Introduction to Zhuge Liang

Think of retreating before your body rises.

When you succeed, you should remember the past words.

Only because of the former master Ding Ning,

The stars fell in the autumn wind in Wuzhangyuan.

——"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms"

Zhuge Liang (181.4.14 ~ 234.8.28), courtesy name Kongming, nickname Wolong, Langxie Yangdu (now Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong Province) Han nationality, an outstanding politician and military theorist during the Three Kingdoms period. Prime Minister of Shu Han Dynasty. His posthumous title is Zhongwuhou.

Personal information of Zhuge Liang (played by Tang Guoqiang) in the TV series "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms"

Physique: Eight feet long (approximately 1.84 meters), appearance is very majestic, and he is different from the people of his time (from Chen Shou's "On Zhuge Liang's Collection List", see the appendix of "Three Kingdoms: Zhuge Liang's Biography")

Official position: Prime Minister, Sili Xiaowei, Yizhou Mulu, Shangshu's personal leave holiday

Title: Wuxiang Hou

Ancestor: Zhuge Feng (Sili Xiaowei of the Han Dynasty)

Father: Zhuge Gui (Cheng of Taishan County in the late Eastern Han Dynasty)

Mother: Zhang< /p>

Uncle: Zhuge Xuan

Spouse: Huang Yueying

Brothers: Zhuge Jin (brother) Zhuge Jun (brother)

Children: Zhuge Zhan (parent and son) Zhuge Qiao (adopted son, actually the son of his eldest brother Zhuge Jin) Zhuge Huai Zhuge Guo (daughter)

Grandson; Zhuge Shang (looking at the eldest son) Zhuge Jing (looking at the second son) Zhuge Pan (looking at the son of Qiao) Later, because Zhuge Ke was convicted and his entire family was executed, he returned to Zhuge Jin’s family)

Great-grandson: Zhuge Xian (Panzi)

Gong plowed Nanyang

< p>In the second year of Jian'an (197 AD), Zhuge Xuan died of illness. Zhuge Liang and his younger brother were farming in Longzhong. Zhuge Liang always missed Liang Fuyin and often compared himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi. People at that time did not think highly of him. Only his friends Xu Shu, Cui Zhouping, Meng Jian and Shi Tao believed in his talents. Known as "Wolong". He had friendships with Sima Hui, Pang Degong, Huang Chengyan and other famous celebrities in Jingzhou at that time. Huang Chengyan once said to Zhuge Liang: "I heard that you are choosing a wife; I have an ugly girl with yellow hair and black hair, but her talents match her. You match.)" Zhuge Liang agreed to the marriage and married her immediately. People at that time used it as a joke, and there was even a proverb in the countryside: "Don't be like Kong Ming when choosing a wife, or you will get an ugly girl like A Cheng."

Longzhong's answer

At that time , Liu Bei attached himself to Liu Biao and stationed troops in new areas. Later, when I visited Sima Hui, I heard him say: "Confucian scholars and laymen, how can they know the current affairs when they look at the thatched cottage? Those who know the current affairs are the heroes. There are crouching dragons and phoenix chicks here. (Those Confucian scholars are all people with little knowledge, how can they understand the current world At this time, only Wolong (Zhuge Liang) and Feng Chu (Pang Tong) are the heroes." Later, he was recommended by Xu Shu and wanted to introduce him to him, but Xu Shu said: "This person. You can go see this person, but don't condescend to him. The general should go and see him in vain. (The general should condescend to visit him.)” He went to visit him and only saw Zhuge Liang after three visits (he said he saw him all three times). Liu Bei asked others to stay away and asked Zhuge Liang: "The Han Dynasty has fallen, traitors have stolen their lives, and the Lord has been covered in dust. I can't live up to my virtue." He is willing to believe in the righteousness of the world, but his wisdom and skills are short-lived, so he uses it rampantly. As of today, the ambition is still there, so you think the plan will be safe? I lost my power. I didn't measure my own virtue and ability, and I wanted to revive the world with great justice, but my wisdom and strategies were short and insufficient, so I often failed. However, my ambition has not calmed down yet. Do you have any strategies to help me? Liang replied: "Since the arrival of Dong Zhuo, there have been countless heroes who have joined forces across the state. Compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao is a little famous and outnumbered. However, Cao Cao can defeat Shao and defeat the strong with the weak." However, due to the time of heaven, it is also the plan of man. Today, Cao has gathered millions of people to control the emperor and command the princes. Sun Quan has held Jiangdong for three generations. , this can be used for reinforcements but not for capture. Jingzhou controls Han and Mian in the north, controls the South China Sea, connects Wuhui in the east, and connects Bashu in the west. This is a land for military use, but its owner cannot defend it. This is a land given by God to the general. General, what do you think? Yizhou is a dangerous place with thousands of miles of fertile land. Gaozu became an emperor because of it. Liu Zhang was weak, Zhang Lu was in the north, the people were rich and the country was rich, but they didn't know how to care for the soldiers and civilians. Therefore, smart people want to know the wise king.

