Orchid: Epiphytic or terrestrial herb with several or at most leaves, usually located at the base or lower node of pseudobulb, in two rows, banded or rarely oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, with a broad sheath around the base and pseudobulb, with joints. The raceme has several or more flowers, and the colors are white, pure white, white green, yellow-green, yellowish yellow, yellowish brown, yellow, red, cyan and purple. Now that we are talking about orchids, let's find out who had the qualities of orchids in ancient times and he chose to live in seclusion.
Who lived in seclusion with the qualities of orchids in ancient times
The qualities of orchid symbols are elegant, delicate, elegant and free from vulgarity, and a gentleman ~
1. A gentleman comes from Confucius' family precepts? If the spirit is blue, it will not change, and if the heart is blue, it will not move. . And Confucius? Lan should be the king's fragrance?
2. The quality of noble and clean dust is born in the valley, and it is not self-fragrant? . See also Marshal Zhu De? Even if no one sees and appreciates it, he still enjoys himself. ?
3. Is the talented Zhilan Yushu born? From the dialogue between Xie An and his sons and nephews in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Lenovo's figures, modern representatives mainly include Zhang Xueliang and Zhu De, and Zhang Xueliang is called Orchid General. Zheng Banqiao in Qing Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin in Song Dynasty, Xie An and Wang Xizhi in Eastern Jin Dynasty. Reminiscent calligraphy works: preface to Lanting Collection. Lanting is in the suburb of Shaoxing today, and it was the place where Gou Jian raised orchids for training in ancient times. Later it was the villa of Wang Xizhi's home. The core position of orchid culture was created by Confucius, although at that time he meant all fragrant flowering grasses, not just orchids today. Since ancient times, people have regarded orchids as a symbol of nobleness, elegance, patriotism and constancy. Orchids symbolize nobility. Orchids are elegant, dignified and fragrant, and have always been a symbol of noble personality. Qu Yuan, a poet, loves orchids very much. In his immortal work Lisao, there are many beautiful sentences about orchids. The orchid gives birth to the vestibule, which contains the fragrance of the breeze. Orchids are known as? A gentleman in flowers? 、? King's fragrance? . For China people, orchids also have profound national significance.
among the traditional four gentlemen in China, plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum are different from plum's loneliness, chrysanthemum's wind and frost and bamboo's integrity. Orchids symbolize the temperament of an intellectual and the introverted elegance of a nation. Therefore, for orchids, China people have deep-rooted national feelings and personality identity. Orchid, the elegant and graceful leaves; Noble and elegant flowers with both charm and charm; The pure, remote and refreshing fragrance has been loved since ancient times. Therefore, in the traditional culture of China, cultivating orchids, appreciating orchids, painting orchids and writing orchids have always been an important way for people to cultivate their sentiments and cultivate their self-cultivation. China orchids, known as "national fragrance" and "king fragrance", have become the representatives of elegant culture. Hanging bluegrass is born when it meets pure land, but it is not fragrant because of no one ... refined! Orchids are indifferent, elegant, beautiful, noble and virtuous, and have their own life-like body and unique style and character among thousands of flowers. Orchids go out of the mountains and don't forget the mountains, enter the city and don't love the city. Rich people don't forget their roots, poor people don't forget their sources, and their character can be described as noble. Orchids are transplanted from big cities to villages and farmhouses. As long as they follow their growth laws, everyone can give them peaches and reciprocate them. Orchids beautify the environment, purify the air, purify people's souls, cultivate people's sentiments, adjust people's mentality and emotions, remain unknown and contribute to people. Orchids are quiet, unobtrusive, lasting fragrance, not strong, and only those who are attentive will appreciate her elegance and beauty.
