Confucius’s Confucian university approach is worth learning throughout our lives. Especially in the Analects, you can often learn a lot of life philosophy! The following is the lesson plan design of "Zi Lu, Zeng Xi, Ran You, Gong Xihua Sitting" collected by me. Welcome to read!

Lesson Plan Design for "Zi Lu, Zeng Xi, Ran You, and Gong Xihua Sitting"

Teaching Objectives

1. Understand how the text organizes materials with "Words and Will" as the center, Appreciate the characteristics of this article, which is clear in ideas, highly layered, unbending, and clear in meaning.

2. Learn how this article successfully uses dialogue and character actions to create character images.

3. Accumulate classical Chinese vocabulary and learn the plain and vivid characteristics of language creation in the text.

4. Appreciate Confucius’ teaching style of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude.

Teaching ideas

This text can be based on the clue of "statement of ambition" to determine the teaching ideas from the perspective of character image analysis. The analysis of character images should be combined with the analysis of the language and writing characteristics of the article. It is not advisable to analyze too much about Confucius’ thoughts. It is not advisable to discuss too much about why Confucius wanted ? and Dian ?.

Class schedule: 1 class hour

Teaching steps

1. Introduction of new lessons

Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is a recognized science Educational principles, in this regard Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, has set an example for us. This article is an example of Confucius' "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude". Through the conversation between Confucius and four students, using the words and aspirations as clues, the students' interests and personalities were written, and Confucius' thoughts and attitudes were expressed. Now let us study "Zi Lu, Zeng Xi, Ran You, Gong Xihua Sitting".

2. Clear goals

1. Understand how the text organizes the material with "expressing ambition" as the center, and appreciate that the article has clear ideas, is very layered, has no branches or branches, and is literary. Characteristics of clear meaning.

2. Learn how this article successfully uses dialogue and character actions to create characters.

3. Accumulate classical Chinese vocabulary and learn the plain and vivid characteristics of language creation in texts.

4. Understand Confucius’ teaching style of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude.

3. Accumulation and training of basic knowledge

1. The correct pronunciation of the punctuated words in the following sentences is (A)

A. Take Hu Among the big countries, B. Feng Hu Wu Yu y?

C. Confucius's chēn D. The crowned five or six people guān

2. The following words are incorrectly explained. The item is (D)

A. Juze means Ju: leisurely residence refers to the time when you are at home on weekdays.

B. Photographed between big countries. Photographed: sandwiched between.

C. Qie Zhi Fang Ye Fang: righteousness, morality.

D. The writings of those who are different from the three sons: writing, writing.

3. The correct interpretation of the highlighted words below is (A)

A. Because of famine Cause: follow, continue.

B. To write without playing: attack.

C. Spring clothes are ready: since.

D. His words will not give in: give in.

4. Among the following sentences, the word "ru" has the same meaning and usage as the example sentence. (C)

Fang sixty seventy, Ru five sixty?

A. If you know it, B. Ask, how can you do it

C. If you agree with me, Duan Zhangfu D. Just like the etiquette and music, in order to wait for the gentleman

5. Part 2 The correct way to judge the meaning of punctuated words is (C)

① Zi Lu led you and responded to ③ Qiu Ye also

② Drum Se Xi, Keng Er ④ Confucius He Wei Yuya

　A. ①② are the same, ③④ are also the same

B. ①② are different, ③④ are also different

C. ①② are the same, ③④ are different

　D. ①② are different, ③④ are the same

6. The sentence with the same usage of the word "with" in the example sentence is (C)

Example: Add to the teacher's journey

A. I think one day will last longer than you B. I don’t think so

C. Be courteous to the country D. Wait for a gentleman

7. In the following and example sentences One of the different usages of punctuated words is (C)

Example sentence: Feng Hu Wu Yu

A. Ruhui Tong, Duan Zhang Fu

B. Yue The country is despicable and far away, but you know its difficulties

C. Those who can confront others for their faults will receive high rewards

D. So I made an appointment for a hundred chariots for the Lord of Chang'an, and pledged them to Qi

8. The correct translation of the following sentence is (B)

Because of this, after three years, you can be brave and know the way.

