Physics is a difficult subject in senior high school science subjects. Most students who have studied physics in high school, especially those who have poor grades in physics, always have such a question: "If you can understand clearly in class, you won't do it after class." This is a common problem, which deserves serious study by physics teachers and students. Let's briefly talk about the learning methods of senior high school physics to help students learn.

First of all, analyze the common question raised by the above students, that is, why can you understand in class but can't do it after class? As a science teacher, I have such personal feelings: for example, reading a literary work, the description of natural scenery and the description of people's psychological activities in the article are amazing, and I know it is, but if I have to start writing, I may not be able to write others' level. There is absolutely no problem listening to others and reading other people's articles, but it is not so easy to write them yourself and become your own things. Another example is what a child would say. If he wants to write it, he must go through repeated writing exercises to get there. Therefore, if you want to understand and do, you must practice more on the basis of understanding, so as to master the laws and mysteries and truly become your own things. This is where you should study physics hard in high school. How to work hard, what specific requirements should be met in the learning process, and what problems should be paid attention to? Let's analyze it in several levels.

Memory: In the study of high school physics, we should memorize the basic concepts, laws and some basic conclusions, which is what we often call the most basic knowledge. Students often ignore the memory of these basic concepts and think that learning physics does not need to memorize these literal things. As a result, few students, even those in cram schools, can accurately state their physical concepts in the review of senior three. I can't absolutely say that the incompleteness of physical concepts has a great influence on your study in a certain exam or a certain stage, but I can definitely say that your understanding of physical problems has an inherent adverse effect on the formation of your knowledge of the whole physical system. You can't tell which question in an exam will lose points because of your inaccurate concept. Therefore, learning Chinese requires memorizing famous sayings and epigrams, learning mathematics requires memorizing basic formulas, and learning physics also requires memorizing basic concepts and laws. This is the first premise and the most basic requirement to learn physics well. Without this step, the following study is impossible.

Accumulation: it is the work after memory in the process of learning physics. On the basis of memory, we constantly collect a lot of information about physics knowledge from textbooks and reference materials, some of which come from a topic, some from an illustration of a topic, and some may come from a short reading material. In the process of collecting and sorting out, we should be good at analyzing and classifying different knowledge points, and find out similarities and differences in the process of sorting out, so as to facilitate memory. The process of accumulation is a process of struggle between memory and forgetting. However, it is necessary to make knowledge more comprehensive and systematic through repeated memory, and the relationship between formulas, theorems and laws is closer, so as to achieve the purpose of accumulation. Never repeat your homework like a bear breaking a stick, rote it and think nothing. The result will only be more memories than forgetfulness.

Synthesis: Physical knowledge is divided into chapters and sections, and the contents that can be required in the physical examination outline are also one by one. They are both interrelated and different. Therefore, in the process of physics learning, we should constantly carry out small synthesis, and wait until the third grade knowledge is learned before systematically synthesizing. This process requires students' ability, and chapters are interrelated, and different chapters can be compared with each other, so that the knowledge before and after can be truly integrated, so as to gradually find the connection of knowledge from synthesis and find the interest in learning physics knowledge.

Improvement: through the memory and accumulation of previous knowledge and careful synthesis, the ability to solve problems can be improved. The so-called ability improvement, to put it bluntly, is to improve the ability to solve and analyze problems. For a topic, we should first look at what the problem is-mechanics, heat, electromagnetism, optics or atomic physics, and then make clear the research object, combine the conditions given in the topic, apply relevant physical concepts and laws, and also use some physical first-and second-level conclusions to get a smooth result. It is conceivable that if the basic concepts of physics are not clear, the given conditions or implied conditions in the questions can not be seen, or the formula used in solving problems is wrong or the primary and secondary conclusions should be used, but the original formula is used, the speed and correct rate of solving problems will be affected, and getting high marks in the exam will become empty talk. Improvement is first of all proficient in solving problems, then flexible in solving problems, and finally innovative in solving problems. This includes multiple solutions of the same problem, and the simplest method can be selected from the multiple solutions; It also includes multiple solutions to one problem and successful solutions to multiple similar problems. Really reach the level of dexterity and ease of use.

To sum up, there are roughly six levels in learning physics, that is, understanding first, memorizing later, practicing and using, gradually mastering, practice makes perfect, and making innovations?

The top scholar talks about physics learning.