A general is a member of the emperor's family. He has integrity all over the world, takes charge of heroes, and is thirsty for talents. If there are thorns and thorns across the road, he will protect the rocks and obstacles. He will unite with the Rong in the west, support the Yiyue and Yue in the south, tie up with Sun Quan on the outside, and cultivate political principles on the inside. When there is a change in the world, order a general to lead the army of Jingzhou to Wan and Luo, and the general will lead the people of Yizhou out of Qinchuan. Who among the people dare not to eat pots of pulp to meet the general? If this is the case, hegemony can be achieved and the Han Dynasty can flourish. If the general wants to achieve hegemony, he should let Cao Cao occupy the time in the north, and let Cao Cao occupy the advantage in the south. The general can occupy people and people. "(Zhuge Liang then presented to him the plan of dividing the world into three parts, and analyzed the situation in which Cao Cao was unavailable and Sun Quan could come to his aid. He also elaborated on the cowardice of the monarchs of Jing and Yi states. Only by possessing these two states can we win. That is to say, it explained the necessity and possibility of capturing the two states; it also told Liu Bei the strategy of attacking the Central Plains. This discussion was later called Longzhong Dui (Longzhong is still controversial, one said Caolu Dui). , and Liu Bei praised him even more after hearing this, so Zhuge Liang began to serve Liu Bei. Liu Bei often discussed with him, and their relationship became increasingly close. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others were very unhappy. Liu Bei explained to them: "There is Kong Ming alone." , just like a fish with water. Please don’t say anything more. (I have Kong Ming, just like a fish gets water, I hope you will stop talking.)" Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others stopped complaining.

Crossing the River to Talk

At that time Due to the influence of Liu Qi's stepmother, Liu Biao gradually became dissatisfied with Liu Qi. Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang several times for advice on how to stabilize himself. Then he asked Liu Qi: "Don't you see that Shen Sheng is in danger inside, but Chong'er is safe outside?" (Don't you see that in the Spring and Autumn Period, Shen Sheng was in danger, but Chong'er was safe outside?)" Liu Qi understood what he meant, and just as Huang Zu was killed by Sun Jun, Liu Qi recommended him as the governor of Jiangxia.

In August 208, Liu Biao died of illness, and his second son Liu Cong succeeded him. Hearing the news of Cao Cao's move south, he sent his envoys to surrender. After Liu Bei learned about it in Fancheng, he led his army and people to flee south. Cao Jun caught up with Liu at Changban in Dangyang. Xu Shu's mother was captured by Cao Cao's army, and Xu Shu had to surrender to Cao Cao. Liu Bei arrived at Xiakou, and Sun Quan had sent Lu Su to observe the situation and suggested to Liu Bei that he ask Sun Quan for help. Zhuge Liang then recommended himself to Chaisang to speak. He then became friends with Lu Su. After arriving at Chaisang, Zhuge Liang met with Sun Quan and first gave Sun Quan two choices: "If the people of Wu and Yue can compete with China, it is better to defeat them early." If the people of Wu and Yue are fighting against the Central Plains country, it is better to break off diplomatic relations with Cao Cao as soon as possible)"; another option is to provoke the generals, "If you can't do it, why not put up your armor and attack from the north! (If you think you can't resist, why not stop military operations and surrender to the north! "North" here has a double meaning: one is that Cao Cao was in the north at the time; the other is that when the monarch and his ministers meet, the ministers usually face the north.)"

