The above definition provides a philosophical basis for us to discuss the connotation of knowledge. The macroscopic understanding of philosophical reflection theory needs to be concretized from the perspective of individual cognition, so that it can be effectively used to guide the specific teaching of schools.
Different from philosophy, cognitive psychology studies knowledge from the perspectives of the source of knowledge, the generation process and manifestation of individual knowledge. For example, Piaget believes that experience (that is, knowledge) comes from the interaction between individuals and the environment. This kind of experience can be divided into two categories: one is physical experience, which comes from the outside world and is the understanding of objective things and their connections obtained by individuals acting on objects; The other is logic-mathematical experience, which comes from the actions of the subject and is the result of the individual's understanding of the coordination between actions. For example, children gain experience about quantity conservation by fiddling with objects, and students gain knowledge about mathematical principles through mathematical reasoning. Piaget's definition of knowledge is expressed from the generation process of individual knowledge. In the classification of educational objectives, Bloom thinks that knowledge is "the memory of specific things and universal principles, the memory of methods and processes, or the memory of models, structures or frameworks", which is a description of phenomena from the perspective of the contents contained in knowledge.
We believe that in understanding the meaning of knowledge, it is necessary to distinguish knowledge as the wealth of human society from knowledge as an individual's mind. The knowledge of human society exists objectively, but the knowledge in the individual's mind is not the objective reality itself, but a subjective representation of the individual, that is, the knowledge structure in the human brain, which includes not only feelings, perceptions and representations, but also concepts, propositions and schemas, respectively indicating the different breadth and depth of the individual's response to objective things, and is formed through the individual's cognitive activities. Generally speaking, individual knowledge is stored in the brain in the form of hierarchical network structure (cognitive structure) from concrete to abstract. Philosophy mainly studies the nature of common knowledge in human society, while psychology mainly studies the nature of individual knowledge.
Famous sayings about knowledge
Bacon: knowledge is power
Gorky: Take care of books. They are the source of knowledge.
Northcote: A learned man is a treasure house of knowledge, not a source.
If you don't absorb the light of knowledge, your mind will be shrouded in darkness.
Flex: A university is an institution that is consciously committed to pursuing knowledge, trying to solve difficult problems, evaluating people's achievements with a critical eye, and educating people with a really high level.
Chesterfield: When we are old, knowledge will be a comfortable and necessary place for us to retire. If we don't plant the tree of knowledge when we are young, there will be no place to enjoy the cool when we are old.
Song? Zhu: It's urgent, and it's not difficult to know. Do what you know and be fearless.
English? Ralph: The wisdom of a wise man is an unusual common sense.
Chesterfield: Reading can gain knowledge; But more useful knowledge about the world can only be obtained by studying all kinds of people.
Plug? Johnson: Curiosity is human nature. Any sane person will acquire knowledge by any means.
Engels: Complex labor includes the use of skills and knowledge, which require more or less effort, time and money.
Custer: The manager does not undertake the task of creating knowledge, but his task is to use knowledge effectively.
? Riggs: The manager's management ability is his function in quality, knowledge and experience. These three factors interact to form a special management model.
Kolmogorov: Science is the common wealth of mankind, and the task of real scientists is to enrich this knowledge that can benefit all mankind ... >>.
Question 2: What does long knowledge mean? To gain knowledge is to gain knowledge and gain knowledge. That is: I didn't know before, but now I know. Learn more knowledge and make yourself more knowledgeable.
Long (Long) Chang
Distance between two ends: length.
Large length, as opposed to "short", refers to space and also refers to time: length. Sky. Long and short sentences (word aliases). Long night (a. Long night; It's a dark day. Breaking the waves (with great interest) Long song cries (with songs).
Advantages, professional skills: major. Expertise has its own strengths.
Do sth well: He is good at writing.
Changchang zh m m m: ng
Old in shape and old in age.
Dynamic growth; grow up
A famous leader; Chang Jun; Leadership; The highest ranking person in all kinds of organizations.
In this case, "long" means zh m: ng, grow, increase and then increase.
Knowledge zhī shí refers to the achievement of human understanding of the objective world (including human itself) in practice. It may include facts, information, descriptions or skills acquired in education and practice. It may be theory or practice. In philosophy, the study of knowledge is called epistemology. The acquisition of knowledge involves many complicated processes: feeling, communication and reasoning. Knowledge can also be regarded as the most fundamental factor that constitutes human wisdom.
Question 3: What is knowledge? What is knowledge? It is a kaleidoscope, which lets people see the colors inside.
Knowledge is a string of magical passwords, which makes people uncover countless mysteries.
Knowledge is a rich and fragrant wine, which makes people have an endless aftertaste after tasting it.
Knowledge storage is a treasure house, which makes people have a lot of valuable wealth.
Question 4: What is the difference between common sense and knowledge? Common sense is the basic knowledge in life, and knowledge is aimed at a certain major.