Ancient reclusive celebrity
Tao Yuanming was born in 365 A.D., a recluse, bright-lettered, Yang-seeking Chai Sang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi). He lived in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, when politics was dark, nobles were corrupt, the gate system was strict and class contradictions were very sharp. Tao Kan, his great-grandfather, was the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was the official to Fu, and was named the Duke of Changsha. His grandfather and father used to be satrap officials, but by the time of Tao Yuanming, his family had declined, so he lived a poor life since he was a child. When he was a teenager, he had a bold and unrestrained life and high aspirations. He accepted the Confucian thought of being pragmatic, did he? Great benefit to the whole life? Ambition, very hope to make contributions. He once wrote:? Young people are rare, and they swim well in the Six Classics? ，? Teenagers are strong and complete, swimming alone with swords? ，? I remember when I was young, I was happy without joy, and I was eager to escape from all over the world, and I was in Philip Burkart. . He is studious and knowledgeable, and his poems, poems and essays are excellent. However, due to the political darkness and the exclusion of the gate system, he could not display his political ambitions, which is the reason why his official career is blocked and tragic.
Xiao Tong wrote in the biography of Tao Yuanming:? Pro-poor hometown, drinking for the state; I can't stand the official position, and I will return home in a few days. ? Here is a record of Tao Yuanming's first official offering wine to Jiangzhou at the age of 29. But because? Unbearable? After a short time, he was dismissed and went home. Later, he joined the army for Liu Yu, the general of the town army, in the third year of Jin Yuanxing, and joined the army for Liu Jingyi, the general who was built the next year, and returned home because of his unhappiness. After returning home, farming is not enough for self-sufficiency, and there are many children, so there is no way to live. Relatives and friends persuaded him to go out as an official. His uncle, Tao Kui, used to be Taichangqing. Seeing his poor life, he introduced him and was appointed as the order of a small county. At that time, during the war, he was afraid to work in the distance, and pengze county was not far from home, and his salary was enough for him to make wine, so he worked in pengze county. After he took office, he sent a serviceman to his family and wrote:? Life at home is very difficult. Now I give you a serviceman to help you farm the fields. He is a human being, please treat him well. ? At the end of the year, Du You came to visit the county, and the county official told him that he should dress neatly to welcome Du You. Tao Yuanming sighed and said:? How can I bend over to the village children for five buckets of rice! ? I will leave my post on the same day. Later, he wrote the masterpiece "Return to Home". The poet explained the reasons for writing in the preface. He said frankly that he was forced to make a living when he became a county magistrate; Why did you resign because? Nature is natural, and it is not obtained by correction. Although hunger and freezing are cut, it is against the disease. . That is to say, I'd rather go hungry than pander to my boss against my will and hang out in officialdom. In his speech, he described his determination and mood to resign. Come back to Xi, the countryside will ruin Hu Bugui! Since the heart is the form of service. Xi melancholy and sad alone? If you don't remonstrate with the past, you can pursue what you know. It's not far from being lost, and I feel that today is not yesterday. ? Tao Yuanming resigned and retired, which was a strong resistance to the dark reality. However, some of Lotte know life's thoughts are not worth taking. The language of this article is fresh, simple and natural. Narration, scenery description and lyricism are organically combined, and the feelings are real and full of lyricism. Ouyang Xiu, a famous writer in the Song Dynasty, once praised: There is no article in Jin, but Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Home". ? Tao Yuanming in "Returning to the Pastoral Home? There is no less vulgar rhyme, which reads:? Fall into the dust net by mistake, for thirteen years. ?