Sun Quan asked Zhuge Liang why Liu Bei didn't surrender. Zhuge Liang then raised Liu Bei's status and said that Liu Bei had integrity and would never surrender to show Sun Quan Liu Bei's determination. Sun Quan was furious and vowed not to surrender to Cao Cao. , but he was worried about how many troops Liu Bei still had to fight. Zhuge Liang finally analyzed the situation of the two armies. First, he said that there were tens of thousands of soldiers returning from the army and Guan Yu's navy, and there were no less than ten thousand soldiers from Jiangxia including Liu Qifan. Cao Cao's army came from afar and was exhausted. When chasing Liu Bei, he used light cavalry to travel more than 300 miles in a day and a night. It was "the end of the strong crossbow and the force could not penetrate Lu Zhen"; and the northerners were not used to water warfare, and the people of Jingzhou were forced to obey. Cao Cao was not convinced; in the end, he was sure that Cao Cao could be defeated. Sun Quan was very happy. Later, he was persuaded by Lu Su and Zhou Yu and decided to join forces with Liu to fight against Cao Cao. He sent Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu, Lu Su and others to lead 30,000 naval troops. Cao Cao went to war. Zhuge Liang followed his army back to Liu Bei. In November, Cao Cao was defeated in Chibi and returned to the north.

After the Battle of Chibi, he returned to the north. In the same month, Liu Bei pacified the four counties in Jingnan and appointed Zhuge Liang as the military advisor. He lived in Linxian and supervised the three counties of Lingling, Guiyang and Changsha. He was responsible for adjusting taxes and replenishing military resources. In 211, Yizhou Mu Liu Zhang sent the law. Liu Bei was asked to assist Zhang Lu. Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others guarded Jingzhou. By December of the next year, Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang and attacked Chengdu. Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others went to Shu to help, leaving Guan Yu in charge of Jingzhou's defense. , divided his troops to pacify various counties, and together with Liu Bei, he surrounded Chengdu. In 214, Liu Zhang surrendered and Liu Bei took control of Yizhou.

Zhuge Liang received five hundred catties of gold, one thousand catties of silver, fifty million yuan, and one thousand brocades. He was appointed as a military advisor general and assigned to the left general's office.

Whenever Liu Bei sent troops to conquer, Zhuge Liang was responsible for guarding Chengdu and providing Liu Bei with enough food and troops. For example, in the Battle of Hanzhong, he provided financial support for Liu Bei. In 220, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and established itself. In 221, when the ministers heard the news that Emperor Xian of Han had been killed, they persuaded Liu Bei, who had become the king of Hanzhong, to ascend the throne as emperor. Liu Bei refused, so Zhuge Liang used the story of Geng Chun to persuade Liu Xiu to ascend the throne to persuade Liu Bei. So Liu Bei agreed and appointed Zhuge Liang as the prime minister to record the affairs of the ministers during the holidays. In the same year, Zhang Fei died, and Zhuge Liang took over the post of Sili Xiaowei.

Tuogu

In August 222, the White Emperor Tuogu Liu Bei was defeated on the way to recapture Jingzhou in the Eastern Expedition and retreated to Yong'an. Zhuge Liang sighed that it was a pity that Fazheng had passed away, otherwise he would have been able to stop it. Liu Bei's Eastern Expedition. By February 223, Liu Bei was seriously ill and summoned Zhuge Liang to Yong'an to take care of the funeral arrangements with Li Yan. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang: "Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi. You will surely be able to secure the country and finalize major events. If your heir can assist, I will assist him." ; If he is not talented, you can take it yourself. (Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you will definitely be able to settle the country and achieve great things. If the heir (Liu Chan) can help, then help him; if he has no talent, you can do it yourself. Zhuge Liang burst into tears and said, "I dare to use all my strength to repay my loyalty to Zhen until my death!" Liu Bei also asked Liu Chan and his other sons to regard Zhuge Liang as their father.

It was postponed to April, Liu Bei died, Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, made Zhuge Liang the Marquis of Wuxiang, and opened official offices. Soon, Liu Chan took over the post of Yizhou Mu again. Liu Chan relied on Zhuge Liang for all political matters, big and small, and was decided by Zhuge Liang. Originally, the Nanzhong area took the opportunity to rebel due to Liu Bei's defeat. Zhuge Liang did not send troops because the country had just lost its monarch, and instead sent Deng Zhi and Chen Zhen to Soochow to repair it.