Question 5: What is the knowledge structure? The so-called reasonable knowledge structure is the most reasonable and optimized knowledge system with profound professional knowledge and extensive knowledge, which is actually needed for career development. Establish a reasonable knowledge structure, cultivate a scientific way of thinking, and improve the practical skills of defeating the enemy to meet the requirements of engaging in professional posts in society in the future. Knowledge structure refers to the composition and combination of a person's knowledge system after special study and training. Reasonable knowledge structure is a necessary condition for occupying professional posts in modern society, and it is also the basis for talent growth. Vocational posts in modern society need talents with reasonable knowledge structure, who can scientifically combine all kinds of knowledge to meet the social requirements according to the specific requirements of today's social development and occupation.
If you don't understand, keep asking questions and hope to adopt them. Thank you. (* _ _ *) Hee hee
Question 6: What is learning knowledge? Why learn knowledge? The elite knowledge society is developing, human beings are making progress, and the requirements of society for everyone are particularly harsh. It's just that human beings can adapt to the social environment, but they can't adapt the social environment to human beings. If they stop, they will be eliminated by society. How to occupy a place in this highly competitive social environment and how to let yourself roam freely in the ocean of society has become the thinking theme of every aspiring person.
First of all, we must understand why we study. Learn what? I believe that the word "learning" is familiar to everyone-it has been on my lips since the day I became sensible. At that time, I didn't know why I studied and for whom. As I grow older, I gradually understand the importance of learning. There is a saying in China that Gu Yan put it well: "It is never too old to learn"! The ancients all said so, which shows how much they attach importance to learning. It was through years of accumulation that the ancients told us the importance of knowledge with their own experiences. China is an ancient civilization and a country of etiquette, and knowledge is a symbol of civilization. Today's society is a complicated one, with people outside and mountains outside. You are better than me, and he is better than you. It can really be said that "the strong will always be strong."
Secondly, learning is necessary. We must first understand what is the necessity of learning. The necessity of learning means that we must study. If we don't study, we will fall behind and be beaten! We have realized the importance of learning, and the importance and necessity of learning complement each other. Society is progressing and developing in competition. What is competition? It is contradiction, and only contradiction can activate the pace of social development. To solve this contradiction well, we need to study and study hard.
Finally, we should keep pace with the times, keep pace with society and the world. When we know our learning purpose, we should correct our learning attitude; We have the purpose of learning and action. In order to study better, we should firmly remember what we have learned, make a detailed goal according to our own situation, and accomplish it conscientiously and persistently. In the process of learning, you will inevitably encounter all kinds of setbacks. Don't be discouraged and don't back down. But ask others with an open mind. If conditions permit, we can encourage each other and develop together. For professional study, we should strive for perfection and strengthen our study through various methods.
In a word, learning is an indispensable part of life. Strengthen your study and take it seriously! Knowledge is inexhaustible. People often say that "there is no end to learning", that is, we should always emphasize learning. As China people, we should study harder and harder to keep up with the pace of the world, so that our country will have a foothold in the world and will not be passively beaten. We should study hard and study hard! !
Question 7: What is subject expertise? Subject expertise refers to the theoretical knowledge of this major in the professional field.
For example, the basic theoretical knowledge of physical education major includes:
Physical education and health course: it is a compulsory course with physical exercise as the main means, knowledge, skills and methods of physical education and health as the main learning content, and with the main purpose of improving the health of high school students. It is an important part of the school curriculum system and an essential way to implement quality education and cultivate talents with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and beauty.
Health: refers to the fact that individuals are in good physical, psychological, social adaptation and other aspects, not just the absence of disease and weakness. A person can only be considered as a truly healthy person if he maintains a good state in physical, psychological and social adaptation. Physical education is the main means to promote health.
Emerging sports: refers to sports that are popular in the world, but are newly developed in China or deeply loved by teenagers, and are suitable for schools.
Exercise amount: refers to the physiological load that the human body completes in physical exercise.
Constitution: refers to the morphological structure of the human body, including the level of human growth and development, the overall index and proportion of the body, body shape and so on.
Wait a minute.
Theoretical knowledge refers to a knowledge system with strong generality and high abstraction. Theoretical knowledge is not scattered and sporadic knowledge, not individual and specific knowledge, but systematic and common knowledge. Theoretical knowledge often includes general knowledge and professional knowledge.
Question 8: What is knowledge? What is knowledge? Knowledge is the sky, knowledge is the earth, knowledge is a lamp in the dark, what is knowledge? Knowledge is the sea, mutual knowledge is the river, and knowledge is the rudder of the ship, so that you can see the direction clearly. What is knowledge? Knowledge can make you look around the world. What is knowledge? Knowledge allows you to observe the future. What is knowledge? It just makes you appreciate the right and wrong of the past. What is knowledge? Knowledge can let you know what is right and wrong.
