First, the different meanings of ancient and modern

1) Jin Wengong died, 2) Zheng people put me in charge of the North Gate, 3) the country got it, 4) Mu Gong visited Zhu Shu, 5) Zhu Shu's son and teacher, 6) Xiahou Gao's tomb, 7) Yue Wang took 300, 8) rude people took off, 9) Zheng Shang took advantage of Wei County on Saturday.1.

Second, the word polysemy

how

1) hit it and win a great victory (modal particles, no translation)

2) Jade Hand Gu Yan (also known as "here, there")

3) Why did you insult me (pronoun, they)

and

1) Diligence in doing nothing will go against your heart. And Wan Li Road, who doesn't know? (conjunction, in addition)

2) and let it report to Zheng (conjunction, and)

3) Death and immortality (adverb, will)

along with

1) Let the teacher attack far away (conjunction, equivalent to "er")

2) If you return to Qin, kill it to show your lack of ambition (conjunction, come)

3) Release Zuo Yi and give it to Meng Ming in public order (preposition, use, take).

4) And I won't use a thing (preposition, because) to cover up my virtue.

5) A widowed gentleman thinks that death is immortal (preposition, put)

that

1) and Wan Li road, who doesn't know? (Adverb, indicating rhetorical mood, isn't it)

2) if you can't attack, if you don't follow, you will retreat. (Adverb, meaning imperative, negotiating tone or)

3) Is it a dead king? (Adverb, indicating rhetorical mood, isn't it)

4) I saw the teacher leave, but I didn't see him come in. (pronoun, for the army)

5) My son took his elk (pronoun, there).

rule

1) light is no plan.

2) Qin is rude. Why? (Yes, adverbs, strengthen judgment)

3) Minister Chu Yang's father chased him, and the river was on the boat. (Originally already, adverb)

Third, the flexible use of parts of speech:

1, nouns as verbs:

(1) Since Ruoqiang Division: sending troops.

(2) Suidong in Qin Dynasty: set off eastward.

(3) Get off and walk.

(4) Zheng merchants string Gao Jiangcheng Week: doing business.

(5) Then, load the horse, exert strength, and prepare the horse: feed the forage.

(6) Ink-splitting rot: dyeing black

(7) ink burial Wen Gong: wear black clothes.

(8) Jin then began to ink: same as above.

(9) Chao, ask Qin prisoners: the court.

(10) Qin Bosu wears plain clothes.

(1 1) Five Blessingg forced to stop.

2. Nouns as adverbials:

(1) Qin Bosu goes to the suburbs to serve: in the suburbs.

3, adjectives as nouns:

(1) A distant country.

(2) escape: a dangerous place.

4. Verbs are used as nouns:

(1) Then, tie it up, sharpen the weapon, and groom the horse: load things.

5, conation usage:

(1) Qin did not lose me. ...

6. Use:

(1) Long-range attack: make ... tired.

(2) greed and diligence: it is difficult to make ...

He actually constructed our two monarchs: to make ... enemies.

(4) To show the ambition of widowhood: satisfaction ...

(5) Disobeying Uncle Jian and insulting Ersanzi: humiliation. ...

Fourth, exchange words:

(1) Beiling, where King Wen built the storm, is also called "Avoidance" and "Avoidance".

(2) Rest away from home: relax and rest.

(3) Widowed people are never tired of eating: eating "Hua" is enough.

(4) Falling into the army for a long time: the damage and destruction caused by "death"

(5) The benefit of the monarch and the minister is not to disturb the drum with the tired minister: pass on the "shackles" and bind the prison rope.

(6) Crying at home: spreading "fragrance"

Verb (abbreviation for verb) Special sentence patterns:

1, preposition object sentence: I don't know!

2. Attributive postsentence: Teacher Niu Twelve.

3. Postposition of prepositional structure:

(1) Depart outside the East Gate.

(2) Zheng merchants had a market in the Zhou Dynasty.

My son has been drowning in our city for a long time.

(4) Beat Teacher Qin in cooking.

(5) Return it to Qin.

[Edit this paragraph] Dredge sentences and discuss them in depth.

The first paragraph:

Key words: management, if, with, country, visit, all (in), its, Yan, and, monarch.