Southern Expedition

Until the spring of 225, Zhuge Liang led his army to the south. Before leaving, Liu Chan gave Zhuge Liang a golden axe, one with a curved cover, and one for the front and rear Yu Bao drums. There are sixty people in Huben. Later, Zhuge Liang went deep into the barren land (idiom: Bare is today's northern border of Myanmar) to attack Yong Kai and Meng Huo. Zhuge Liang adopted Ma Su's suggestion of joining the army and focused on attacking the heart. He first defeated Yong Kai's army, and then captured and manipulated Meng Huo seven times. In the autumn, all chaos was put down (see Zhuge Liang's Southern Expedition for details). After the Shu Han settled in Nanzhong and obtained a certain supply of troops, after a long period of accumulation, it had the foundation for the Northern Expedition.

Northern Expedition

Six Expeditions from Qishan

1. In the spring of the sixth year of Jianxing (228), Zhuge Liang raised his voice in advance to take the diagonal valley road to capture the camp, and asked Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi to set up suspicious troops. Attracting Cao Zhen's heavy troops, he led an army to attack Qishan (northwest of Xihe County, Gansu). The three counties of Nan'an, Tianshui and Anding in Longyou rebelled against Wei and attached themselves to Shu. Zhang He refused and defeated Ma Su in the street pavilion. Zhuge Liang drove more than a thousand families in Xi County back to Hanzhong. This is my first time out of Qishan.

2. In the winter of the same year (228), Zhuge Liang went out of Sanguan (southwest of Baoji City, Shaanxi) to surround Chencang (east of Baoji City). He ran out of food and returned to Hanzhong. Wei general Wang Shuang came to pursue him and was beheaded.

3. In the spring of the seventh year of Jianxing (229), Zhuge Liang sent Chen Shi to attack Wudu (surrounding Chengxian County, Gansu Province) and Yinping (surrounding Wenxian County, Gansu Province) counties. Guo Huai, the governor of Yongzhou, led troops to rescue him. Liang came out to Jianwei (west of Xihe County, Gansu Province), and Guo Huai retreated. Then he got two counties.

4. In the autumn of the eighth year of Jianxing (230), the Wei army attacked Hanzhong in three directions. Sima Yi took Xicheng (northwest of Ankang County, Shaanxi Province), Zhang He took Ziwu Valley, and Cao Zhen took Xie Valley. Zhuge Liang stationed troops in Chenggu (east of Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province) and Akasaka (twenty miles east of Yang County, Shaanxi Province). It rained heavily for more than thirty days, and the Wei army retreated. In the same year (230), Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan and Wu Yi west into the Qiangzhong, and defeated Wei Hou General Fei Yao (Yao) and Yongzhou Governor Guo Huai in Yangxi (in Nan'an County, southwest of Wushan, Gansu Province).

5. In February of the ninth year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang led his army to attack Qishan and began to use wooden oxen to transport it. At that time, Cao Zhen was seriously ill, and Sima Yi, the commander-in-chief of Guanzhong, refused to go out. Zhuge Liang was cutting wheat in Shanggui (Tianshui County, Gansu Province). Sima Yi pursued Liang to Lucheng (between Tianshui City and Gangu) and dug a camp to defend himself. He was ridiculed as "fearing Shu as much as fearing a tiger". In May, Sima Yi and Zhuge Liang fought. Wei Yan and other generals captured the enemy's 3,000-level armor, 5,000 mysterious armor leaders, and 3,100 horned crossbows. In June, Li Yan asked Liang to return due to lack of food transportation. Zhang He chased Liang and retreated to the wooden gate, where he was shot to death by an arrow. This is the second trip out of Qishan.

6. In February of the twelfth year of Jianxing (234), Zhuge Liang led his army out of Xiegu Road and settled in Weibin according to Wugong Wuzhangyuan (south of Qishan, Shaanxi Province). Sima Yi couldn't get out. In August, Zhuge Liang died in Wuzhangyuan. Yang Yi and others led the army back, and there was an incident of "Zhuge died and Zhongda was resurrected".

Of these six military campaigns, only two were sent out of Qishan. The fourth use of troops was for defense, and Shu and Wei did not fight.

