1929 65438+ 10/0/5

Birthplace:

Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Date of death:

1April 4, 968

Details of death:

Memphis, Tennessee, USA. (shooting and assassination)

Original name:

Michael Luther King.

Other names:

Martin Luther King | Reverend Martin Luther King

Delbert Mann

169cm

Martin Luther king Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia on 15, 1929 1 6. His father, Martin Luther King Sr., was a pastor of ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. His mother is a school teacher. For Martin, the civil rights movement began in the summer of 1935, when he was six years old. His two friends didn't play ball with him, so Marty decided to find them. When he went to a boy's house, their mother met him at the front door and told him rudely that her son would not come out to play with him that day or later because they were white and he was black. A few years later, Martin admitted that these cruel words changed the direction of his life. When he was a teenager, Martin finished his studies with honors. He skipped grade 9 and 12, and was good at violin and public speaking. One night after winning the championship in a debate competition, Martin and his teacher were sitting on the bus home to discuss the incident, when the driver ordered them to give their seats to two white passengers who had just got on the bus. Martin was outraged, and he recalled, "I was going to stay in my seat and protest." But his teacher persuaded him to obey the law, and they stood for the rest of the 90-mile journey. "As long as I live, that night will never stay in my memory. This is the most angry time in my life. Martin said: "I don't remember being so angry before or after." At the age of 65, Martin entered Morehouse College, his father's alma mater, with the intention of becoming a doctor or a lawyer. /kloc-After graduating from morehouse at the age of 0/9, he decided to enter crozet Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania. At that time, this private non-sectarian college had only 100 students, including only 6 blacks. This is the first time that Martin has lived in a predominantly white community. He won the highest ranking in his class and a postgraduate scholarship of $65,438+$0,200. 195 1 year, Martin entered the theological seminary of Boston University to pursue his doctorate. At crozet College, Martin attended a lecture by mordecai Johnson, President of Howard University. He told the story of Indian spiritual leader Mohandas Gandhi. His nonviolent protest freed his country from British rule, which made Martin the basis for positive change. It was here that Martin met and married his wife Coretta Scott, a soprano studying at the New England Conservatory of Music. 1954, Martin accepted the call of Dexter Street Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama, and became the pastor of the church. Although coretta warned that they were not safe in Alabama, the poorest and most racist state in the United States, Martin insisted that they move there. Many local black priests attended Martin's first sermon in the church, including Reverend Ralph Abernathy, who congratulated him on his speech. They became good friends when discussing the challenges of life and apartheid. Then one thing changed Martin's life forever. 19551February On a cold winter night, Rosa parks, a 42-year-old black seamstress working in a department store in downtown Montgomery, boarded a bus home and sat in the back row with other black passengers. After several stops, she was ordered to give her seat to a white passenger who just got on the bus. Mrs. Parks repeatedly refused, prompting the driver to call the police and arrest her. In response to Mrs Parks' courage, the black leaders in the town set up Montgomery Progressive Association and elected Martin as its leader. MIA's first goal is to boycott the city's public transport system until the public transport law changes. The strike is long-term, fierce and violent. After a while, when businessmen began to complain that their business was affected by the strike, the city government responded by charging Martin. In the court of appeal, Martin learned that the Supreme Court of the United States confirmed the judgment of the Supreme Court of Alabama that the local laws requiring racial segregation on buses were unconstitutional. The first civil rights struggle was won, but for Martin, it was the first of many hard struggles. 1959 1 1 On September 29th, Martin submitted his resignation to the members of Dexter Street Baptist Church. A few months ago, he was elected as the leader of a new organization called Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Martin moved his family to Atlanta and began to build a regional network of non-violent organizations. In April, Martin coordinated SCLC and other people who advocated the abolition of apartheid. For the sake of publicity, two buses full of white and black passengers crossed the south on the "Freedom Road". There were no accidents in Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina. But in Aniston, Alabama, when a bus was burned and passengers were beaten by angry racist white thugs, the journey turned into a rolling horror. In Birmingham, angry mobs, together with some local policemen, greeted buses with more violence, which was dispersed when the state police intervened to stop the chaos. The violence shocked Martin, who decided to give up his freedom trip before someone was killed. But the riders insisted that they should complete the journey to Montgomery, where they would encounter more violence. 1963 1 month, Martin arrived in Birmingham with Ralph Abernathy to organize a free March aimed at ending apartheid. Despite the ban on assembly, the protesters marched and were attacked by the police. Three months later, another demonstration was planned to "turn the other cheek" to respond to the violence of the city police. When the marchers arrived in dow ntown Birmgingham, the police attacked the crowd with water hoses and police dogs. Many people saw this scene on TV, which triggered a strong protest in support of the marchers. The next day, more demonstrators repeated the walk, and more police attacked with fire hoses and police dogs, resulting in a total of 1200 people arrested. On the third day, Martin organized another parade to the city prison. But this time, when the marchers approached the police, the police did not move, and some even let the marchers pass to continue the March. The non-violent strategy worked. Businessmen in Birmingham called for negotiations. They agreed that local black leaders would integrate lunch counters, fitting rooms, toilets and water dispensers within 90 days. Martin was then called to hold a rally at Lincoln Memorial in Washington on August 28th, tel: 1963. Nearly 200,000 people stood in the hot environment and listened to the speeches of members and supporters of the Nazi National Committee. When Martin was called the last speaker of the day, the audience was hot and tired. When Martin walked to the podium with his papers, he suddenly put them aside and decided to speak his mind. Martin talked about the freedom that blacks have gained and have not yet gained. Then, he said a sentence that still echoes around the world: "Friends, today I want to tell you that I still have a dream despite the difficulties and setbacks at the moment. This is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this country will rise up and realize the true meaning of its founding creed. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that is, all men are created equal. I had that dream. By the middle of 10, Martin had made 350 speeches on civil rights, traveled 275,000 miles across the country and worked 20 hours a day. In a hospital in Atlanta, he collapsed because of exhaustion. His wife sent him a telegram saying that he had won the Nobel Peace Prize. On April 1, 1968, Martin went to Memphis, Tennessee, and met with his two advisers, James Oblique and Jesse Jackson, to discuss organizing a black March to Washington to support the strike of sanitation workers in the city. On the evening of April 4th, Martin went to the balcony of Lorraine Motel where he stayed and talked with Andrew Young. When he saw Jesse Jackson and waved to him, a shot rang through the sky. Martin Luther King Jr. was shot in the neck and died of a sniper's bullet. Martin is dead, but the struggle he started to bring peace to America and end racial conflicts continues to this day.