A. By doing this thing three years later, everyone can be more courageous and know the method.

B. I govern it (the country), and after three years, I can make the people there brave and good at fighting, and understand the principles of human conduct.

C. It takes three years to govern it (country), so that everyone can have courage and know the strategy.

D. When I do this, I will make people more courageous and understand the battle strategy than three years later.

9. The correct translation of the following translation is (A)

① As long as one day lasts, I will not do it.

② If I know you, why not?

A. ① I am older than you, don’t be constrained by this and say nothing.

②If someone understands you (please join politics), what will you do?

B. ①I am a day or two older than you, don’t always use my words.

②If someone understands you (please join politics), what will you do?

C. ①I am older than you, and no one can use me.

②If someone understands you (please join politics), then why not go?

D. ①I am a day or two older than you, don’t always use my words.

②If someone knows you (please join politics), then why not go?

IV. Text analysis

The text can be divided into three parts.

Part One (Paragraph 1).

In this part, Confucius asked his students about their aspirations. However, Confucius did not directly ask his disciples to express their aspirations. Instead, he first used gentle and humble words to dispel the students' concerns and create a relaxed, friendly and active environment for them. As soon as Confucius appeared on the stage, he gave people the impression of a kind attitude, wise thinking, and broad mind. It can be seen that Confucius was indeed a brilliant teacher.

The second part (?Zilu Shuerwu and Dianye.?) can be divided into four levels.

The first level (?Zilu leads Erfu Zisi to it.?): At this level, write Zilu and state his own ambitions. Confucius saw that Zilu was not humble, so he laughed at him. It is a suggestive criticism without hurting his self-esteem.

The second level (? Ask, how are you? Waiting for a gentleman.?): This level is written by Ran Youshu. He was good at political affairs and believed that the highest ideal of Confucianism, the realization of ritual rule, could only be achieved by waiting for the help of gentlemen.

The third level (? Chi, why did you become the little prime minister as you wished.?): This level records Gongxi Hua's ambition. He attaches great importance to etiquette and rule. Although he is young, his attitude is very humble.

The fourth level (? Dian, how are you? I am with Dian.?): At this level, Zeng Xi’s annals are written. Confucius praised Zeng Xi.

In this part, Zilu first replied that he had the ability to govern the "country of thousands of chariots". Confucius didn't take his words seriously and smiled in return. Ran You's answer was: He only has the talent to govern a small country with a radius of dozens of miles. Gong Xihua's answer was more modest. He said that his talent was only worthy of being a small master of ceremonies. Confucius did not immediately express his attitude towards Ran You and Gong Xihua's words. Zeng Xi expressed his unwillingness to become an official, but the beautiful picture he painted of teachers and students outing in late spring is exactly the scene of "rule by ritual" society that Confucianism yearns for. It is the highest state of "rule by ritual" and embodies Confucian politics in a concentrated and vivid way. ideal. Confucius was very moved by his words and immediately agreed.

The third part (?The third son is at the end of the article).

In this part, after Zilu, Ran You, and Gong Xihua left, Zeng Xi asked the teacher how the conversation between the three classmates was. Confucius evaluated the ambitions discussed by Zi Lu, Ran You, and Gong Xihua one by one. Confucius said that people should be courteous in governing a country, but Zilu's words showed that he was not humble, so he laughed at him. I am satisfied with the humble attitude of Ran You and Gong Xihua, especially Gong Xihua. Judging from his talent and virtue, he is qualified to be a great master of ceremonies.

Confucius was a great educator. In this article, it can be seen that their teacher-student relationship is very harmonious and very equal. He cares about students, loves them, and knows everyone's situation well. Even in daily conversations, students are guided to be determined, care about national political affairs, and insist on focusing on positive education, which has achieved good results. He played the leading role of the teacher. When the four students recounted their memories, he elevated their speeches to the level of "rule by etiquette" and elevated what they wanted to do to the level of governing the country, which was very instructive.

Homework

Read the text carefully and complete exercises 2 and 3.

Read the full text of Zilu, Zeng Xi, Ran You, and Gong Xihua Sitting

Source or author: "The Analects of Confucius"

Zilu, Zeng Xi, Ran You , Gong Xihua sat down. Confucius said: "I think one day will last a long time, but I won't do that." Ju Zeri; I don’t know. ?If you know it, then why?