A, physics learning is modular, * * * is divided into four modules:

1. The understanding of the concept cannot be simply recited. Facing a new physical quantity, it is important to understand its function in solving practical problems.

2. Application of the concept: After understanding the concept, there is no big problem in application. Solving a problem is to grasp every sentence of every problem and give you conditions. As long as the conditions correspond to the physical quantities and then substitute them into the corresponding formulas, the answer can be worked out.

3. Derivatives

4. Synthesis: In all chapters of physics, except for the relative independence of optics, everything else is closely related, so we must pay attention to the connection.

Second, how to do exercises:

When doing exercises, especially science exercises, we must grasp the relationship between quantity and quality. Mainly concerned with quality issues. "I" high school never bought exercises, mainly after finishing the questions given by the book and the teacher, summed up the problem-solving ideas of each question. The process of solving the problem is divided into:

1. Analyze physical processes: abstract processes into physical quantities.

2. Use mathematics to solve problems

Third, study habits:

You should listen carefully in class. As for learning methods, you should adapt your learning methods to yourself, not to others.

2) Think more and ask more questions when doing the questions. "I" have been slow in doing the problem, but every time I finish it, I will look at how I got it and what I can learn from it in the future, so as to achieve the effect of giving inferences, instead of forgetting it after I finish it. In this way, "I" will have an exam soon, unlike others, who are busy deducing as soon as they get to the exam.

3) Ask questions when you are wrong, and discuss them with your teachers and classmates. Don't be shy.

4) Review repeatedly.

5) Reference books, students whose grades are not very good, should look for books that are analyzed and summarized when buying, rather than books that simply give answers.

Physics study and review of top students in college entrance examination

Yin Peng (a student of Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University College of Life Sciences, the top science student in Hebei College Entrance Examination).

In the third year of high school, I had a lot of experience in studying and reviewing physics. I want to talk about two points here: first, how to read books, and second, how to do problems, hoping to help students in senior three.

Physics is a highly theoretical subject with many concepts and laws. Textbooks should be the foothold of our senior three review. When reading a book, you must read it thoroughly. Don't just browse. Don't memorize knowledge and eat it alive. Pay attention to the in-depth understanding and comprehension of knowledge: clarify the connotation and extension of various concepts, formulas and laws; Prioritize a group of interrelated concepts and compare their similarities and differences; For a set of laws and formulas, find out their mutual relationship and causal relationship ... on the one hand, we must master all kinds of knowledge points and knowledge blocks in depth; At the same time, you should also stand high; Grasp the whole physical knowledge system, and master the knowledge from the whole and mutual connection. The whole physical system is like a magnificent building, with a harmonious and perfect structure inside, and each knowledge point has its own position and is interrelated behind it. Summing up the work is very important for sorting out the context of knowledge and establishing a complete and harmonious knowledge system in the mind. It is suggested that senior three students can have a summary book to summarize their knowledge, which is believed to be beneficial to everyone's study.

On the one hand, we should base ourselves on textbooks and lay a good foundation; On the other hand, we should pay attention to further improvement. In order to exercise our physical thinking and improve our test-taking ability, moderate exercise is essential. Two words should be grasped when doing the problem: one is "essence" and the other is "thinking". "Jing" is mainly about topic selection. There are countless physical exercise and review books published now. So many books are bound to be mixed. If you choose a bad exercise book and bury yourself in it, it's like working hard on barren land, sweating a lot, but gaining a lot. When choosing exercises, it is best to consult teachers or previous students, refer to their opinions, and then make appropriate choices according to your own situation. Pay attention to "thinking" when doing problems. "Thinking" runs through the whole process of solving problems. What I want to talk about here is a very important but often overlooked "thinking after the problem." Each problem corresponds to one or more knowledge points and one or more problem-solving methods. Think about it after solving the problem. If you don't have a good grasp of these knowledge points or problem-solving methods, then make a mark on this question and summarize this knowledge point or method in your notebook. The topic selection should be "precise" and the problem solving should be "thinking". If we can grasp these two points, we can often get twice the result with half the effort.

I believe that if you can not only stand on the textbook, lay a solid foundation, but also skillfully do problems and improve steadily, then your efforts will be rewarded accordingly.

Cai Ming (student of Physics Department of Peking University):

I have been interested in physics since middle school. Full marks in the college entrance examination were admitted to the Physics Department of Peking University. Here, I want to introduce my learning methods and experience in physics. Shortcomings and mistakes are inevitable. Please criticize and correct me.