It has been 13 years since Tao Yuanming offered a toast to the state at the age of 29 and Peng Zejin resigned. He didn't like the political corruption at that time, which ended his career. Tao Yuanming's last 2 years of pastoral life was different from other hermits' seclusion in the mountains and forests. Tao Yuanming's seclusion itself is a kind of resistance to the dark reality, which reflects his dissatisfaction with the reality. This is not the same as escaping from reality. This is reflected in his poems, such as "Returning to the Countryside" and "Drinking"? Build house in the human condition? 、? Chang Gong Zeng Yishi? ; From Imitating the Ancient? When you are young, you are strong and strong? ; What's in Gui Mao's mid-December work and following his younger brother to respect the distance, telling wine and reading Shan Hai Jing? Huge and arrogant? 、? Jingwei holds a micro-wood? : In Miscellaneous Poems? In the daytime, is it? ; And "Ode to Jing Ke" and so on. In these poems, the poet sings; ? Few hours do not do as the Romans, their nature is love of nature. Fall into the dust net by mistake, for thirteen years. When you are in love with the forest, you miss the source. ? Long trapped in a cage without freedom, I finally return to the forest today. ? In just a few words, I hate my official career beyond words. ? The pine is in the East Garden, and the grass is in its posture; The frost is different, and you can see the high branches. Even the forest people don't realize that it is strange to be alone. ? Here, the poet compares himself with the pine, although? See the lofty branches? However, in that era when the gate system was strict, people still could not make the best use of their talents. Also,? If the sun and the moon throw people away, they will not win. It's more sad to miss than to be pregnant. You can't be quiet at dawn. ? My husband is ambitious all over the world, and I would rather not be old. ? Although he saw that his ideal could not be realized, he still didn't want to be old, and he wanted to continue his career and make contributions. As for "Chanting Jing He" and "Reading Shan Hai Jing", the poet praised the fighting spirit of ancient heroes, which reflected the poet's own thought of resisting the dark reality and showed his? King Kong glared? On the other side. It shows that he has not forgotten the reality and has not given up his great ideal.
Tao Yuanming's pastoral life also has an obvious feature, that is, he can personally participate in productive labor, get close to the working people, and praise labor. At that time, when the social literati despised labor, this in itself was of progressive significance, and at the same time, his pastoral poems were imbued with the flavor of working life. It is really not easy to take part in labor, respect the working people, live with them and have great fun. Two poems, Gui Mao's Spring with Zuo Tian She, Returning to the Garden, Geng Shu's Early Rice Harvest in Xitian in September, etc., all describe the poet's participation in labor. I heard about Nanmiao in the past, but I didn't practice it that year. Repeatedly empty, there are people, and Chunxing is free. In the morning, I was driving, and I was already in love. ? I planted beans under the south hill, and the weeds in the fields were full of pea. In the morning, it's ridiculous, and you bring the lotus home with you? . ? In the spring, I managed to do business, and my years of work were considerable. Be diligent in the morning, and the Japanese will pay back. ? Wenyuan is so long, and he is not sighing. ? As a poet in feudal society, he can go out early and return to work hard at night, and he must? Long like this? , which is rare in the history of China literature. This is not only the meaning of labor itself, but also the change of labor concept. ? Life belongs to the Tao, and food and clothing depend on its end? The poet preached the truth of relying on labor to eat here, and this view is really very rare. His feelings for the working people are also very sincere: And enter the phase and return, the pot pulp is close to the neighbors? ，? When the complex market music, grass * * *. Meet each other without miscellaneous words, but Sang Ma is long? ，? Smell knocking at the door in the morning, turn upside down and open yourself. Asked for whom, Tian Fu has a good heart. The pot is far-sighted, and doubts me to take advantage of the time. ? From these poems, we can see the close relationship between poets and working people. They talk and drink together, and they really talk about everything.
The poet also eulogizes the pastoral scenery, which is also a major feature of Tao Yuanming's poems. Different from those written by scholars in previous dynasties, he did not beautify the reality, nor did he simply appreciate the pastoral scenery, but compared it with the dark official life. There are more than ten acres of square houses and eight or nine grass houses, in front of Taoli Luotang. Warm and distant people's villages, smoke in Yiyi Market; In the deep alley, chickens crow at the top of mulberry trees. ? The pastoral scenery written here is so beautiful that it is no wonder that later generations call him the hermit poet's Sect, which created the pastoral school, and the evaluation is really high. In fact, this is only one aspect of the problem. Pastoral life is not so wonderful, it often encounters natural and man-made disasters, even poets? Hungry in summer, sleepless in cold nights. ? Not to mention the vast number of peasants who are poorer than poets. In this way, the poet contrasts the beautiful and simple rural scenery with the dark and dirty official life, and effectively exposes and criticizes the hypocrisy of the good way. He compared the dark right path to? Lost? 、? Fan long? He compared himself to going astray? Capturing birds? 、? Pond fish? No freedom and pain. So he decided to return to the countryside and regain his spiritual freedom. Besides, the poet is not at peace. He once wrote,? Fierce ambition to escape from the four seas, cold purlin Philip Burkart? ，? My husband is ambitious all over the world. Would I like to be old? That means this is the poet's? True meaning? Where.
