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In the middle of last century, the whole world was dragged into a cruel war, which was a life-and-death struggle between aggression and anti-aggression and ended in the failure of fascist aggressors. The war destroyed many human civilizations. After more than 60 years, we are facing an era of hopeful peace and development. In contrast, we cherish and love today's peaceful life more, and we know how those human cultural heritages have survived through vicissitudes! The ancient city of Suzhou and Suzhou classical gardens that I want to introduce to you today are precious and excellent cultural heritages created and preserved by our predecessors.
I want to talk about it in two parts, first about the ancient city of Suzhou, and then about the classical gardens of Suzhou. This is a big topic, which can only be briefly said. In my opinion, the two are closely linked and inseparable as a whole, and the ancient city of Suzhou is the ideal natural environment and humanistic environment for Suzhou classical gardens. Suzhou classical gardens are indispensable urban elements and characteristics of Suzhou ancient city.
China has a famous saying, "Review the past and learn the new", which means that reviewing some knowledge is just like reading a new book, and you can increase your knowledge again. It is an encyclopedia with rich contents to deeply understand the historical evolution, customs and artistic characteristics of Suzhou ancient city and Suzhou gardens. Today, I will review, sort out, systematize and consolidate some impressions and understandings of Suzhou ancient city and Suzhou classical gardens with you.
I. Suzhou Ancient City
Suzhou, the earliest capital of Wu, was founded in 5 14 BC (the sixth year of the Spring and Autumn Zhou Dynasty, the first year of Wu and He Lv). In 5 14 BC, He Lv, the shrewd and ambitious monarch of Wu, ordered Wu Zixu to build a city in the process of fierce competition with Chu for the dominance of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. According to historical records, before the city was built, Wu Zixu once tasted the water of Xiangtu, which, in modern terms, was to examine and demonstrate the natural environment such as geology, hydrology and meteorology, so he chose the city site for a long time. This fact proves that the choice of Suzhou city site at that time was scientific and correct, indicating that our ancestors had rich experience in urban construction area more than 2,500 years ago and reached a higher scientific level. In the suburbs of Suzhou, there is a small town called Xiangcheng, which is said to be the origin.
The construction project lasted for six years, and finally the Great City of Helu was built, with a circumference of 2 10 step and a circumference of 2 feet in 37 miles, while in ancient times it was 6 feet and 300 steps in one mile, equivalent to more than 23,900 meters today, which is similar to the actual circumference of the ancient city now.
The bottom of this city wall is 2 feet 7 feet wide and 4 feet 7 feet high. The plate building technology is adopted, that is, the two sides are blocked with plates first, and the middle is compacted with soil. A few gates and sluices are made of Shi Zhuan and wood. * * * There are eight doors in the land, namely Chang, Xu, Pan, Snake, Craftsman, Building, Qi and Ping. Two of them have buildings symbolizing the eight winds in the sky and eight sluices imitating the eight diagrams on the ground. In addition, a sub-city has been established as an administrative center in the big city, which is located along Jinfan Road, Cross Street, Fenghuang Street and Ganjiang Road. Now the stadium and Suzhou Park are among them, and now the office building of our Garden Bureau is also at the core. Zicheng has three land gates, each with a tower and two water gates, of which 1 has a building. It was not until the opening of Ganjiang Road in the 1990s that the earth-heaped remains in Zicheng were completely leveled.
At the same time, hundreds of beacon towers have been built on Qizishan and other mountains between the west of the city and Taihu Lake, forming an urban defense system in the southwest corner. Hellvcheng has laid the scale of Suzhou today, and it is also the earliest wall of Suzhou.
1986, the people of our city solemnly celebrated the 2500th birthday of Suzhou ancient city. Most people present today were not invited to the celebration. I hope that when Suzhou is completed in 2600, that is, in 2086, everyone can participate. It would be better if you could participate when Suzhou is completed in 3000 years.
The most noteworthy thing about Suzhou ancient city is that its location, city scale and planning pattern have not changed greatly since its establishment, which is rare or even unique in China and even the world.
