Climb the Phoenix Terrace from Nanjing.
Li Bai [Tang Dynasty]
There used to be a phoenix on the phoenix platform, and the phoenix went to Taiwan, only Jiangdong returned.
Martial arts flowers were laid on deserted paths, and the number of relatives and friends in the Jin Dynasty has become a famine.
The mountains are shrouded in clouds, such as blue sky, and the river is divided into two.
There is always a traitor in power, like covering the sky, and Chang' an is depressed when he can't see it.
Translation:
Once there was a phoenix swimming on the Phoenix Terrace, but the river was still flowing when Phoenix went to Taiwan Province.
Flowers and plants in the palace of Wu covered desolate paths, and many royal families in the Jin Dynasty became barren graves and ancient hills.
The fog of the three mountains is looming, like falling into the sky, and the river is divided into two by Bailuzhou.
Those long clouds always hide the brilliance of the sun, and they climb high and can't see Chang 'an. How can it not make people sad?
Precautions:
Phoenix Terrace: On the Phoenix Mountain in Jinling.
Jiang: The Yangtze River.
Wu Gong: During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Wu built a palace in Jinling.
Jin Dynasty: refers to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After crossing the south, its capital was also in Jinling. Dress: refers to Guo Pu, a writer in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It is still in Xuanwu Lake Park in Nanjing. One refers to the wealthy families at that time. Dress, worn by literati, refers to literati and officials. Chengguqiu: The cenotaph built by Jin Mingdi for Guo Pu was luxurious for a while, but when the poets in the Tang Dynasty came to see it, it had become a ravine. Today it is called Guo Pudun, located in Xuanwu Lake Park in Nanjing.
Three mountains: mountain names. Sanshan Street is now its former site. When Zhu Yuanzhang built the city in the early Ming Dynasty, three nameless hills in the south of the city were also surrounded in the city. These three mountains just blocked the road from the north to the south gate-Jubaomen. Yanzi Lake, just east of the city, is building Miyagi, so these three mountains were filled into Yanzi Lake. After the three mountains were leveled, a street was built at the foot of the mountain, named Sanshan Street. Half in the sky: too far to see clearly.
Two waters: one is "one water". Qinhuai River flows through Nanjing, then flows westward into the Yangtze River, and is divided into two tributaries by Egret Island. Egret Island: A sandbar in the ancient Yangtze River with many egrets on it, hence its name. Now it is connected with the land and located on the north side of Wudingmen, Qinhuai District, Nanjing.
Clouds cover the sun: a metaphor for courtiers blocking sages. Floating clouds: a metaphor for evil villains. Sun: Pun, because the sun was regarded as a symbol of emperors in ancient times.
Chang 'an: The capital here refers to the imperial court and the emperor.
Appreciate:
The theory of going to the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing is a famous poem in the Tang Dynasty.
"Phoenix, which used to play here, named this place after them, and now has given it up to this desolate river." The first two sentences are about the legend of Phoenix TV. Among the fourteen words, three phoenix words are used in succession, but they are not too repetitive. The syllables are lively and beautiful. The former site of Phoenix Terrace is now Phoenix Mountain in Nanjing. According to legend, during the Yuan Jia period of Liu Song and Southern Dynasties, there were phoenixes gathered in this mountain and terraced fields were built, so there were famous mountains and terraced fields. Phoenix is an auspicious symbol. Phoenix's visit symbolizes the prosperity of the dynasty; Now that the Phoenix has gone to Taiwan, the prosperity of the Six Dynasties is gone forever. Only the water of the Yangtze River is still flowing, which is natural and eternal!
From the scene before us, the further birth was linked with the prosperity of the Six Dynasties. Wu in the Three Kingdoms period and later the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Song, Qi, Liang and Chen in the Southern Dynasties successively established their capitals in Jinling, so Jinling is known as the "ancient capital of the Six Dynasties". During the Six Dynasties, Jinling reached unprecedented prosperity and became the largest city in the world with a population of over one million. The long Qinhuai River passes through the city, and the economic and cultural centers and residential centers of the Six Dynasties converge on both sides. Its prosperity can be seen. However, although the Six Dynasties flourished, it was a flash in the pan. The average life span of each dynasty is about 55 years, and the speed of rotation is dizzying. Nowadays, it seems that the once prosperous court of Wu has been deserted, and the romantic figures in the Eastern Jin Dynasty have long since passed away. The prosperity of the Six Dynasties also disappeared in the waves of history like the Phoenix Tower.
"Three mountains and a half fall out of the sky, so Egret Island divides the river." Two sentences changed from lyricism to scenery writing. The poet did not immerse himself in mourning for history, but pulled out his thoughts and turned his eyes to the rivers and mountains in front of him. "Three mountains and a half fall outside the blue sky, like this island where egrets divide the river", three peaks stand side by side, looming in the mist, as if falling outside the blue sky; Qinhuai Hexi flows into the Yangtze River and is crossed by Egret Island. The river is divided into two rivers. These two sentences are magnificent and broad, paving the way for the end of the couplet "Looking at Chang 'an"
"A cloud rises between the light of heaven and me, hiding his city from my melancholy heart." These two poems have profound implications. Chang 'an is the seat of the imperial court, and the sun is the symbol of the emperor. Li Bai's two poems imply that the emperor is surrounded by evil spirits and he can't serve the country. His mood is very painful. The word "Deng" in the poem "See Chang 'an" is touching and sad, which means fable and has endless aftertaste. According to legend, Li Bai admired Cui Hao's poem The Yellow Crane Tower, and wanted to compete with the winner, so he wrote the poem On Ascending Nanjing to Phoenix Terrace. There are similar records in Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua and Chronicle of Tang Poetry, which may be credible. This poem is Cui Shi's arch-rival, as Fang Hui said in Ying Kui Fa Jing: "The momentum of rhythm is not easy. "In terms of rhyme, both poems are intended to rhyme in the meantime. The language is also fluent and natural, uncut, chic and beautiful. As a masterpiece, Shi Li has its own characteristics. He wrote his own unique feelings, interwoven with historical allusions, immediate scenery and the poet's own feelings, and expressed his concern for the country and the people, with far-reaching implications.
