1. has a bad influence on ideology, culture and literati ethos: literati write books not to study problems, but to make a living. Making a fuss about reading is fatal, so the reader has to lose his mind, lose his integrity, get away from reality and devote all his energy to reciting the four books and five classics. 2. The literary inquisition corrupted the official atmosphere: most officials of the Qing Dynasty passed the imperial examination, and as literati, they may become victims of the literary inquisition; As bureaucrats, they are also the makers and accomplices of the literary inquisition; 3. Literary inquisition has seriously restricted people's thoughts, wisdom and creativity, and made scholars understand and: Don't talk about state affairs. What does the literary inquisition in Qing Dynasty mean? Literary inquisition is "a curse because of words" In the feudal society of China for more than 2,000 years, literary inquisitions emerged one after another. Since Qin Shihuang "burned books to bury Confucianism", there have been major literary inquisitions in Han, Tang, Song and Ming dynasties. Early Qing dynasty. Ethnic contradictions are very sharp. After the Qing rulers entered the Central Plains, they were very afraid of people's resistance, especially * * *, and paid special attention to strengthening feudal autocratic rule, so the literary inquisition was more serious in the Qing Dynasty. According to incomplete statistics, during the so-called prosperous three generations of Kang, Yong and Gan 130 years, there were as many as 108 literary prisons, of which nearly 4|D were built between 43 years (1778) and 47 years (1782) in Qianlong. The larger literary inquisitions in Qing Dynasty are: the case of Ming History in Kangxi Zhuang and the case of Nanshan Collection; During the Yongzheng period, Wang's On the Western Expedition and Lu's Zi Zhi Tong Jian; The case of Hu Zhongzao's "Jian Mo Shi Sheng Banknotes" during the Qianlong period, etc.
The literary inquisition in Qing Dynasty covered a wide area and involved many people. Not only the closest relatives, whether they know each other or not, always sit together, and anyone who has had any direct or indirect relationship with it will be implicated. Often a case involves hundreds of people, involving seven or eight provinces, and some cases have been delayed for decades from sentencing to final closure. Those involved will be severely punished, at least, they will go to jail and be exiled as slaves. Most of them will be beheaded, even the dead will not be spared, and they will have to open coffins for autopsy. Create a gloomy social and psychological atmosphere. As a result, the literary inquisition stifled public opinion, bound the mind, stifled the generation and spread of the concept of social progress, hindered the prosperity of academic thought and culture, made social reality a forbidden area, and seriously hindered the people of China from learning and drawing lessons from the world's advanced culture. What are the characteristics of the literary inquisition in Qing Dynasty? 1. From the purpose of its rise, the literary inquisition in the Qing Dynasty was that the rulers of the Qing Dynasty extracted words from their works to accuse Luo Zhi in order to prevent and suppress the resistance of intellectuals and * * *, which constituted an unfair imprisonment to safeguard their feudal rule.
2. From the perspective of duration, the literary inquisition in Qing Dynasty ran through the whole Qing Dynasty for about 250 years. The peak period began in Shunzhi and lasted for more than 40 years/kloc-0.
3. Judging from the causes of the outbreak, except for a few things, the vast majority of literary prisons in Qing Dynasty are groundless and purely unjust.
4. From the scope of attack, the literary inquisition in Qing Dynasty not only targeted at Han people, but also involved Manchu people. Judging from a series of written cases, most of the people involved were lower-class literati, literary youth, old scholars, and even some people in the tombs who had already died were not spared.
5. From the stylistic format, the most common word in literary inquisition is poetry; Secondly, the common "words" are articles. Collecting articles into a book is a collection of works; Another kind of "writing" that is easy to get into trouble is history books.
In the Qing Dynasty, the word "Zi" was also written as a literary prison, such as examination questions, diaries, manuscripts, placards, tables, family rules, genealogy, county records, inscriptions, epitaphs, plaques, submissions, copybooks, dictionaries, wooden stamps and so on.
6. From the perspective of persecution, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty encouraged officials to tell each other, mobilized state forces to seize property, looked for clues to conviction, and looked for so-called criminal evidence in books and articles. Crime is caused by the distorted interpretation of words by power figures, and evidence is also caused by the distorted interpretation of words by power figures
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The harm of literary inquisition in Qing dynasty
1, which has a bad influence on ideology, culture and literati atmosphere. Gong Zizhen famously said, "I am afraid of hearing the literary inquisition, and writing a book is only for fanfan." When I heard the literary inquisition in my speech, I was so scared that I immediately hid. Scholars make a living by writing books and dare not express their opinions. This is a true portrayal of the consequences of the literary inquisition in the Qing Dynasty.
Reading and writing are always in trouble, so scholars have to lose their thoughts and integrity, or stick to stereotyped writing and recite the teachings of Confucius, Mencius and Zhu Cheng in order to enter the imperial examination. Or stay away from sensitive academic fields and reality and devote all your energy to exegesis and textual research, which is called the study of Ganjia in history.
2. The literary inquisition corrupted the official atmosphere. Most officials in the Qing dynasty passed the imperial examination. As a scholar, it is possible to become a victim of the literary inquisition, as a bureaucrat, it is also a maker or accomplice of the literary inquisition. On the one hand, honest officials are unwilling to touch the net and die; On the other hand, I don't want to be convicted because I didn't effectively execute the emperor's imperial edict and couldn't strictly investigate the responsibility of writing. Some local officials regard finding taboo words as a way to win trust.
3. It caused social terror and destroyed talents. Many intellectuals are afraid to ask about politics, which imprisons their thoughts and seriously hinders the development and progress of China society.