In order to help you understand and know the ancient city of Suzhou vividly, now let's look at a map of the ancient city of Suzhou. This map, named Pingjiang Map, was carved in 1229 A.D., and it was set at least two years in the Southern Song Dynasty. "Pingjiang" was renamed Suzhou at that time, which means that the rivers, waters and banks in Suzhou are flat, and the streams are gentle, which means eternal peace. Because this map was carved on a huge bluestone, it has been well preserved for 777 years. It is the oldest and most complete city map in the world. It is stored in Suzhou Confucian Temple together with three famous inscriptions of the Song Dynasty, such as Astronomical Map, Geographical Map and Shaoyuntu, which were later engraved, and has been listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit. (Recently in Suzhou Park)
This map was drawn by the traditional drawing method in China, and the scale is about 3000∶ 1. There are 643 physical, geographical, outdoor and artificial buildings on the map, of which 6 13 is marked with names. The important value of this map is that it faithfully marked the geographical overview of Suzhou water towns at that time. As you can see in the picture, there are two city walls, five land and water gates and 65 square tables. Rivers in the city crisscross and extend in all directions, including 6 longitudinal rivers, 4 transverse rivers 14, with a total length of more than 80 kilometers and 3 14 bridges. The streets and lanes in the city are parallel to the river, forming a double chessboard pattern with parallel streets and rivers, with the characteristics of small bridges and flowing water.
According to historical records, the rivers in Suzhou existed when the city was built. These manually excavated grid rivers are not only the channels for urban water diversion, drainage and transportation, but also the functions and functions of urban defense, fire prevention and isolation, lowering groundwater level and urban space allocation, and it is also the link between urban and rural areas and the whole country. It can be said that in the construction of Suzhou ancient city, the control and application of water by predecessors has reached a handy level. Today, Suzhou's rivers still maintain the original pattern, continue to play some functions and benefits, and become the oldest, grandest and most regular urban rivers in the world.
Besides, we can also see an ancient painting that faithfully depicts the prosperity of Suzhou. This is the prosperous time picture painted by Xu Yang in Qing Dynasty, also called the prosperous time picture of Suzhou. It shows the urban landscape from Mudu to Xumen, Nagato to Huqiu, with a total length of more than ten meters, and * * * painted various figures12,000 people, which is the longest picture scroll depicting the largest number of people in history, and depicts the bustling picture scroll of Suzhou, an important town in the south of the Yangtze River.
The above can be summarized as four sentences: First, Suzhou ancient city was built in 5 14 BC, and it has a long history of more than 2,500 years; Secondly, the location, scale and pattern of Suzhou ancient city have not changed much since its establishment, which shows that the original location was scientific and correct; 3. Suzhou ancient city is a water town city, and its rivers all over the city are the oldest, grandest and most regular urban rivers in the world, which have important historical and scientific value; Suzhou ancient city, with beautiful living environment, is a model of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
Of course, the ancient city of Suzhou also has many informative and interesting things worth talking about. Some folk sayings about Suzhou, such as "Seven Pagodas and Nine Steamed Buns on the Eighth Floor", "Six Gates, Three Customs and Five Drum Towers" and "Three Palaces, Six Views and Twenty Squares", also contain profound contents, such as Wu, Wu Cheng, He Lucheng,,, Wu Men, Wu Xia, Wu Zhong, Gu Su, Wu Du and Zhong Wu. Due to time constraints, I can't go into details. Interested comrades can find opportunities to communicate in the future. Generally speaking, Suzhou has been a land of plenty since ancient times. Rice was planted as early as 4000 years ago, and its agricultural technology is still in the leading position in the country. Its freshwater fish, shrimp and crab are the most delicious in China, which makes people never tire of eating them. It is a silk capital, and together with Nanjing and Hangzhou, it is called the three major silk production centers in China. /kloc-In the 3rd century, the Italian Kelpolo came to Suzhou and praised Suzhou's silk products. It is the birthplace of traditional arts and crafts. Suzhou is famous for its embroidery, silk reeling, jade carving, lanterns, national musical instruments, woodcut prints, Qi Diao and furniture. Ancient handicrafts produced in Suzhou can be seen in famous museums in China. At the same time, it is also a city of gardens, which is what I will talk about next.
Second, Suzhou gardens.
Now I want to talk about Suzhou gardens.