[Edit this paragraph] Chronology of Zhuge Liang

Age, life and deeds

Guanghe 4 years, 181 years, 1 year old, 181 AD, April of the lunar calendar Zhuge Liang was born on the 14th in Langye Yangdu (now Yinan County, Shandong).

In the 6th year of Zhongping (189), at the age of 9, Zhuge Liang’s biological mother Zhang passed away.

In the 3rd year of Chuping, 192, at the age of 12, Zhuge Liang's father Zhuge Gui passed away.

In 194, the first year of Xingping, at the age of 14, Zhuge Liang, his younger brother Zhuge Jun and his younger sister were adopted by their uncle Zhuge Xuan. His older brother Zhuge Jin went to Jiangdong with his stepmother.

In 195, the 2nd year of Xingping, at the age of 15, Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan was appointed as the governor of Yuzhang. He and his younger siblings went to Yuzhang (now Nanchang) with his uncle.

In 197, the second year of Jian'an, Zhuge Xuan died of illness at the age of 17. Zhuge Liang and his siblings moved to Xiangyang (today's Xiangfan, Hubei)

Jian'an 4th year 199 19 years old Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu and others studied under Mr. Shui Jing Sima Hui.

In 207, the 12th year of Jian'an, at the age of 27, Liu Bei went to Xiangyang (today's Xiangfan, Hubei Province) to visit the thatched cottage three times. Zhuge Liang said to Liu Bei, "Longzhong is right". Then he came out to assist Liu Bei.

In the 13th year of Jian'an, 208, 28 years old, Zhuge Liang went to Soochow as an envoy to persuade Sun Quan, the leader of Wu, to resist Cao Cao.

In 209, the 14th year of Jian'an, at the age of 29, Zhuge Liang was appointed as the military advisor Zhonglang General.

Jian'an 16 years 211 years 31 years old Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Zhao Yun guarded Jingzhou.

In the 19th year of Jian'an (214), at the age of 34, Zhuge Liang left Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou, and divided his forces with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun to join forces with Liu Bei. Liu Bei captured Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed military advisor general and assigned to General Zuo's office.

In the 20th year of Jian'an (215 years), at the age of 35, Zhuge Liang rectified the internal affairs of Bashu.

In the 23rd year of Jian'an, 218 years, 38 years old, Zhuge Liang stayed in Bashu to supply Liu Bei who was fighting in Hanzhong.

In 221, the first year of Shu Zhangwu, at the age of 41, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, and the country was named "Han". It was called Shu Han or Shu in history. Zhuge Liang was appointed prime minister.

In 223, the first year of Shu Jianxing, at the age of 43, Liu Bei defeated Baidi City and left Yong'an alone in Zhuge Liang. After Liu Bei's death, Liu Chan ascended the throne and granted Zhuge Liang the title of Marquis of Wuxiang and the leadership of Yizhou as pastoralist.

2 years after the founding of Shu, 224, 44 years old, Zhuge Liang adjusted the internal affairs of Bashu.

In the 3rd year of the founding of Shu, 225 years and 45 years old, Zhuge Liang led his army to conquer the south and pacified the southern barbarians.

In 227, the 5th year of the founding of Shu, at the age of 47, Zhuge Liang wrote in the "Departure List" and stationed troops in Hanzhong for the Northern Expedition.

In 228, the 6th year of the founding of Shu, at the age of 48, Zhuge Liang killed Jieting during the Northern Expedition. Zhuge Liang killed Ma Su and demoted himself to the right general to act as prime minister.

In 229, the 7th year of the founding of Shu, at the age of 49, Zhuge Liang made another northern expedition, captured Wudu and Yinping, and restored his position as prime minister.

In the 8th year of the founding of Shu, 230 years and 50 years old, Zhuge Liang made another northern expedition.

In the 9th year of the founding of Shu, 231 AD, at the age of 51, Zhuge Liang made a northern expedition to Qishan, defeated the Wei army, and ambushed the famous Wei general Zhang He at Mumen.

In the 11th year of the founding of Shu (233 AD), at the age of 53, Zhuge Liang built a pavilion in Xiegu to gather grain.

In the 12th year of the founding of Shu, in 234, at the age of 54, Zhuge Liang made another northern expedition. He died of illness in Wuzhangyuan due to overwork.