The key to achieving excellent academic performance is to have effective learning methods. In my opinion, a good learning method includes four main links: preview, attending classes, reviewing and doing problems. These links are introduced below.

First of all, we should realize the importance of preview. Through preview, we can grasp the difficulty of this section, so as to "have a clear aim" and take the initiative to acquire knowledge in class. Moreover, through preview, you can cultivate your self-study, understanding and independent thinking ability, which is also one of the purposes of learning physics. Learning physics is not only learning physical knowledge itself, but also mastering this set of ability to analyze and solve physical problems.

Preview can not be completed simply by reading a book, but by reading the textbook carefully, pondering every sentence and carefully scrutinizing the laws of physics until you understand them. If you really don't understand, you should mark it, which is the focus of your class. Therefore, through purposeful preview, we can turn passivity into initiative and lay a solid foundation for mastering knowledge. Listening to classes is the most critical part of learning.

In class, first, we should pay attention to the key points emphasized by teachers, which are often the main objectives of various exams; Secondly, pay attention to what you don't understand when previewing. Teachers must listen carefully and think positively when they talk about this place. Generally speaking, they will understand. If you really don't understand, don't think too much and delay the lecture. You can ask the teacher after class. A good memory is better than a bad writing. Besides listening carefully in class, you should also take notes. Because notes are often the systematization and concretization of the key and difficult points summarized by teachers in many years of teaching practice, which embodies the teachers' hard work. In addition, taking notes is also convenient for grasping the key points when reviewing.

After listening to the lesson, the knowledge points in the brain are like beautiful pearls scattered on the ground, which must be connected into a beautiful necklace through the thread of "review". When reviewing, you should chew the textbook carefully against the key points in your notes and the difficulties in preview. Important physical concepts and laws should be kept in mind. When reviewing, you can't confine yourself to this section as you did when previewing, because there are many similar laws in physics, and many concepts and laws are intrinsically related, such as the motion of objects in gravity and electric field, the inverse square ratio of the law of gravity and Coulomb's law, the connection and difference between fluctuation and vibration, and so on. This requires us to pay attention to the contact and communication before and after review, so as to better grasp their essence.

The review is over, but you're not finished. Now you only know the laws of physics, but how to use them in specific situations and what skills to use, any laws of physics have their scope of application. Beyond this range, the law may not stand and must be replaced by a more accurate theory. You may not know or be familiar with these things, so you have to consolidate what you have learned by doing problems, apply the laws of physics to solve practical problems, and accumulate experience in doing problems. Practice makes perfect. I don't advocate sea tactics. We should do fewer but better questions and do more different types of questions. Before each question, we should carefully examine the questions, distinguish the types of questions, and find a general method suitable for a certain type of questions, so as to draw inferences from others and draw inferences from others.

In addition to textbooks, we should also read some extracurricular reference books, which is of great benefit to deepen our understanding and skilled application of physical laws. In the choice of reference books, don't choose those problem sets, problem sets and question banks, because they only have a simple answer, which is neither thinking analysis nor regular application. If you do it right, eat it. If you do it wrong, you don't know why. Therefore, we should choose books such as study guidance and problem-solving guidance, which often contain detailed problem-solving thinking analysis and specific problem-solving steps. For the same physical problem, due to different starting points, different physical laws and different mathematical methods, the complexity of the problem-solving process often varies greatly. When you look at the solutions in the reference books after you finish the questions, you will often find more ingenious ideas, more flexible physical laws, more effective mathematical means and more novel problem-solving methods. In this way, every time you do a problem, you will gain a lot. As time goes by, always being exposed to new, flexible and flexible ideas will make your thinking more open and flexible. In addition, it is best to add the applicable types, skills and precautions of relevant laws to the corresponding chapters of your notes, so as to systematically incorporate them into your knowledge network in future review.

In short, preview is to make a preparation, attending class is to obtain knowledge points, and review is to connect knowledge points into lines. The problem is to further connect the lines into a network, so that knowledge can be integrated. Only by grasping the four links of learning well can we be handy in learning and achieve excellent results.

Ma (student of Peking University Technical Physics Department)

When we study any course, we should not only rely on the teacher to "help us walk", but also actively learn to "walk by ourselves". Especially in physics, self-study is essential. What we usually call preview is self-study to some extent. Maybe some people think that they don't have the ability to teach themselves, which doesn't matter. As long as you are interested in learning, self-study will naturally have motivation and a good start.