Firstly, introduce the origin of the saying "China-the mother of gardens".
From 65438 to 0899, a young English gardener, E·h· Wilson, set foot on the land of China and began his long-term and far-reaching work of collecting and introducing flowers and plants to the West. Being in the "kingdom of flowers", he was deeply moved and intoxicated. Later, as he learned more about flowers and gardens in China, he realized that China had a decisive influence on gardens all over the world.
On 19 13, he wrote an influential book, The Naturalist in Western China. This book was renamed Garden China when it was reprinted on 1929. For more than a century, the saying "China-the mother of gardens" has been accepted by many botanists and gardeners.
1954, the fourth congress of the International Federation of Landscape Architects was held in Vienna. G.A.Jellicoe, a British gardener, said in his speech that the three schools of world landscape architecture history are China, West Asia and ancient Greece. These three ancient regions have all produced splendid ancient cultures.
I will also talk about three points in this part: the first is about the conditions for the emergence of Suzhou gardens. Why are so many gardens in Suzhou so famous? Secondly, we should talk about the history of Suzhou gardens very simply. The third is to talk about some characteristics of Suzhou gardens and how its beauty is formed, so that everyone can better appreciate the beauty of Suzhou classical gardens.
1, the conditions for the emergence of Suzhou gardens
Suzhou garden is the essence and one of the important features of Suzhou ancient city, so it has the reputation of "garden city". There is another saying that people praise Suzhou gardens. In the past, we Suzhou people were reluctant to say it because it sounded modest enough. Now that Suzhou gardens have been officially listed in the world cultural heritage, we can proudly say that this sentence is "Suzhou gardens are the best in the world". Why are so many gardens in Suzhou so good? We say this is because Suzhou has superior natural and human conditions for the emergence and development of gardens, that is to say, Suzhou's superior natural conditions, long history and excellent cultural traditions gave birth to Suzhou gardens.
In terms of natural conditions, Suzhou is located on the bank of Taihu Lake in the Yangtze River Delta, with a warm climate and beautiful scenery. The whole area is like a big garden, which is a natural picture book of Suzhou gardens. Many landscapes in Suzhou gardens come from Taihu Lake. At the same time, there are many kinds of flowers and trees in Taihu Lake area, and a kind of stone called Taihu Stone is also produced, which is very unique. These are all important materials for building gardens. Here, let me tell a historical story, because the stones in Huamu Lake in Suzhou are the most ideal gardening parts. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Hui Zong Emperor Evonne ordered the collection of major events, and then transported them to the capital city of Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan) to build gardens. The person in charge is a Suzhou native named Zhu CuO. He took this opportunity to extort money, look for strange stones and flowers everywhere, and organized a fleet to send to Bianjing. This is the famous "Hua Shi Gang" incident in the history of China. At present, the Yulinglong Stone in Taihu Lake in Shanghai Yuyuan Garden and Ruiyunfeng in Suzhou Weaving Institute site are said to be the "Huashigang" relics that were not transported away after collection at that time. It can be seen that Suzhou gardens are based on local materials and have the advantage of "being close to the water and getting the moon first".
In terms of human conditions, Suzhou has been the political, economic and cultural center of the south of the Yangtze River since the capital was established by the King of Wu, with developed economy, prosperous industry and commerce, brilliant humanities and high level of urban construction. Especially in architecture, painting, arts and crafts, gardening and other fields closely related to gardening, the skills are superb and talents come forth in large numbers. For example, Suzhou's architecture is world-famous. Kuai Xiang, who is responsible for the design and construction of Zijincheng Palace in Beijing, is from Xiangshan, Suzhou. Known as "Xiangshan School" because of its exquisite craftsmanship, it is an important school of traditional architecture in Jiangnan, China after the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the history of China gardens, there are two classic works. One is "Gardening and Metallurgy" written by Ji Cheng, a famous garden master in Tongli, Suzhou. There is also a book called "Chronicles of Long Stories", which specializes in the interior decoration and furnishings of gardens. The author Wen Zhenheng is a great-grandson, a native of Suzhou and a leader of Wu Pai.
