Era: Ming Dynasty

Introduction to Xue Xuan:

Xue Xuan (1389-1464) was a Ming Dynasty thinker, a famous Neo-Confucian master, and the founder of the Hedong School. His courtesy name was Dewen and his nickname was Jingxuan. He was a native of Hejin, Shanxi (now Jishan County).

Excerpts from classic poems by Xue Xuan, a thinker of the Ming Dynasty

1. You can’t talk to a villain. Xue Xuan

2. When speaking, every sentence must be coherent. When people are busy, they may speak carelessly, so they have regrets. Xue Xuan

3. If the soldiers have no integrity, the country will be on the verge of extinction. Xue Xuan

4. Although the book is ancient, the teaching is always new. Xue Xuan

5. The heart is like the source of water. If the source is clear, the flow will be clear. If the heart is right, things will be right. Xue Xuan's "Study Record"

6. In dealing with yourself, in matters, and in your subordinates, you should be sincere. Xue Xuan's "Study Record"

7. When talking to others, you should be gentle and calm. If you are angry, you will be unjust; if you are angry, you will be resentful. Xue Xuan

8. Dejin means simplicity. Xue Xuan

9. Don’t be careless in hiring people. If talent is not worthy of the job, how can the job be established? Xue Xuan

10. Don’t do it if it is beneficial, and do it if it is not beneficial, so you work hard without seeing success. Xue Xuan

11. If gold is mixed with copper and iron, it will not be refined; if virtue is mixed with a trace of artificiality, it will be impure. Xue Xuan Ming Dynasty thinker and philosopher Wang Fuzhi's collection of classic quotations

Era: Ming Dynasty

Introduction to Wang Fuzhi: Wang Fuzhi (1619-1692), courtesy name Ernong, alias Jiangzhai, Han nationality, from Wangyaping, south of Hengzhou Fucheng (now Yanfeng District, Hengyang City). The most famous thinker and philosopher in the world is the spiritual source of Hunan culture. Together with Hegel, he is known as the Gemini Constellation of Eastern and Western Philosophy, the master of Chinese simple materialist thought, the forerunner of Enlightenment thought, and Huang Zongxi and Gu Yanwu. They are also known as the three major thinkers in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. In his later years, he lived in Shichuanshan at the foot of Hengshan Mountain in Nanyue. He wrote books and established theories, and he was called "Mr. Chuanshan" in his later generations. He wrote a lot of works throughout his life, among which "Du Tongjian Lun" and "Song Lun" are his representative works. Zeng Guofan, an important official in the late Qing Dynasty, highly praised Wang Chuanshan and his works. He published a large number of Chuanshan's Posthumous Letters in Jinling, which made Wang Fuzhi's works widely circulated. Mao Zedong and Tan Sitong, representatives of modern Hunan culture, were deeply influenced by Chuanshan's thought. Throughout his life, Wang Fuzhi advocated the idea of ??managing the world for practical purposes and resolutely opposed Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism. He said: "The Six Classics asked me to open up new ideas, and I asked seven feet from the sky to be buried alive." His works were later compiled into 16 volumes of "Chuanshan Complete Book".

A collection of classic quotations from the thinker and philosopher Wang Fuzhi of the Ming Dynasty

1. The reason why humans are different from animals is just their will! ——Wang Fuzhi

2. It is easy to learn but hard to love, easy to do but hard to practice, easy to be ashamed but hard to know——Wang Fuzhi

3. The way of a villain must be done. There is no need not to do anything. The way of a gentleman is not to do something that is necessary and do something that is not necessary. ——Wang Fuzhi