A person's interest in learning a subject is cultivated. In fact, we can cultivate our interest in learning by self-study. Self-study, you can read textbooks intensively by yourself, or you can dabble in extracurricular books extensively to expand your knowledge. In this way, self-study has brought us knowledge and interest. Interest can further promote learning, and learning provides a foundation for self-study. Self-study and study can complement each other and make progress together.

In addition to squeezing out a little time at ordinary times, winter and summer vacations are a good time for self-study. Generally speaking, we should pay attention to control and make full use of relatively concentrated time; The scattered time is mainly used to cooperate with daily classes. There are many ways to teach yourself. Generally speaking, there must be a self-study plan first, which is the key to the beginning of self-study. Planning should be scientific: laying a good foundation in the early stage. Pay attention to self-study teaching materials; In the middle stage, it is more important to read a certain number of extracurricular books to improve your ability and quality; Pay attention to the combination of teaching materials and reference books in the later stage and develop in an all-round way. Once the timetable is made, it should not be changed easily. Be sure to practice for a period of time before deciding to change. In the face of heavy learning tasks, the self-study plan should be practical, don't aim too high, and expect to achieve it overnight. Everything has a process from quantitative change to qualitative change, with special attention to gradual progress. We should have the spirit of "climbing mountains with affection and watching the sea with affection".

In the face of a sea of publications, we must choose several books with wonderful contents for intensive reading, such as Mathematics and Physics for Middle School Students, and strive to understand them thoroughly. Like those books about the history of physics, you can also browse them, which is conducive to cultivating interest.

Self-study notes are also particularly important in the process of self-study. It is best to collect notes on physics subjects and make cards for easy reference and memory. Especially those difficulties, we should have the spirit of perseverance. The higher we raise them, the harder we drill. I remember a physicist saying, "When you encounter a problem, don't stop or abandon it, but write it down and try to solve it one by one." The problems found before may be solved later. When most problems are solved by you, it will bring you endless joy and confidence. "Be optimistic about what you don't understand by yourself. There is never a smooth road to learning. If necessary, you can ask others for help and solve every problem in a down-to-earth manner.

Life is too short to learn. Only by self-study can we truly understand the meaning of learning. There is no absolute dividing line between self-study and study, they are two sides of things. Therefore, while paying attention to learning well, we should also see the dynamic role of self-study.

Lv Zhipeng (student of Peking University Technical Physics Department):

Someone once said that a good physicist is also a mathematician. There is some truth in this statement. There is a lot of knowledge in physics that needs rigorous mathematics to reason and verify. If readers have a certain knowledge of mathematics, it must be easy to learn physics.

The study of physics depends on memory and understanding, and memory is the basis of understanding. It is unreasonable to completely deny memory, which is also the disadvantage of learning physics. When the memory is solid, you must ask for understanding. When you have a deep understanding of a problem, you will immediately respond to such problems in the days to come, so as not to be at a loss.

One of the keys to learn physics well is to draw a good schematic diagram. Words are always abstract. When the problem solver transforms his understanding of the text into a chart, reflecting the relationship between objects in the whole physical environment, it is equivalent to solving half the problem. It is not an exaggeration for some people to call this subject eyes, and it is no wonder that there are points in the college entrance examination. When drawing a stress diagram, don't isolate the relationship between the diagram and the individual. We should carefully analyze the whole problem, not generalize, but deeply understand the relationship between the whole and the individual.

The second key is to do a certain amount of exercises. Some people don't advocate sea tactics, nor do I, but doing a certain amount of exercises is of great benefit to learning physics well. Doing more exercises is not repeating more than a dozen questions over and over again, but digging its connotation from the problem itself, fully understanding what theorems and laws the physical environment described by the problem is related to and what methods should be used to solve it. The best way to solve physical problems is to use the viewpoint of energy (including the viewpoint of momentum), because almost all physical phenomena in nature are related to energy or momentum, and it will be easier to solve physical exercises with the viewpoint of energy or momentum than other methods. However, we should not blindly pursue energy or momentum when analyzing specific problems. We should use any method we can to solve the problem, which may save a lot of time.

The third key is to pay attention to the combination of physics and mathematics. This combination point is often inequality, quadratic function and so on. Using these two tools skillfully to solve physical problems can make some confusing problems simple and clear.