Another example is the painting in Suzhou, which has a long tradition. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties (14th century to18th century), many famous painters such as Shen Zhou, Tang Yin, Ming Sijia, Wang Shimin, Wang Jian, Wang Yi and Wang, the "Four Kings of Qing Dynasty", appeared, and their artistic style of freehand brushwork by literati had an important influence on the design and construction of Suzhou gardens.
Another example is Suzhou's arts and crafts, and Suzhou's gardening bonsai is world-famous. Suzhou gardens have developed to such a superb level under such historical background and humanistic conditions.
2. The history of Suzhou gardens can be traced back to the gardens of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period. Famous gardens include Gusutai, Guanwa Palace, Wu Tong Garden and Changzhou Garden, which are one of the earliest gardens in China.
Private gardens in Suzhou were first recorded in Gubijiang Garden in Jin Dynasty (4th century AD). According to records, Wang Xianzhi, the son of the great calligrapher Wang Xizhi, once came, but because of his insolence, he was driven out by Bijiang, the patron of the garden. However, the exact address of this garden has been unclear, which has become a big mystery in the history of Suzhou gardens.
After the Tang and Song Dynasties, with the development of China's painting art, the gardening art became more and more perfect. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Suzhou became the most prosperous city in China. Private gardens built by literati, retired bureaucrats and wealthy businessmen spread all over the city, with more than 200 large and small gardens reaching the peak. After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the country was poor and weak, the society was in turmoil, Suzhou's economy tended to decline, Suzhou's gardens were increasingly damaged and reduced, and some of the remaining gardens were becoming obsolete and dilapidated. After the founding of New China, under the financial difficulties, the state resolutely allocated funds to repair the gardens, which enabled Suzhou gardens to be restored and become the most vivid flowers in the ancient city of Suzhou, and was officially listed on the World Heritage List by the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Committee. It is believed that Suzhou gardens will be properly protected and become artistic treasures appreciated by people all over the world.
3. The nature and characteristics of Suzhou gardens:
(1) Suzhou gardens include big house gardens, temple gardens, academy gardens and landscape gardens, among which private gardens are the most, which is the representative of Jiangnan private gardens, an important school of China gardens. Compared with the centralized royal gardens in Beijing, there are obvious differences in specifications, layout, volume, style and color.
The royal garden wins with its grandeur, neatness, grandeur and richness.
Suzhou gardens are famous for their smallness, freedom, exquisiteness and elegance.
(b) In terms of its basic nature and function, Suzhou Garden is a place for living, leisure and entertainment. This living mode of combining houses and gardens is the creation of people's persistence and yearning for nature, the pursuit of natural harmony, the creation of ideal living space, and the beautification and improvement of living environment in a city with a large population and lack of natural scenery, which embodies the high living civilization and lifestyle in Jiangnan area of ancient China and is a great contribution to human civilization.
(3) As far as the architectural connotation of gardens is concerned, Suzhou gardens, like gardens all over China, are composed of two series of elements: material and spiritual; Material elements include landscape, flowers, trees and buildings. What is spiritual is China's traditional philosophy, cultural awareness, literary artistic conception, historical and scientific information, etc. carried and reflected by the plaques, couplets, calligraphy stones, paintings and sculptures in the garden.
Material elements are combined according to certain laws to form the beauty of mountains and rivers, flowers and trees and buildings.
Spiritual elements can set off and render the scenery in the garden, endow the garden with a certain artistic conception, form a kind of humanistic beauty, make people happy physically and mentally, cultivate their sentiments and obtain noble spiritual and cultural enjoyment.
(4) From the perspective of garden layout, Suzhou gardens are generally centered on water, with buildings as the main body and rockeries, peaks and flowers as decorations.
Water is the soul of Suzhou gardens, whether it is divided or gathered, it is a true portrayal of the scenery of Jiangnan water towns. With water, all the scenery in the garden becomes more beautiful and feminine.
Mountains and water correspond to each other, so the landscape in the garden is more natural and interesting, because rockery and pool water are the embodiment and symbol of nature. There are four different types of rockeries in Suzhou gardens: Hushi, Huangshi, Earth-rock mixture and Earth-rock mountain, and there are many individually arranged peak stones. China literati have always had the fashion of hiding stones, appreciating stones and appreciating stones, which shows their respect and affinity for nature.