4. Teaching by example is more important than words. ——Wang Fuzhi

5. Talents are born by using them, and thoughts are drawn and inexhaustible. ——Wang Fuzhi's "Book of Changes·Zhen"

6. The more you learn, the farther you think. ——Wang Fuzhi

7. When will the swans arrive, there will be abundant autumn water in the rivers and lakes - Wang Fuzhi

8. Wherever love goes, poetry will follow; wherever poetry goes, love will follow - -Wang Fuzhi

9. Practice and then you will know the truth. ——Wang Fuzhi

10. The moon is slanting and the stars are bright. I don’t know that Qiu Xiao is really eternal. The sound is slow and gentle. The eyes are not easy to touch. The leaves are covered with frost, and the insects are wadding. How can I get drunk with thin wine? The affairs of the world depend on the young mind. Clearly a little deeper. ——Wang Euzhi's "The Original Meaning of Gengluozi"

11. The existence and nonexistence of the world cannot be caused or destroyed by thinking - Wang Euzhi

12. Scenery is the scene of emotion, and emotion is the scene Emotions - Wang Fuzhi

13. In selfish desires, the law of heaven resides - Wang Fuzhi

14. Jin failed, bribed his own ears, made friends with his own ears. ——Wang Fuzhi

15. Words are only heard in the ears, and principles are only heard in the sky.

——Wang Euzhi

16. Those who discuss the world must follow the principles of the world——Wang Euzhi

17. Nature is the heaven and earth, and the presiding person——Wang Euzhi

18. Words that are grand but without reality are ominous. ——Wang Fuzhi

19. If the teacher is not strict, the teacher is lazy. ——Wang Fuzhi

20. The breeze deliberately cannot keep me, and the bright moon has no intention of shining on others. ——Wang Fuzhi

21. “We must deal with the inevitable situation.” ——Wang Fuzhi's "The Complete Works of Reading the Four Books"

22. The popularity of Tao among people begins with unity and division, and ends with co-authors at the same time. ——Wang Fuzhi's famous sayings from the Golden Classic of Wang Shouren, a famous thinker in the Ming Dynasty Excerpts from the complete collection

Wang Shouren (October 31, 1472-January 9, 1529), Han nationality, his childhood name was Yun, his courtesy name was Bo'an, and his nickname was Yangming. A native of Yuyao County, Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province (now part of Yuyao, Ningbo), he named himself Yangmingzi because he once built a house in Yangming Cave in Kuaiji Mountain. Scholars called him Mr. Yangming, also known as Wang Yangming.

Wang Shouren's famous sayings:

Although the world is huge, if you have a good intention and a conscience, even ordinary people can become saints.

The friendship between gentlemen is as light as water. They hold on to the image and seek it, but they are thousands of miles away.

Therefore, to be a saint is based on pure heavenly principles, not on talent. Therefore, even if you are an ordinary person, if you are willing to learn and make your mind pure with heavenly principles, you can become a saint.

The most valuable thing to learn is to get it from your heart. Seeking it from the heart is not true. Although his words come from Confucius, I dare not think that it is wrong. What's more, what is more, it is not as good as Confucius? Seeking it from the heart is true. Although his words come from the commonplace, I dare not think that it is wrong. Yes, what if it comes from Confucius?

The saints are of the same body as the world, the people, and the people. Confucianism, Buddhism, Laoism, and Zhuang are all for my use. This is called the Great Way. The second family is selfish, which is called a small way.

This heart is bright, what else can I say? There is no one in the world who cannot transform the goodness of human nature.

It is beneficial for people to practice hard work. If you have no choice but to be quiet, you will become chaotic when things happen, and you will never make any progress. When he is still, his kung fu is also poor. He seems to be restrained, but in fact he is indulgent.

Determining to work hard is like planting a tree. The roots and buds are not yet dry. It has a stem but no branches yet. Branches and then leaves. Leaves then bloom. When the roots are first planted, just cultivate and irrigate them. Don't think about it. Don't think about it. Don't think too much. Don't think realistically. What's the use of wondering? But don't forget the merit of cultivation, be afraid. There are no branches, leaves or flowers.

The one who attacks my shortcomings is my master.

This is a work that establishes learning and words, and a model that establishes morality and conduct.