Finally, to learn physics well, we should be good at guessing. Einstein once said: "Imagination is more important than knowledge, knowledge is limited, imagination is infinite, and it is the source of social progress." In fact, to be clear, the conjecture is "Meng", but it is not blindly "Meng", but based on some information (which can be obtained from the stem of the question or through logical analysis). This method is mainly used to answer multiple-choice questions.

Hu Zhanzhi (student of Peking University Technical Physics Department)

Many students have a headache about physics, mostly because they have given themselves psychological hints that physics is difficult to learn. To tell the truth, high school physics can't be said to be difficult, and it can even be said to be a bit dull memory. To sum up, there are also several plates: one is the mechanical plate, the other is the electromagnetic plate, the third is the gas plate, and the fourth is the preliminary plate of optics, acoustics and atomic theory. The first two sections are particularly important, and most of the questions come from these two sections. The third section often appears in the examination questions, so we should pay full attention to it, while the fourth section is often easier, and we can pick a lot of points and should not ignore it. It is more important to solve physical problems with procedures. Even if you don't write the program clearly, you should follow the steps of "analysis, enumeration and calculation" and don't be confused. The advantage of doing this is to make the problem-solving easier to understand. The key point of physics review is to pay full attention to textbook knowledge. Besides keeping up with the pace of teachers, we should also study more textbooks. The thinking problem in the textbook is the outline of review, and then find some test sites to analyze, carefully understand each concept and requirement, and do a certain number of exercises accordingly; Secondly, we should pay special attention to the role of drawing, which is intuitive, simple and clear, and is often a good tool to solve problems. Physical diagrams are more intuitive, and more importantly, some relationships must be obtained through images.

In addition, the comprehensive examples explained by the teacher are very important, so you must make detailed notes and try to figure them out, because these questions are not only representative after being selected by the teacher, but also often comprehensively use and examine many knowledge points, which can play a role in covering one question. At ordinary times, you can constantly do some such comprehensive questions as a test of your review results since a stage. Physics review exercises, like mathematics, should focus on basic questions and have appropriate questions.

Wu Tianyu (student of Physics Department of Peking University)

This stage is usually a variety of exercises and papers, and a large number of exercises are dazzling. Where to go in the face of the "boundless sea of questions", usually everyone's methods are different, and the results are far from the same. If you blindly pursue the speed and quantity of doing problems, you will often fall into a deep predicament, but the effect is very shallow. Therefore, when doing the problem, you must not blindly be greedy, so as not to "bite off more than one can chew." On the one hand, people's energy is limited, but the ocean of problems is boundless, and it is obviously not advisable to be limited to infinity; On the other hand, it is not necessary. Having done a lot of problems, I left them aside and rushed to do other problems, which caused great psychological pressure on myself, and there was no guarantee that I would solve similar problems without making mistakes next time. After finishing some difficult problems and putting them aside, they will soon be forgotten, and those clever answers will lose their proper meaning. Therefore, it is not advisable to simply pursue quantity and aspire to read all the questions in the world. I think that the effectiveness of doing 100 similar problems is not necessarily better than solving the same problem with 100 methods (if possible); Doing a lot of meaningless questions is no better than doing a few valuable questions. The real efficiency of doing problems should be screening, choosing valuable typical problems, pondering over them repeatedly, thinking from different angles, extracting some thinking methods from them, making inferences, interacting with people and mastering some important problem-solving ideas skillfully.

Of course, it must be added that you must study science with your heart. Giving up the tactics of asking questions doesn't mean not doing proper exercises, because without proper exercises, you can't improve your computing ability and speed, and you can't exercise your quick response. If a person thinks that he can get the message at a glance and get good grades, it is really a misunderstanding of science learning, and there will only be one result, that is, he feels deja vu about a specific problem, and even he is glad that he has seen this problem but can't solve it accurately.

Now that I've made the above two points clear, I'd like to recommend an experience that the school recommended to us in the third year of high school, that is, setting the wrong question book, which I recommend to you now. The practice is to pick out the questions that you did wrong in each exam or self-test and write them down in a special book for review. I think this experience is really good, and I have benefited a lot myself. Repeated study of one's own mistakes can reveal one's weak knowledge structure and meticulous thinking method, and alarm bells will ring, which can better urge people to make continuous progress. Therefore, it is worth learning. However, perseverance is needed in the implementation process. In addition, I think it takes a lot of energy to extract all the wrong questions, which is sometimes difficult to do in intense review. Therefore, I suggest that you extract them selectively and only choose those fine products that are really valuable and worth seeing in the future. The word "essence" is very important.