Zilu led you and said to you: ?A country of thousands of chariots is spread out among the big countries, and coupled with armies and troops, it causes famine; because of this, , after three years, you can be brave and know the way. ?

The master laughed at it.

What do you think of me?

Answer: "The square is sixty or seventy, such as fifty or sixty. If you ask for it, you will be able to satisfy the people in three years." Such as its rituals and music, in order to wait for the gentleman. ?

?Chi, what's the matter with you?

The answer is: "I can't do it, but I'm willing to learn it." Regarding the affairs of the ancestral temple, if you agree with me, Duan Zhangfu, I would like to be the junior prime minister. ?

?Point, how are you doing?

The drums are very good, the clang is sonorous, and the poem is written without the harp, and the answer is: ?It is different from the writings of the three sons. ?

Confucius said: ?What's the harm? Each one has his own ambition!?

Said: ?The spring clothes are ready for those who are not spring, five or six people are crowned, and six or seven are boys. People bathe in Yi, dance in the wind, and return with chants. ?

The master sighed and said: ?I am with Dian. ?

The third son comes out and Zeng Xi is the queen. Zeng Xi said: "What are the words of the three masters?" Confucius said: "It is enough for each of them to express his ambition!"

Said: "You should serve the country with courtesy, but you won't give in, so you will be offended." Just seeking is not a state, and it is not the same as An Jianfang. Sixty or seventy, such as fifty or sixty, is not a state. Only Chi is not a state. It is also the same as the ancestral temple. What is it but not a prince? Chi is also small, who can do it? Da?

Full text translation of Zilu, Zeng Xi, Ran You and Gong Xihua sitting at the table

Zilu, Zeng Xi, Ran You and Gong Xihua sat with Confucius. Confucius said: Because I am a little older than you, don't stop because of me (I won't say it when you are older). You always say: No one knows me! If someone knows you, what are you going to do?

Zilu replied without thinking: A country with a thousand chariots , sandwiched between big countries, often invaded by foreign armies, and there is famine inside. If you let me govern it, in three years' time, I can make everyone brave and good at fighting, and also understand the principles of life. ?

Confucius smiled slightly after hearing this.

Confucius asked again: "Ran Qiu, how are you?"

Ran Qiu replied: "A country with a length of sixty or seventy miles, or fifty or sixty miles, if I let Go and manage it, and after three years, the people can become rich. As for cultivating rituals and music, we have to hire someone else. ?

Confucius asked again: ?Gongxichi, how are you?

Gongxichi replied: ?I dare not say that I can do it, but I am willing to learn. When conducting sacrifices in the ancestral temple, or when the princes gather to meet the emperor, I am willing to wear a formal dress and a hat, and be a small guest of praise. ?

Confucius asked again: ?Zeng Dian, how are you?

At this time, Zeng Dian’s sound of playing the harp gradually became thinner, and then with a clang, he put down the harp and straightened up and answered. :? My talents are different from those of the three of them!?

Confucius said: "What does that matter? We are just talking about our own ambitions." ?

Zeng Dian said: ?In late spring, spring clothes have already been put on. Five or six adults and six or seven teenagers and I went to the Yi River to take a bath, enjoy the breeze on the dance platform, and sing songs all the way back. ?

Confucius sighed and said: ?I agree with Zeng Dian’s idea!?

Zilu, Ran You, and Gong Xihua all went out, while Zeng Xi stayed behind. . Zeng Xi asked: "What do the three of them say?" Confucius said: "They are just talking about their own ambitions." ?

Zeng Xi said: ?Why do you laugh at Zhongyou?

Confucius said: ?When governing a country, you must pay attention to courtesy, but he was not at all humble when he spoke, so I laughed at him . Could it be that what Ran Qiu was talking about was not a national matter? How could it be said that what Zongheng Sixty, Seventy or Fifty or Sixty Miles was talking about was not a national matter? Wasn’t what Gong Xichi was talking about a national matter? Sacrifice in the ancestral temple, alliances between princes, and What is the meeting with the emperor about, if it is not about the important matters of the princes? If Gong Xichi can only be a small person to pay tribute, then who can be a big person to pay tribute?