The contention of a hundred schools of thought includes Confucianism, Taoism, Ming, Yin and Yang, military, agriculture, miscellaneous, legal, vertical and horizontal, and nine schools. Nine schools of thought are dominated by these nine schools of thought.

The contention of a hundred schools of thought refers to the emergence of different schools of thought among intellectuals during the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC) and the Warring States Period (475 BC - 221 BC) and the competition between various schools of thought. .

Extended information:

1. Confucianism

Confucianism is one of the important schools of thought in the Warring States Period. It took Confucius as its teacher in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Six Arts as its method. An academic faction that advocates "rituals and music" and "benevolence and righteousness", advocates "loyalty and forgiveness" and the impartial "gold mean", advocates "moral governance" and "benevolent governance", and attaches great importance to moral and ethical education and people's self-cultivation.

2. Taoism

Taoism is one of the important schools of thought during the Warring States Period, also known as "moralists". This school of thought takes Lao Tzu's theory of "Tao" in the late Spring and Autumn Period as its theoretical basis, and uses "Tao" to explain the nature, origin, composition and changes of all things in the universe. It believes that the way of heaven is inactive and all things are born naturally, and denies that God, ghosts and gods dominate everything;

It advocates that Tao follows nature and lets nature take its course, advocates tranquility and inaction, abides by femininity and softness, and uses softness to overcome hardness. The political ideal is "governing by doing nothing." After Laozi, Taoism internally divided into different sects, the famous four major sects: Zhuangzi School, Yang Zhu School, Song Yin School and Huanglao School.

3. Mohism

Proposition: Mohism was one of the important schools of thought during the Warring States Period, and its founder was Mo Zhai. This school of thought takes "love each other and benefit each other" as the basis of the theory: "to love one another, to treat others as oneself; to love one another, to love others as oneself."

If the world loves each other, the goal of "mutual benefit" can be achieved. Politically, we advocate respecting the virtuous, advocating for unity and non-aggression; economically, we advocate strengthening local people and limiting their use; ideologically, we advocate respecting heaven and serving ghosts. At the same time, he also put forward the idea of ??"non-fate" and emphasized that he should rely on his own strength to do it.

4. Legalism

Legalism was one of the important schools of thought during the Warring States Period. Because it advocated governing the country by law, "no distinction is made between relatives and strangers, no distinction between high and low, and one is based on the law." Therefore it is called Legalism. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Guan Zhong and Zichan were the pioneers of Legalism.

In the early Warring States period, Li Kui, Shang Yang, Shen Buhai, Shen Dao and others founded the Legalist school. By the end of the Warring States Period, Han Fei integrated Shang Yang's "law", Shen Dao's "power" and Shen Buhai's "technique" to assemble the culmination of Legalist thought and theory.

5. Military strategist

The originator of military strategist is Sun Wu, an outstanding military strategist in the late Spring and Autumn Period. The famous military book at that time was "Sun Tzu's Art of War".

"The Art of War" is a famous military book written by Sun Wu. It is the earliest military book in the world. Military famous sayings such as "Know yourself and the enemy, and you will be invincible in a hundred battles" come from this book. Today this book also enjoys a high reputation in the world, and many Western military schools have listed it as a textbook.

During the Warring States Period, Sun Wu’s descendant Sun Bin inherited and carried forward his military ideas. He opposed empty talk about benevolence and righteousness, and proposed that "victory leads to strong establishment, so the world will be subdued." This is consistent with the situation. He advocated: "Be prepared before taking action" and wrote "Sun Bin's Art of War". They were called military strategists at that time.

6. Famous Masters

This school sprouted in the late Spring and Autumn Period, with Deng Xi, a doctor of the State of Zheng, as its pioneer. As a school of thought, famous scholars do not have the same opinions. They are limited to the same research objects, and each theory is very different. There are two main factions: "Contract Yi" and "Li Jianbai".

7. Yin-Yang School

The Yin-Yang School was one of the important schools of thought during the Warring States Period. It was named after advocating the theory of Yin-Yang and the Five Elements and using it to explain social and human affairs. This school of thought probably originated from the ruling class in charge of astronomy and calendars in ancient times. Its representative figure was Zou Yan, a native of Qi during the Warring States Period.

8. Politicians

Political strategists were counselors who used the strategy of vertical and horizontal manipulation to lobby the princes and engage in political and diplomatic activities during the Warring States Period in China. Listed as one of the hundred schools of thought.

9. Zajia

Zajia is a comprehensive school of philosophy from the late Warring States to the early Han Dynasty in China. He is good at collecting opinions from various schools of thought. It is characterized by "combining Confucianism and Mohism, combined with law", and "has a thorough understanding of all the schools of thought". "Hanshu Yiwenzhi" lists it as one of the "nine streams".

The emergence of Zajia is the result of the integration of ideology and culture in the process of establishing a unified feudal country. The miscellaneous works are represented by "Lu Shi Chun Qiu" in the Qin Dynasty and "Huainan Zi" in the Western Han Dynasty;

They were collected by Qin Prime Minister Lu Buwei and Han Huainan King Liu An recruited disciples. Complex.

And because Zajia's works contain Taoist ideas, some people think that Zajia is actually a new Taoist school.

Reference materials:

Baidu Encyclopedia and Bai Jia contending