The flowers and trees in Suzhou gardens are rich in local, seasonal and national characteristics, and each garden has its own famous flowers and ancient trees. For example, the lotus in Humble Administrator's Garden and the bamboo plum in Canglang Pavilion are all famous. Because these flowers and trees are considered noble and independent gentlemen, they are not afraid of cold and violence, so they are loved by people.
The architecture in Suzhou gardens is the main body and center of the landscape. According to the different needs of living, reading, reciting poetry, painting, playing the piano, singing, playing chess, drinking tea, feasting and leisure, halls, museums, buildings, pavilions, boats, corridors, pavilions and tables will be built, supplemented by exquisite interior decoration.
The humanistic connotation in the garden is something we can't let go of when we understand the garden. It is necessary to understand the history of each garden and related celebrity anecdotes, understand the meaning and origin of the garden name and the naming of various buildings in the garden. Those who like poetry and literature should pay attention to appreciate the couplets in the garden, those who study history should pay attention to the inscriptions in the garden, those who like calligraphy can observe the handwriting of celebrities on the stone, and those who like furnishings can study all kinds of furniture and furnishings in the garden. In a word, the humanistic connotation of Suzhou gardens is extremely rich, which embodies Suzhou's excellent cultural and artistic traditions and is worth savoring.
If we summarize the main features of the gardens listed in the World Heritage List in one sentence, I think it should be roughly as follows:
Humble Administrator's Garden is an excellent landscape picture book.
Exquisite and rich garden space, dealing with the artistic integration of calligraphy peaks
The master garden is a typical exquisite and elegant house garden, with a small garden, with less wins more.
Huanxiu Mountain Villa is a vivid teaching material for beautiful lake stone gardens in the south of the Yangtze River.
Canglang Pavilion, a city full of mountains and rivers, is a historic cultural relic institution.
The boundless Zen in the lion forest is really interesting, and the winding caves are full of twists and turns.
A corner of Taihu Lake is a gentleman's garden with high winds and bright waves.
Lovers' love poems and hidden stories in lovers' gardens; Shuicheng people in the street.
The picturesque scenery of the wild navigation in the rivers and lakes is carefully built by the retreat garden according to local conditions.
The above is some basic knowledge about Suzhou gardens. As a gardener, I am often proud of doing this job. I hope everyone will go further on the original basis and become experts in garden culture and art. It is also a world heritage unit, just like the Forbidden City. The ancient architecture experts they came out are national first-class ancient architecture experts, painting and calligraphy experts are national first-class painting and calligraphy experts, bronze, jade, porcelain experts, clock experts ... The same is true. Who said that our garden system can't produce national Suzhou garden experts? I believe all of you here today will achieve this achievement! If what I say can interest you and help you, I will feel very honored!
Thank you!
2006-08- 18 15: 17:39
Medium and small
Speech on Suzhou Ancient City and Suzhou Classical Gardens
In the middle of last century, the whole world was dragged into a cruel war, which was a life-and-death struggle between aggression and anti-aggression and ended in the failure of fascist aggressors. The war destroyed many human civilizations. After more than 60 years, we are facing an era of hopeful peace and development. In contrast, we cherish and love today's peaceful life more, and we know how those human cultural heritages have survived through vicissitudes! The ancient city of Suzhou and Suzhou classical gardens that I want to introduce to you today are precious and excellent cultural heritages created and preserved by our predecessors.
I want to talk about it in two parts, first about the ancient city of Suzhou, and then about the classical gardens of Suzhou. This is a big topic, which can only be briefly said. In my opinion, the two are closely linked and inseparable as a whole, and the ancient city of Suzhou is the ideal natural environment and humanistic environment for Suzhou classical gardens. Suzhou classical gardens are indispensable urban elements and characteristics of Suzhou ancient city.
China has a famous saying, "Review the past and learn the new", which means that reviewing some knowledge is just like reading a new book, and you can increase your knowledge again. It is an encyclopedia with rich contents to deeply understand the historical evolution, customs and artistic characteristics of Suzhou ancient city and Suzhou gardens. Today, I will review, sort out, systematize and consolidate some impressions and understandings of Suzhou ancient city and Suzhou classical gardens with you.