Li Bai is a talented poet, belonging to a great poet full of creative genius. However, only Li Bai came to the Yellow Crane Tower, but failed to be faithful, and "Chizhi" took Wan Li Road. The reason is also very simple. As the saying goes, "there is a scene in front of you, and Cui Haoshi is on it." Therefore, the "fallen immortal poet" is uncomfortable and unwilling to compete with Cui Haobi; So he "went to Jinling to write poems about the Phoenix Terrace" and didn't stop until he wrote "Climbing the Phoenix Terrace with the same name as the Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao in Nanjing".
Although this is a rumor, it is also quite suitable for Li Bai's character. "On Ascending Nanjing to Phoenix Terrace" won the praise of "similar to the Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao, but the rhythm is not easy". In fact, Li Bai's "Going to Nanjing and Going to the Phoenix Terrace" and Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane Tower" are both nostalgic Shuang Bao.
The artistic features of Li Bai's "Going to Nanjing to Phoenix Terrace" are first manifested in its bold spirit. Qi was originally a philosophical concept, which was widely used since the pre-Qin period. Cao Pi's articles on Qi in Wei and Jin Dynasties took Qi as an important content and applied it to many artistic categories. Although the theorists have different understandings of alignment, they are consistent in ideological temperament, personality spirit and artistic sentiment. Li Bai's "On Landing in Nanjing to the Phoenix Terrace" is obviously permeated with a vigorous and broad spirit, which makes Li Bai look at the past and read the present, instantly dominating the whole world, detached and free. The profound spirit makes Li Baiyuan's profound thoughts, incisive opinions and broad mind become the core and spiritual connotation of weaving great artistic realm. Just as we can feel the pulse of history and the poet's breath through the huge three-dimensional space-time of "three mountains and a half fall in the sky, so the egrets divide the river", we can also take advantage of his efforts to lift weights lightly and calmly, so as to make the whole poetic realm full of lofty heroism and further feel the artistic characteristics of his whole poetry.
The artistic feature of Li Bai's poems lies in the perfect expression of the concept of time and space. This is not only reflected in his understanding of history and nature, but also in his expression method of constructing the artistic realm of time and space. Li Bai emphasized the immortality of nature, on the one hand, he publicized his world outlook of "the unity of things and me" centered on nature, on the other hand, he exposed the ruling myth in history. Because since ancient times, almost all rulers have preached that their generations are immortal and their spirit is immortal, and they have also instilled such a model into people's ideology, which is convincing. However, Li Bai does not agree with this. He believes that even a very powerful ruler, such as Qin Shihuang, can "wield a sword and set the clouds, and the princes will come to the West." Judging from the apocalypse, it is inevitable that he will finally "see the cold ashes buried in the golden coffin under the three springs" ("Ancient style, Qin Wang sweeps Liuhe"). Therefore, in Li Bai's view, of all things in the universe, only nature can achieve eternal existence. All the prosperity and extravagance will disappear; If they still exist, they seem to exist only as a contrast with nature. In addition, Li Bai chose the most typical thing, that is, the vast mixture of "Three Mountains and Half Falls" and "Two Water Points", to construct a broad realm, and to show the historical changes, that is, the changes of time and the same place, that is, the unchanging space, as a whole, and to inspire people to think deeper.
On the metrical balance between Nanjing Dengfengtai and Yellow Crane Tower. In terms of rhyme, both poems are intentionally in the middle, and naturally rhyme. The language is also fluent and natural, uncut, chic and beautiful. As a masterpiece, Shi Li has its own characteristics. He wrote his own unique feelings, interwoven with historical allusions, immediate scenery and the poet's own feelings, and expressed his concern for the country and the people, with far-reaching implications.
Creative background:
There are always different opinions about the creative background of "Nanjing on the Phoenix Platform". This poem was written in Tianbao period (742 ~ 756), and the author was expelled from Chang 'an and went to Jinling in the south. One said that it was written by the author after he returned from exile. It is said that Li Bai visited the Yellow Crane Tower to compete with the Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao.
About the author:
Li Bai (70 1-762), a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty, was called "Poet Fairy" by later generations and "Du Li" with Du Fu. In order to distinguish himself from two other poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai were also called together. According to the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Li Bai is the ninth grandson of Gui Li, the king of Liang, and he is a descendant of all kings. He is cheerful and generous, loves to drink and write poems, and likes to make friends. Li Bai was deeply influenced by Huang Lao's idea of sorting out villages. Li Taibai's poems have been handed down from generation to generation, and most of his poems were written when he was drunk. His representative works include Looking at Lushan Waterfall, it is hard to go, Difficult Road to Shu, Entering Wine, Fu Zhi, and First Making Baidicheng.