Flexible use of words: workers attack far away (overwork, make ... tired, use it; Zheng Guo and adjectives are used as nouns.

In the Qin Dynasty, the word of location was used as a verb in Sui Dong (facing east). )

1. How do you summarize this paragraph? (limited to one sentence)

This paper expounds the cause and decision-making process of the vegetable war, and emphatically introduces Uncle Qian's attitude and foresight towards this battle.

This paragraph is actually written in two scenes. Why a joke?

Uncle Qian is the most important figure in the two scenes of "Uncle Qian's admonition" and "Uncle Qian's crying teacher", which are combined into one paragraph to highlight Uncle Qian's views on this war. What does he have to say? What kind of ideological character can be seen from it?

(1) Uncle Qian advised Mu Gong.

1 "Never heard of it. The teacher was exhausted and the master came prepared. Is there anything wrong with it? "

It is difficult to travel long distances to steal the distant state of Zheng, and Zheng will be prepared.

2 "Zheng must know what the teacher is doing, and he is diligent and has nothing to do."

Zheng,,, smell, know useless, up and down, there must be a heart of disobedience.

3. "Who doesn't know about Wan Li Road?"

Note here; Although "who" is a general term, it actually refers to the state of Jin. The following "Jin imperial teachers must eat" can be proved.

It is said that when attacking Zheng, he will be ambushed by Kim.

Uncle Qian called for someone.

"I saw the teacher, but I didn't see him!"

Predict that Qin Jun will fail in this expedition.

(3) Uncle Qian sent his son away with tears in his eyes.

"Jin royal will be in the food. There are two tombs in the dish: Nanling tomb, the hougao tomb in summer; Its Beiling, the land where King Wen built the wind. Death is only a matter of time, and I am tired of it. "

It is further pointed out that the Jin army must ambush in Yao Di, and its expedition will end in failure.

Uncle Qian's three words show his steady, steady and far-sighted ideological character.

4. What is the purpose of Uncle Qian's three paragraphs? What's the difference in tone?

Directly and indirectly protested to Mu Gong, demanding that Qin Jun's wrong military actions be stopped. But for different speakers, their tone is different:

(1) remonstrate with Mu Gong: calmly analyze euphemism.

(2) Meng Ming crying: with a sigh.

(3) Zi: The tone is heavy and the affection is beyond words.

5. What's Qin Mugong's attitude? What kind of ideological character can you see from it?

Attitude: interview-resignation-starting a career-curse

Ideological character: ambitious, selfish and willful.

The second paragraph:

Key words: left and right, boneless, riding off.

Flexible words: escape from danger (danger, adjectives are used as nouns. )

1. This paragraph describes Wang's inspection. What did he think of Qin Jun who went to war? What is the reason?

Qin Jun will fail (say "failure" first, and then use the rhetorical question "Can you fail" to emphasize this meaning. )

Reason: (1) From the subjective point of view, it is "light is rude", "light is thoughtless, and rudeness is off".

(2) Objectively speaking, it is "in danger".

Wang can see the problem from the etiquette of getting on and off the bus, which is very insightful. Moreover, its inference is logical and can be established.

2. What role does this paragraph play in writing Wang's views on it?

Wang's view coincides with Uncle Jian's, which can be used as circumstantial evidence of the debate between Uncle Jian. Wang, who is "still young", is knowledgeable, which is in sharp contrast to his old age but lost his judgment because of his ambition.

The third paragraph:

Key words: plan, implement, first, engage, live, be neat, be neat,.

Modest words, gentle words: widowed gentleman, our city, dare, not shy.

1. What countermeasures did Zhengshang Institute take when it met? What kind of ideological character does this show him?

Countermeasure: (1) teach. He dressed up as an emissary of Zheng State to reward Qin Jun, indicating that Zheng State already knew about Qin Jun's sneak attack attempt.

(2) "Complain to Zheng". Send someone back to Zheng immediately to report the enemy.

Ideological and moral character: love the country, calm and witty, good at rhetoric.

2. What role does this description play in the article?

(1) confirms Uncle Jian's statement: "Zheng must know what a teacher does."

(2) It shows that the internal unity of Zheng State means that Qin Jun's attack on Zheng State will not succeed.