Chu Jun (student of Peking University Technical Physics Department):

Physics, like chemistry, is also an experimental subject, but compared with chemistry, its theoretical part is much more important. Therefore, learning physics should also start with the most basic concepts and theories, especially for physical concepts. We should carefully explore the meaning of each word, and a slight mistake may lead to the opposite result. But physics is different from mathematics. After all, it is an experimental subject, and imagining the actual situation is sometimes very helpful to solve the problem. If you have the right physical scene in your mind, you will get twice the result with half the effort. So clear sketches sometimes become the key to solving problems. Physics is an experimental subject, which determines that every step of it does not need rigorous mathematical analysis, and sometimes it is easier to get the correct answer directly from the physical point of view. Middle school physics is divided into several parts, each part has its own emphasis and thinking method, but it remains basically the same. As long as you master the main points, physics problems are actually very easy to solve. In contrast, I think the most important thing is the mechanical part. Because in middle school physics, I think mechanics is the foundation of other parts. No matter which part of the problem is solved, it is almost inseparable from mechanics. Some difficult comprehensive problems are also the comprehensive problems of other parts and mechanics. So I think learning mechanics well is the key to learning middle school physics well. The mechanical problem-solving steps summarized by the teacher "first object, check force, analyze motion, formulate equation and test" are extremely incisive, and I almost use them to solve problems. My physics score is the best in all subjects, and it is also because I worked hard at the beginning and laid a good foundation, which made me feel relaxed in my future study. Experiments are also important. Before doing physics experiments, we should preview carefully, be bold and cautious when doing experiments, and finish the experiment report independently after doing experiments. This process can help you understand physical concepts more deeply, so as to achieve twice the result with half the effort. Physics not only has the strict deduction of mathematics, but also has the characteristics that experimental disciplines come from experiments. The two ways of thinking are integrated here, which can broaden our horizons and exercise our thinking. This is probably the biggest reason why I like physics!

Zhang Yali (student of Physics Department of Peking University)

Physics is recognized as the most difficult subject, because it is not only based on mathematics, but also requires students to have strong process analysis ability. To do physics problems, the first step is the analysis process. Only by analyzing the physical process clearly can the problem be further solved. If you don't know the ins and outs of it, then you can't continue to solve the problem at all. Even if you work out the result, it must be wrong. How can we analyze the process clearly? First of all, you should know that there are several major plates in physics, including mechanics, heat, electromagnetism, optics, acoustics and preliminary atomic theory, among which mechanics and electromagnetism are both important and difficult, so we must pay full attention to them. The topics of these two contents are particularly flexible and generally difficult to answer, and they account for a large proportion in the college entrance examination, which makes many students feel headache. In fact, as long as they master its laws, things will become easier. Mastering the law depends on the usual accumulation, especially when listening to the teacher's lecture, we should grasp his problem-solving ideas, compare them with our own ideas, see where our ideas are right and wrong, and constantly improve our ideas. Secondly, there are many comprehensive questions in the physics exam, so we need to contact the contents of several sections horizontally. Everyone may feel dizzy at the sight of this kind of problem, and always feel entangled, because there are too many contents involved and it is difficult to figure it out. In fact, when solving this kind of problem, we should pay attention to break down the complex process into several simple processes, and then answer these simple processes separately, so that the difficulty of the problem is reduced. Next, let's talk about the importance of drawing in the physics exam. Corresponding to a physical process, there must be a process diagram, so why don't we use graphics when analyzing the physical process? A clear process diagram can help us see the whole process more clearly, which can be said to be a magic weapon to solve physical problems. If we develop a good habit at ordinary times, every time we do a problem, the first step will be drawing, which will gradually become a habitual problem-solving step, thus enhancing your process analysis ability. Finally, we should pay attention to some seemingly simple and unnoticed concepts and theories in optics, acoustics and atomic theory. Although these things are simple, if you don't really understand their connotation, you will feel at a loss when you start to do the problem. Relatively speaking, this part is relatively easy to grade, and we can basically master it in a short time. Therefore, we are not stingy with the time we should spend and strive to ensure that there are no loopholes in our knowledge.