I. Suzhou Ancient City
Suzhou, the earliest capital of Wu, was founded in 5 14 BC (the sixth year of the Spring and Autumn Zhou Dynasty, the first year of Wu and He Lv). In 5 14 BC, He Lv, the shrewd and ambitious monarch of Wu, ordered Wu Zixu to build a city in the process of fierce competition with Chu for the dominance of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. According to historical records, before the city was built, Wu Zixu once tasted the water of Xiangtu, which, in modern terms, was to examine and demonstrate the natural environment such as geology, hydrology and meteorology, so he chose the city site for a long time. This fact proves that the choice of Suzhou city site at that time was scientific and correct, indicating that our ancestors had rich experience in urban construction area more than 2,500 years ago and reached a higher scientific level. In the suburbs of Suzhou, there is a small town called Xiangcheng, which is said to be the origin.
The construction project lasted for six years, and finally the Great City of Helu was built, with a circumference of 2 10 step and a circumference of 2 feet in 37 miles, while in ancient times it was 6 feet and 300 steps in one mile, equivalent to more than 23,900 meters today, which is similar to the actual circumference of the ancient city now.
The bottom of this city wall is 2 feet 7 feet wide and 4 feet 7 feet high. The plate building technology is adopted, that is, the two sides are blocked with plates first, and the middle is compacted with soil. A few gates and sluices are made of Shi Zhuan and wood. * * * There are eight doors in the land, namely Chang, Xu, Pan, Snake, Craftsman, Building, Qi and Ping. Two of them have buildings symbolizing the eight winds in the sky and eight sluices imitating the eight diagrams on the ground. In addition, a sub-city has been established as an administrative center in the big city, which is located along Jinfan Road, Cross Street, Fenghuang Street and Ganjiang Road. Now the stadium and Suzhou Park are among them, and now the office building of our Garden Bureau is also at the core. Zicheng has three land gates, each with a tower and two water gates, of which 1 has a building. It was not until the opening of Ganjiang Road in the 1990s that the earth-heaped remains in Zicheng were completely leveled.
At the same time, hundreds of beacon towers have been built on Qizishan and other mountains between the west of the city and Taihu Lake, forming an urban defense system in the southwest corner. Hellvcheng has laid the scale of Suzhou today, and it is also the earliest wall of Suzhou.
1986, the people of our city solemnly celebrated the 2500th birthday of Suzhou ancient city. Most people present today were not invited to the celebration. I hope that when Suzhou is completed in 2600, that is, in 2086, everyone can participate. It would be better if you could participate when Suzhou is completed in 3000 years.
The most noteworthy thing about Suzhou ancient city is that its location, city scale and planning pattern have not changed greatly since its establishment, which is rare or even unique in China and even the world.
In order to help you understand and know the ancient city of Suzhou vividly, now let's look at a map of the ancient city of Suzhou. This map, named Pingjiang Map, was carved in 1229 A.D., and it was set at least two years in the Southern Song Dynasty. "Pingjiang" was renamed Suzhou at that time, which means that the rivers, waters and banks in Suzhou are flat, and the streams are gentle, which means eternal peace. Because this map was carved on a huge bluestone, it has been well preserved for 777 years. It is the oldest and most complete city map in the world. It is stored in Suzhou Confucian Temple together with three famous inscriptions of the Song Dynasty, such as Astronomical Map, Geographical Map and Shaoyuntu, which were later engraved, and has been listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit. (Recently in Suzhou Park)
This map was drawn by the traditional drawing method in China, and the scale is about 3000∶ 1. There are 643 physical, geographical, outdoor and artificial buildings on the map, of which 6 13 is marked with names. The important value of this map is that it faithfully marked the geographical overview of Suzhou water towns at that time. As you can see in the picture, there are two city walls, five land and water gates and 65 square tables. Rivers in the city crisscross and extend in all directions, including 6 longitudinal rivers, 4 transverse rivers 14, with a total length of more than 80 kilometers and 3 14 bridges. The streets and lanes in the city are parallel to the river, forming a double chessboard pattern with parallel streets and rivers, with the characteristics of small bridges and flowing water.