The fourth paragraph:

Key words: dependence, then, drowning, only existence, how.

Flexible use of words: make the emperor's military speech (speech, nouns used as verbs. )

Leisure in our city (leisure, rest and use of motivation)

1. What does this paragraph mainly say?

Zheng Guo took decisive measures to eliminate the hidden trouble as Qin Jun's internal affairs. Huang Wuzi's speech, in fact, is a euphemism to the seven sons and others under the marching orders.

2. What was the result of Wu Zidi's speech?

(1) Qi Ziran Qi, Sun Feng and Sun Yangran Song.

(2) Stop attacking Zheng and "run away".

3. What does Meng Ming's words prove and what does it mean?

It is confirmed by the first paragraph of Uncle Jian's discussion on "Stay away from home and get ready". Facts have proved that Uncle Jian is far-sighted and unpredictable.

The fifth paragraph:

Key words: service, verticality, suffering, giving, seeking, revival, resistance, victory.

Use words flexibly: Be diligent (make ... work hard and make use of it. )

Then bury Wen Gong in ink (wearing black mourning clothes, adjectives as verbs. )

1. How many meanings does this paragraph contain? What is the main writing?

Two meanings: (1) describes in detail the fierce debate between Yuan Zhen and Luan Zhi about whether to attack Qin Jun.

② Briefly describe the situation and results of the Battle of Qin Jin.

It is mainly about the former, so this passage can be called "Yuan Debate" or "Yuan Dou Qin"

2. What are the views and reasons of Yuan Qi and Luan Zhi?

Hala: War. "Qin didn't listen to Uncle Jian, but he was greedy for the benefit of the people and blessed me."

Luan Zhi: No war. "Is it a dead king to behead his teacher without reporting to Qin Shihuang?"

3. How did Hara refute the other side's point of view? What kind of ideological character can be seen from the "original debate"

The original refuted it from both positive and negative aspects:

(1) refutes the "Qin Dynasty" mentioned by Luan Zhi. Luan Zhi is talking about the relationship with Qin Jin in the past, while Yuan Zhen is talking about the relationship with Qin Jin now.

(2) It shows that ambushing Qin Jun does not violate the will of the "dead king".

Ideological and moral character, honest and frank, honest and argumentative.

Paragraph 6:

Key words: please, sincerity, construction, show, arrest, original, temporary, exemption, care, interpretation, benefit, gift, kowtow, tired minister, trouble drum, immortality.

Honorable words and honorifics: Jun, shame.

1. What does this paragraph say about "Golden Stone and Three Handsome Men"? What's the problem?

Three things: (1) Vincent, please release Sanshuai.

(2) the original chiu angrily condemned Jin Xiang's release of "Qin prisoners".

(3) Chu Yang's father failed to pursue Meng Ming and others.

It reflects that although Jin won in the "Battle of Kan", there were many internal contradictions and discord between the monarch and the minister, which indicated that the hegemony was far from over.

2. What kind of ideological character can be seen from the performance of the original opposition to "longitudinal imprisonment"?

Loyalty, integrity, recklessness and rudeness.

Paragraph 7:

Keywords: substitution, substitution, substitution.

Verb: Qin Bosu is dressed in plain clothes and nouns are used as verbs. )

Humiliate two or three sons (shame ...).)

1. What words and deeds did Qin Mugong write in this paragraph and what kind of ideological character did he show?

Good: "I cried when I served in the suburbs." "Not for Meng Ming".

Someone said, "It is also a crime of loneliness to disobey Uncle Jian and humiliate the second and third sons." "Solitary too, what crime did the doctor commit? Fifth, don't use a cup to hide your virtue. "

Ideological and moral character: don't whitewash mistakes, blame yourself, and learn from failures.

2. What is the function of this paragraph in the whole article in terms of content and structure?

Content: In the last paragraph, Qin Mugong finally repented, realized that Uncle Jian's judgment and analysis were correct, and pointed out the reasons for Qin's failure, thus revealing the gist of the full text.

Structure: "Qin Bo's Weeping Man" echoes the first paragraph "Uncle Jian's Weeping Man" at a distance, which makes the whole article confused.