[Edit this paragraph] Historical evaluation

Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms": Zhuge Liang was the prime minister of the country, caring for the people, showing rituals, appointing officials, obeying authority, and being sincere. Deliver justice; those who are loyal and beneficial will be rewarded even if they are punished; those who break the law and neglect will be punished, even if they are close friends; those who admit guilt and lose love will be released, even if they are serious; those who use rhetoric and rhetoric will be killed, even if they are light; good deeds will not be rewarded if they are insignificant, and evil will be punished if they are insignificant. Don't belittle; be refined in common affairs, stick to the basics of physics, follow the name and fulfill the responsibilities, disdain hypocrisy; end up in the country, fear but love, although the punishment and administration are harsh, but have no resentment, because of their calm intentions, they can give clear warnings. It can be said that he is a talented person who knows how to govern, and Guan and Xiao are inferior to each other. However, he has been trying to mobilize the masses for many years without success, so he must adapt to the general strategy and it is not his strength!

"Yuan Zi": If the law is strictly enforced, the people of the country will be satisfied with it, and if the people do their best, they will not complain. His soldiers come in and out like guests, and they are not invaders. Those who eat grass and grass do not hunt, just like in the country. The way he uses his troops is to stop like a mountain and advance and retreat like the wind. When the troops are sent out, the world is shaken, but the people's hearts are not worried. In the decades since Liang's death, the people of the country have been thinking about it, just like the Zhou people thought about summoning the duke. Confucius said, "Yong can also make the south face", Zhuge Liang has this.

Liu Bei: "There is a hole in a solitary person, just like a fish in water. I hope you will not say anything more." "Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you will surely be able to secure the country and settle major events. If your heir can assist you, If he is not talented, you can take it yourself."

Sima Hui: "How do Confucian scholars know the current affairs? Those who know the current affairs are the heroes."

p>

Meng Huo: "My lord, God is so powerful that the southerners will never rebel."

Jia Xu: "Zhuge Liang is good at governing the country."

Liu Ye: " Zhuge Liang is wise in governing and is the prime minister."

Xu Shu said: "This person can be seen, but he should not be ignored." "Zhuge Kongming is also a lying dragon."

Zhang Yi: "Rewards should not be far away, punishment should not be close, no title should be obtained without merit, and punishment should not be avoided by high power. This is why the wise and the foolish forget their own bodies."

< p>Yang Hong: "The Western soil has served Zhuge Liang to the best of his ability."

Ma Liang: "My dear brother, I should praise the world as expected, and your career will bring glory to the country, and your fortune will be far-reaching. I will use Yalu." , review the importance of the wise, and use simple talents to suit the time. If it is harmonious and joyful, and the virtue is heaven and earth, it makes the time close to the listener, and the world obeys the Tao, and the noble and wonderful voices are harmonious, and the voices of Zheng and Wei are harmonious. It is beneficial to things, and there is no need to compete with others. This is the perfection of orchestral music, the harmony of teeth and openness."

Fan Jian: "When you hear evil, you will change it, and you will not be cautious about your mistakes. You should trust the gods in rewards and punishments. "

Zhang Wen: "However, when Zhuge Liangda saw the calculation, he must have known that God was concerned about Qu Shen's advisability, and he would receive the favor of the imperial court. There is no doubt that he would like to promote Liang."

< p>Sima Yi: "He is truly a genius in the world!"

Yang Xi's "Praise to the Assistant Ministers of the Han Dynasty" praised Prime Minister Zhuge: "He is loyal and brave, he offers advice by the riverside, and he climbs Wu, Lianshu, and has the power to be true in our world. Accept it." After leaving Aheng, he improved his martial arts and culture, applied moral education, changed his philosophy and changed his style, and the wise and foolish competed with each other. He forgot his body and was born in a peaceful country. His four descendants were Sui, who repeatedly visited the enemy's court and showed off his power. He studied the power of the country and hated it. "Yu Weiyi." "Fu Qian: "Zhuge Liang knows how to manage changes, and he is wise and strategic." Guo Chong: "Jin. Chengguo Chong thought that he had great power and wisdom, but his achievements were not fulfilled. The commentators were confused. If the five things of Liang were hidden from the world, they would not be able to recover. King Fufeng was generous and good at Chong. p>