Everyone has knowledge, but who can have real knowledge? With knowledge, you can fly underground and travel around the world. Everyone wants to have knowledge, because knowledge is the edge of the sea, the source of happiness, the end of the desert, the clouds in the blue sky and the sea beyond the mountain. Cross the sea to see land, cross the pain to see happiness, cross the desert to see rivers, cross the blue sky to see clouds, and cross the mountains to see the sea of hope.
Question 9: What is the right to know? Generally speaking, intellectual property rights refer to the exclusive rights that citizens, legal persons or other organizations enjoy according to law for their intellectual achievements in the fields of science and technology, literature and art, etc. Broadly speaking, the desire for intellectual property rights includes the rights of the following objects: literary, artistic and scientific works, performances by performing artists, records and radio programs, inventions in all fields of mankind, scientific discoveries, industrial designs, trademarks, service marks, commodity names and marks, cessation of unfair competition and all rights arising from intellectual activities in the fields of industry, science, literature and art. In a narrow sense, intellectual property rights only include copyright, patent right, trademark right, name right and the right to stop unfair competition, but do not include the right to scientific discovery, invention and other scientific and technological achievements. 2. The characteristics of intellectual property rights can be summarized as: (1) intangible property rights. (2) Confirmation or award must be directly stipulated by special national legislation. (3) Duality: both the nature of some personal rights (such as the right to sign) and the content of property rights. But the trademark right is an exception, it only protects property rights, not personal rights. (4) Appropriateness: Intellectual property belongs exclusively to the subject of rights. Without the consent of the creditor or special provisions of the law, no one except the creditor may enjoy or use this right. (5) Regionality: Intellectual property rights recognized and protected by a country's laws have legal effect only within the country. (6) Timeliness: the law stipulates a certain period of protection for intellectual property rights, and intellectual property rights are valid within the statutory period.
Question 10: What is knowledge? The definition of knowledge.
What is knowledge is still controversial in China. China's definition of knowledge is generally from a philosophical point of view. For example, the description of knowledge in the game Bible is "defining the entity and essence of all things as the right or wrong of knowledge." Encyclopedia of China? The entry of "knowledge" in education is as follows: "The so-called knowledge, as far as its content is concerned, is the attribute and connection of objective things and the reflection of the subjective image of the objective world in the human brain. As far as the form of activity is concerned, sometimes it is manifested as subjective perception or representation of things, which belongs to perceptual knowledge, and sometimes it is manifested as the concept or law of things, which belongs to rational knowledge. " From this definition, we can see that knowledge is the product of the unity of subject and object. It comes from the outside world, so knowledge is objective; However, knowledge itself is not an objective reality, but a reflection of the characteristics and connections of things in the human brain and a subjective representation of objective things. Knowledge is produced on the basis of the interaction between subject and object through the reflective activities of the human brain.
The above definition provides a philosophical basis for us to discuss the connotation of knowledge. The macroscopic understanding of philosophical reflection theory needs to be concretized from the perspective of individual cognition, so that it can be effectively used to guide the specific teaching of schools.
Knowledge classification
According to modern cognitive psychology, knowledge can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. Generalized knowledge can be divided into two categories, namely declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge.
1. declarative knowledge
Declarative knowledge is knowledge that describes the characteristics and relationships of objective things, also known as descriptive knowledge. Declarative knowledge mainly includes three different levels: symbolic representation, concept and proposition.
Symbolic representation is the simplest declarative knowledge. The so-called symbolic representation refers to the symbol that represents something. For example, the form of English words, numbers in mathematics, symbols in physical formulas, symbols of chemical elements, etc. What students learn is symbolic representation.
Concept is a reflection of the essential characteristics of a class of things and a complex declarative knowledge.
Proposition is the statement of the relationship between things and the most complicated declarative knowledge. Propositions can be divided into two categories: one is an unusual proposition, which only expresses the relationship between two or more special things. Another kind of proposition represents the relationship between several things or properties. This proposition is called generalization, such as "the diameter of a circle is twice its radius", and the multiple relationship here is universal.
2. Procedural knowledge
Different from philosophy, cognitive psychology studies knowledge from the perspectives of the source of knowledge, the generation process and manifestation of individual knowledge. For example, Piaget believes that experience (that is, knowledge) comes from the interaction between individuals and the environment. This kind of experience can be divided into two categories: one is physical experience, which comes from the outside world and is the understanding of objective things and their connections obtained by individuals acting on objects; The other is logic-mathematical experience, which comes from the actions of the subject and is the result of the individual's understanding of the coordination between actions. For example, children gain experience about quantity conservation by fiddling with objects, and students gain knowledge about mathematical principles through mathematical reasoning. Piaget's definition of knowledge is expressed from the generation process of individual knowledge. In the classification of educational objectives, Bloom thinks that knowledge is "the memory of specific things and universal principles, the memory of methods and processes, or the memory of models, structures or frameworks", which is a description of phenomena from the perspective of the contents contained in knowledge.