According to historical records, the rivers in Suzhou existed when the city was built. These manually excavated grid rivers are not only the channels for urban water diversion, drainage and transportation, but also the functions and functions of urban defense, fire prevention and isolation, lowering groundwater level and urban space allocation, and it is also the link between urban and rural areas and the whole country. It can be said that in the construction of Suzhou ancient city, the control and application of water by predecessors has reached a handy level. Today, Suzhou's rivers still maintain the original pattern, continue to play some functions and benefits, and become the oldest, grandest and most regular urban rivers in the world.
Besides, we can also see an ancient painting that faithfully depicts the prosperity of Suzhou. This is the prosperous time picture painted by Xu Yang in Qing Dynasty, also called the prosperous time picture of Suzhou. It shows the urban landscape from Mudu to Xumen, Nagato to Huqiu, with a total length of more than ten meters, and * * * painted various figures12,000 people, which is the longest picture scroll depicting the largest number of people in history, and depicts the bustling picture scroll of Suzhou, an important town in the south of the Yangtze River.
The above can be summarized as four sentences: First, Suzhou ancient city was built in 5 14 BC, and it has a long history of more than 2,500 years; Secondly, the location, scale and pattern of Suzhou ancient city have not changed much since its establishment, which shows that the original location was scientific and correct; 3. Suzhou ancient city is a water town city, and its rivers all over the city are the oldest, grandest and most regular urban rivers in the world, which have important historical and scientific value; Suzhou ancient city, with beautiful living environment, is a model of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
Of course, the ancient city of Suzhou also has many informative and interesting things worth talking about. Some folk sayings about Suzhou, such as "Seven Pagodas and Nine Steamed Buns on the Eighth Floor", "Six Gates, Three Customs and Five Drum Towers" and "Three Palaces, Six Views and Twenty Squares", also contain profound contents, such as Wu, Wu Cheng, He Lucheng,,, Wu Men, Wu Xia, Wu Zhong, Gu Su, Wu Du and Zhong Wu. Due to time constraints, I can't go into details. Interested comrades can find opportunities to communicate in the future. Generally speaking, Suzhou has been a land of plenty since ancient times. Rice was planted as early as 4000 years ago, and its agricultural technology is still in the leading position in the country. Its freshwater fish, shrimp and crab are the most delicious in China, which makes people never tire of eating them. It is a silk capital, and together with Nanjing and Hangzhou, it is called the three major silk production centers in China. /kloc-In the 3rd century, the Italian Kelpolo came to Suzhou and praised Suzhou's silk products. It is the birthplace of traditional arts and crafts. Suzhou is famous for its embroidery, silk reeling, jade carving, lanterns, national musical instruments, woodcut prints, Qi Diao and furniture. The ancient handicrafts produced in Suzhou can be seen in famous museums in China. At the same time, it is also a city of gardens, which is what I will talk about next.
Second, Suzhou gardens.
Now I want to talk about Suzhou gardens.
Firstly, introduce the origin of the saying "China-the mother of gardens".
From 65438 to 0899, a young English gardener, E·h· Wilson, set foot on the land of China and began his long-term and far-reaching work of collecting and introducing flowers and plants to the West. Being in the "kingdom of flowers", he was deeply moved and intoxicated. Later, as he learned more about flowers and gardens in China, he realized that China had a decisive influence on gardens all over the world.
On 19 13, he wrote an influential book, The Naturalist in Western China. This book was renamed Garden China when it was reprinted on 1929. For more than a century, the saying "China-the mother of gardens" has been accepted by many botanists and gardeners.
1954, the fourth congress of the International Federation of Landscape Architects was held in Vienna. G.A.Jellicoe, a British gardener, said in his speech that the three schools of world landscape architecture history are China, West Asia and ancient Greece. These three ancient regions have all produced splendid ancient cultures.
I will also talk about three points in this part: the first is about the conditions for the emergence of Suzhou gardens. Why are so many gardens in Suzhou so famous? Secondly, we should talk about the history of Suzhou gardens very simply. The third is to talk about some characteristics of Suzhou gardens and how its beauty is formed, so that everyone can appreciate it better.