Self-restraint must be swept away and cleared up. Only if there is not a trace left, will all evils be attracted to each other.

A sage must learn from it.

When you are friends, you will gain if you are inferior to them, and you will lose if you are superior to them.

To achieve knowledge, one must do it. Without doing it, knowledge cannot be achieved.

Selfish desires arise day by day, like dust on the ground. If it is not swept away, there will be another layer.

The conscience in the heart is called a saint, and the learning of a saint only leads to conscience.

Thousands of saints have passed away, but conscience is my teacher.

Knowing good and evil is conscience.

He who can guard against fear is a conscience.

There is nothing bad in nature, so we know there is nothing bad in it.

To be knowledgeable means to keep this natural principle in everything, and to practice sincerely means to keep learning.

The essence of knowing and doing is conscience.

The place where knowledge is true and solid is action, and the place where action is clear and aware is knowledge.

Knowledge is the beginning of action, and action is the completion of knowledge.

There is no one who knows but does not do it, and knows but does not do it is unknown.

This heart is free from the disadvantages of selfish desires, which is the law of heaven.

There is nothing outside my heart. For example, if I have the thought of filial piety to my relatives, then filial piety to my relatives is just a thing.

The heart is the Tao, and the Tao is the heaven. If you know the heart, you will know.

Learn the way to become a saint and learn to have a conscience.

If I know the way of the sage, my nature is self-sufficient, and it is a mistake to look to him for reasons of things.

A serious illness in life is just a word of pride.

Therefore, those who are determined have the heart to learn; those who are determined are the things that are determined.

Therefore, to be a saint is based on pure heavenly principles, not on talent.

Therefore, even if you are an ordinary person, if you are willing to learn and make your mind pure with heavenly principles, you can become a saint.

The saints and the heaven, earth, people and things are of the same body. Confucianism, Buddhism, Laoism, and Zhuang are all for my use. This is called the great road. The second family is selfish, which is called a small way.

Isn’t it wrong for scholars who aspire to be saints to follow the teachings of Confucius and Mencius, abandoning the brightness of the sun and the moon, and hoping for the subtle light of a firefly?

The most valuable thing to learn is to get it from your heart. Seeking it from the heart is not true. Although his words come from Confucius, I dare not think that he is right. What's more, what is more, he is not as good as Confucius? Seeking it from his heart is true. Although his words come from the commonplace, I dare not think that he is wrong. Also, how about it comes from Confucius?

There is no good or disgusting body, there are good and bad intentions, knowing good and evil is conscience, and doing good and eliminating evil is observing things.

There is no disaster greater than the merits of the heavens, no crime greater than the concealment of others' good deeds, no evil greater than the ability to attack, no humiliation greater than the shame of forgetting oneself, the four are prepared and the disaster is complete.

When the human heart is upright, it is the Taoist heart; when the Taoist heart is lost, it is the human heart.

Before you look at this flower, this flower and your heart will become silent together. When you look at this flower, the color of the flower becomes clear for a moment. Then you know that this flower is not outside your heart.

It is easy to break the thief in the mountain, but it is difficult to break the thief in the heart.

The heart is reason. There is no reason outside the heart, there is nothing outside the heart, and there is nothing outside the heart. Excerpts from classic quotes by the famous thinker Gu Yanwu of the Ming Dynasty