Tao Yuanming is a master of pastoral poetry. In fact, we should pay more attention to his political ideals. What is his political ideal? Xanadu . The poet approached the people in the countryside and understood their hunger and sufferings. He was dissatisfied with the darkness and hypocrisy of his official career at that time. He wrote: Xi Nong has been gone for a long time, and the world is less true? ; ? Zhong Hua has been away from me for a long time, and I am poor in the world? . According to the situation that the northwest people escaped from the tyranny of Qin, and according to the records of the Three Kingdoms; ? Tian Chou, a native of Xu Wushan, lived in a deep and dangerous camp, and devoted himself to his adoptive parents. The people returned to it, and in a few years, it reached more than 5,? . According to these rumors, the poet expressed his ideal image in Peach Blossom Spring. Society? ,? Spring silkworms collect filaments, and autumn ripe silkworms are taxed? ; ? Heavy children's vertical songs, white and happy to swim? , everyone? Have fun? . There is no exploitation, no oppression, everyone works and everyone lives a rich and peaceful life. This paradise embodies the good wishes of poets and working people. It was in sharp contrast with the dark social reality at that time. Undoubtedly, this is also the poet's denial of feudal society. This ideal was of course impossible to realize in the social situation at that time, but its progressive significance is undeniable. Although there is the influence of Laozi's thought of small country and few people here, it is the crystallization of the poet's practice of rural life after returning to the field and the result of further development of his thought. This kind of ideal is the aspiration of the Chinese people with lofty ideals for thousands of years, and it is the precious cultural wealth of the Chinese nation. Therefore, Tao Yuanming is a great poet and should occupy an important position in the history of China literature. In the past, some people regarded him as a typical person who was completely divorced from reality, which was wrong. As Mr. Lu Xun said: Tao Qian is great because he is not completely silent? .
Tao Yuanming's family was very poor during his hard work. He wrote in the poem "Have a meeting and make it"; ? When you are weak, you will be hungry when you are old; What is the envy of the wheat, who dares to be fat! ? In this preface, I wrote:? The old valley is gone, and the new valley is not boarded. It is quite an old farmer, but it is worth the annual disaster, and the sun and the moon are still leisurely. ? It can be seen how sleepy his life is! In this year, in 426 AD, Tan Daoji, the secretariat of Jiangzhou, went to visit him. He had been lying hungry at home for a long time. Good Dao Ji said to him:? Sages live in the world, there is no way in the world, and there is a way to it; This child is born in a civilized world, so why bother? He said? How dare you look forward to the virtuous, and your ambition is not as good as it is. ? Dao Ji gave him some food. Tao Yuanming in Begging for Food >: The poem also wrote:? Hunger comes to test me, I don't know why; Walking in Sri Lanka is a clumsy speech. Master's solution, legacy is empty. ? In the midst of hardship, the poet wrote three elegies and one self-sacrifice, and died in 427 AD at the age of 63. It is a tragedy of the times for a great poet to end up in such a miserable ending. The poems he left us had a far-reaching impact on later generations. His character of not bowing down for five buckets of rice and not colluding with others is admired by many upright and progressive writers and people in future generations. Of course, the impermanence of life in his poems and Lotte know life's attitude towards life also had some negative influences. There is a collection of Tao Yuanming handed down from generation to generation.