Liu Chan issued an edict: "Ma Su was to blame for the Battle of Jieting, but the king offended him, deeply devalued himself, violated the king's wishes again, and obeyed his command. The year before last, the army was honored, and Wang Shuang was killed; this year, Yuan During the expedition, Guo Huai fled; he surrendered the Di and Qiang, revived the two counties, and the powerful town was ferocious, and his achievements were obvious. Fang was harassing the people today, and Yuan was evil. The king received a great responsibility and was responsible for the country. However, he has been doing harm to himself for a long time. This is not the reason. The glory is great. Now that I have returned to you as the Prime Minister, I will not resign you. " "But you are talented in civil and military affairs, wise and sincere, and you have been entrusted by me to assist me. I will continue to prosper and stabilize the chaos. Master, he has been fighting for many years, his power is impressive, he has great power in the eight wastelands, he will make great achievements in Jihan, and he will participate in the great achievements of Yi and Zhou. How can I not mourn him when he is defeated by the sudden illness? The liver and heart are split. The husband respects virtue and prefaces his merits, and records his fate and posthumous title. Therefore, it will be immortalized in the future. Today, I envoy Chijie Zuozhonglang General Du Qiong to present you with the seal ribbon of the Marquis of Wuxiang, the Prime Minister, and posthumously title you the Marquis of Zhongwu. The soul has spirit, Jiazi favors it. Alas! Alas! "

Later generations greatly praised Zhuge Liang's loyalty and deeds, such as:

Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty: "Zhuge Liang said: I will devote my whole life to death. As a minister, only Zhuge Liang can do this. ”

Sun Qiao of the Tang Dynasty: “Five hundred years have passed since the death of Marquis Wu, and the people of the Liang and Han Dynasties have continued to sing eloquently and offer sacrifices in temples as if they were still there. They have loved the people for so long.” "

Mei Tao of the Western Jin Dynasty praised Tao Kan: "The spirit of machine learning is like Wei Wu, and the loyalty, obedience and hard work are like Kong Ming. ”

Chang Xu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty: “If you govern the country with courtesy and the people will have no complaints, if you don’t abuse lynching, there will be no tears left.” "

Wang Tong of the Sui Dynasty said: "If Zhuge Liang had not died, rituals and music would have flourished. "

"Tang Wencui" records what Shang Chi said in the "Preface to the Inscription on the Zhuge Wuhou Temple Monument": "When the official wrote about the food in the temple, it became an unpublished canon. Within a mountain, every movement and movement , the shape is majestic. If there is a severe drought in the country, if the country prays for it, it can become clouds and rain. This means that everyone is benefiting, and life and death are the same in ancient and modern times. Death and immortality are more valuable than life. Another article written by Lu Wen, "The Temple of Zhuge Wuhou", said: "If the great honor is not collected, God will seize it." Sincerity is unforgettable, shining in the sun and moon, and the fierce energy never dissipates. Long as a thunderstorm.

”

Du Fu, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, once admired Zhuge Liang’s deeds and wrote several poems about Zhuge Liang, including "The Prime Minister of Shu" (two of them have the same name) and "Ode to Ancient Relics Part 4" , "Zhuge Kongming", "Eight Formations", "Gubaihang", "Wuhou Temple", "Zhuge Temple", "Geye". Among them, "Three visits to the world" in "The Prime Minister of Shu", the two dynasties opened. Help the old minister's heart. "Died before he left the army and made the hero burst into tears" has also become a famous saying about Zhuge Liang's life in the future.

Other poets have also written many poems to praise Zhuge Liang, such as the great poet Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty "Reading the Biography of Zhuge Wuhou, Presenting it to Uncle Cui Shaofu of Chang'an and Feng Kunji", "Zhuge Wuhou" by Song Dynasty statesman and writer Wang Anshi, "Wuhou Temple" by Ming Dynasty writer Yang Shen, and modern historian Guo Moruo's "Shu Dao Qi", as well as modern politicians Dong Biwu, Lu Dingyi, etc.