Gu Yanwu (1613-1682), Han nationality, was born in Kunshan, Suzhou Prefecture (now Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province) in the southern part of the Ming Dynasty. He was a famous thinker, historian, and linguist. Jia, together with Huang Zongxi and Wang Fuzhi, were known as the three great Confucian scholars in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. His real name was Jiang, with the courtesy name Zhongqing. After the defeat of Nandu, he changed his name to Yanwu, with the courtesy name Ningren, because he admired the character of Wen Tianxiang's student Wang Yanwu. During the Ming Dynasty, many students devoted themselves to practical learning in managing the world when they were young, and participated in the anti-Qing rebel army in Kunshan. After their defeat, they traveled north and south. They visited Ming Tombs ten times and died in Quwo in their later years. He is very knowledgeable and has studied national laws, anecdotes about counties and cities, astronomical phenomena, rivers and canals, soldiers and peasants, hundreds of schools of classics and history, and phonology and exegesis. In his later years, he re-examined the classics and established a simple learning style in the Qing Dynasty. His studies are based on being knowledgeable in literature and practicing with shame, integrating learning and practice, scholarship and managing the world. The poems are often touching and touching.

Gu Yanwu's classic famous sayings:

The sound of wind and rain and the sound of reading can be heard, and everything in the world is concerned about family affairs, state affairs, and everything in the world.

The indispensability of literature between heaven and earth is to clarify the way, to record political affairs, to observe the privacy of the people, and to enjoy the goodness of Taoists. If this is beneficial to the world and the future, one more article will be of great benefit. If you use strange power to disturb the gods, make nonsense words, suppress attacks, and flattery, if you do this, it will harm yourself and not benefit others. One more article will be a loss.

As a learner, one should neither be small nor arrogant.

No one is born with a cone of earth, but always has the heart of the world.

Therefore, the shamelessness of scholar-bureaucrats is called a national humiliation.

Rituals, justice, integrity and shame are the four dimensions.

It must be something that the ancients have not been able to achieve, and something that future generations cannot do without, and then do it. In the last years of the Ming Dynasty, I was eager to make something for myself, but I couldn't try it so far, and I was very old. However, the ambition to worry about heaven and show mercy to people has not faded away. If it is related to the people's livelihood and the country's fate, we must trace it back to its roots and discuss its reasons.

My husband has ambitions in all directions, and if he has some plans ahead of time, how can he cross the three rivers and guard the wild rice all year round?

If you are not honest, you will take everything; if you are not shameful, you will do everything.

The purpose of a gentleman’s study is to clarify the way and save the world. It's just poetry, what's the use of the so-called insect carving and seal carving!

After witnessing the trends of the world, we know that the key to controlling chaos must be people's customs, and to change people's hearts and rectify customs, Ji Gang's education is indispensable. That’s it.

It is our duty to save this people from the ashes and create peace for all generations. Benevolence considers one's duty and will only die after death.

Everything is uneven, so why do you have to suffer by yourself? You will be an inch long and hold a tree in your mouth until the end of time. I wish to calm the East China Sea, and my body and mind will never change. The sea will never be flat, and my heart will never be flat. Woohoo! Don't you see, there are many birds in the trees in the west mountain, and the magpies come and swallows build their own nests.

Canglong can still rain at dusk, and the old trees are blooming in late spring.

If there are too many officials, there will be chaos, and if there are too many generals, there will be chaos.

If a minister deceives the emperor and harms the country, he will be greedy for goods and bribes.

Wealth and honor are fleeting in life, but only honor, fame and longevity are the golden stones.

As a learner, one should neither be small nor arrogant.

No one is born with a cone of earth, but always has the heart of the world.

The liver and gallbladder are stored in heaven and earth, and the beauty on the temples is reflected in the country.

I wish to bring peace to the East China Sea and keep my body and mind unchanged.

My husband has ambitions in all directions. How can he cross three rivers and guard the wild rice all year round if he has no plans in advance?

The old cypresses are turning green, and the quiet flowers are blooming in late spring.

Those who protect the world are so humble as ordinary people, how can they be held responsible?

For ten years, the world has been at war with each other, and the people all over the world have cried bitterly.

There are still remnants in the world, and it is difficult to follow Jiuding during major festivals.

It is against the rules of the world.

If you are not honest, you will take everything; if you are not shameful, you will do everything.

Ci Zhuhuda, regardless of whether it is complex or simple.

There are no unchangeable customs in the world.

Everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world.