Mao Zedong commented: "It started by mistake in Longzhong, and the troops were divided into two parts thousands of miles away. In the end, Guan Yu, Liu Bei, and Zhuge Liang had three forces and were undefeated. "The first sentence means that Zhuge Liang's strategy is inappropriate. Jingzhou is thousands of miles away from Yizhou. The division of troops between the two places will inevitably cause the Shu Han to lose its advantage in military strength. The latter sentence "three-thirds of troops" refers to Guan Yu's guarding Jingzhou and Liu Bei. In the attack on Soochow and Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition to the Central Plains, the historical fact of the "three-quarter force" ultimately caused the Shu Han's vitality to be severely damaged and the foundation for unifying China to be lost. However, some people disagree with Mao Zedong's analysis. Longzhong originally hoped to "make the most of the situation." All of Jingzhou in the "South China Sea" supported the Jingzhou Army's Northern Expedition, and Yizhou implemented a pincer strategy. However, Liu Bei failed to achieve it later, and because of the loss of Nanjun, Guan Yu lost his advantage in the Battle of Xiangfan, instead of dividing it into two. The results of military strength. On the other hand, regarding the historical events of losing Jieting and beheading Ma Su, Mao Zedong once commented: “In the first battle, it is better to face the battle first. "It is believed that Zhuge Liang should personally lead the army to advance and make arrangements before the battle, and should not disperse the troops and assign responsibilities to others.

The attack and heart couplet hanging in the Zhuge Liang Hall of Wuhou Temple in Chengdu was written by Zhao Fan, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty. This couplet It has attracted the attention of Mao Zedong and others. Its content is:

"If you can attack the heart, you will be defeated by the side. It has been known from ancient times that soldiers are not warlike;

If you fail to assess the situation, both leniency and severity will be wrong. Later, when governing Shu, we had to think deeply. "

Sun Yat-sen, the founding father of the Republic of China, praised Zhuge Liang in the Three People's Principles of Civil Rights: "Zhuge Liang is very talented, so he was able to establish a very good government in Western Shu, and he was able to leave Qishan for the Northern Expedition and fight with Wu and Wei Three tripods. ".

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1. "So that there will be no lonely people in the world, I don't know how many people will be called emperors and how many people will be called kings! ”

2. Sweep away the Yellow Turbans, destroy Lu Bu, suppress Zhang’s temptation, kill Yuan Shu, and defeat Yuan Shao

3. Short song line

Singing while drinking, how is life? ?

Like the morning dew, there will be many hardships in the past.

Be generous and worry about things.

How can you relieve your worries?

Qingqingzijin, lingering in my heart.

But for the sake of you, I have been thinking about it till now.

The sound of the deer is like eating wild apples.

There are guests playing the harp and the sheng.

It is as clear as the moon.

It is impossible to stop worrying about it.

It is in vain to cross the border.

Let's talk about the old friendship.

The moon and stars are sparse, and the black magpies fly south.

What branches are there? Can you rely on it?

The mountains never get too high and the water never gets too deep. The one who will perish and bring peace to the world must be this person! ”

Xu Shao once said to Cao Cao: “You are a capable minister who governs the world, and you are a traitor in troubled times.” ”

The following is the poem when Cao Cao died in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", written by Zhong Xing, very good.

Ye Zhongge

Ye Ze Ye City In the water of Zhangzhou, there must be a strange person from now on.

The hero has a charm and a literary heart, and the king and his ministers are brothers and father and son;

How can a hero follow the eyes of others without having a common mind? /p>

The chief culprit is not two people, but the legacy and reputation are the same;

The article is powerful and powerful, how can you become a group?

Hengliu Zhu? The distance between the stage and Taihang is high, and the Qi and the force of reason are low and high;

If a person does not rebel, a small person will not be a hegemon, and a big one will not be a king? ;

It is unfeeling to tell the account clearly that it is not beneficial, and to share the fragrance with others is not ruthless.

Woohoo! The ancients did not care about the details of their work, and they were all lonely and luxurious;

The scholar talked lightly about the people in the tomb, and the scholar in the tomb laughed!

3. I think this poem has explained everything.

"A hero has no ordinary heart, how can he appear and disappear with the eyes of others?

It is not two people who are the first to be the culprits, but only one person with a bad reputation;

The article is interesting If you are domineering, how can you become a group?"

"The ancients did not care about the details, and they were all lonely and luxurious;

The scholar talked lightly about the people in the tomb, and you laughed in the tomb? Bookish! ”