The time limit for poetry collection in this book began in the Han Dynasty and ended in the late Qing Dynasty. During this period, all the poems about Mencius or Meng Mu and Zisi, who are closely related to Mencius, contained in the above-mentioned stone carvings and historical records will be collected.
When collecting relevant information, this book adheres to the principle of using original materials. Where there are both stone carvings and prints, stone carvings are used, or if the stone carvings are destroyed and printed in multiple versions, the earliest version is used.
The contents of this book include: paying a visit to the cemetery of Zou Guo, leaving a name, paying a visit to the ancestral temple of Zou Guo, paying attention to the monument of Mencius, and the prime minister of Taishi praised the monument of Zou Mencius, and visiting the famous poems of Yasheng for the first time. Poems of Mencius Temple in Past Dynasties/china confucius foundation Library Download Public Comment Book Review Zou, the hometown of Mencius.
It was called Zhuilou in the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhuilou in the Warring States Period, and Lixian in the Qin and Han Dynasties. Later known as Zouxian County, Zoucheng City is located in its territory.
There are tombs and temples of Mencius, as well as Meng Mu Sanyun, Duanji, Zisi's The Doctrine of the Mean, Zisi Academy, Zisi Temple and other ancient relics, sites and memorial buildings related to Mencius. Such as the mausoleum of a hill, the temple hidden by cypress trees, and the vicissitudes of life, it is a holy place for people to mourn, pay homage and worship Mencius in past dynasties, and it is also a holy place for Confucianism to seek roots.
When people come to pay homage to Mencius, they are always driven by an emotion. After mourning, memorial and sacrifice, this emotion will be comforted, further sublimated and even full of emotion. Of course, this kind of emotional expression is the most elegant form.
"Zou Chengnan went to a famous temple, and the monument was full of poems." "The topic is half-poor, maybe seven?" This is the worshipper's praise and exclamation of many poems in the Meng Temple.
However, the Mencius Temple was not built after the death of Mencius, but was built by Daofu Kong, the 45th grandson of Confucius, in the fourth year of Jingyou in the Northern Song Dynasty (1037). At that time, Mencius was once again admired by Mr. Sun Fu, Mr. Hu Yuan and Mr. Shijie, but it was not officially recognized.
It was not until the sixth year of Yuanfeng (1083) that Zou Guogong in posthumous title. Subsequently, the Meng Temple moved from the side of Meng Tomb of Four Seasons Mountain, which is more than 30 miles away from Zoucheng, to Dongguo, Zoucheng.
Because of the low terrain, it is easy to be flooded. Xuanhe three years (1 12 1), donated by Xu Jian of Yi Shi, moved from Dongguo County to the left outside the south gate, that is, the current address. So before the Northern Song Dynasty, there were no inscriptions on Mencius Temple.
However, as early as the Western Han Dynasty, there were tributes to Meng Mu. These praises, praising Meng Mu every day, are actually triggered by Mencius. While praising Meng Mu, they also include the praise of Mencius.
Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty said to Mencius Fu in Biography of Lienv: "If you don't learn, you will have it, and if you don't break it, you won't stand. Zi Sui became a virtue, the highest in the world. "
Zuo Fen of the Western Jin Dynasty praised Meng Mu, saying, "Breaking the machine makes it prosperous, and robbing tombs is widely used.
Be wise and courteous, and describe the Holy Way. "This is the bud of poems about Meng.
The poems dedicated to Mencius in the Northern Song Dynasty did not exist in the Mencius Temple, but in the poetry collections of some scholars and politicians who respected Mencius. For example, Han Qi, who is as famous as Fan Zhongyan, wrote "Praise of Mencius", which further affirmed Han Yu's praise of Mencius in the Tang Dynasty: "If it is wine, it stops at Mencius."
"Compared with his great achievements, the ratio of cover to cover." "After Confucius, there is only one person."
Wang Anshi, on the other hand, sang seven verses: "You can't move your soul, but you should read it, which is the vane of thinking." Why don't you think the world is too pedantic, so there are people who comfort loneliness. "
Become a confidant of Mencius after thousands of years. Although the Mengmiao Temple was founded in the Northern Song Dynasty, there is still a process for people to accept it.
Before people could write poems, Jurchen drove Huidi and Qin Emperor away, and Zouxian became the ruler's territory. Because there is no human being, there is no one in the Meng Temple.
"The first teacher established a teacher to respect Kong Ji, whose soil is still grass." This is; The lament left by Zhao Ding's visit to the temple.
Worshipers quietly come to the Meng Temple, or carve inscriptions on tablets, or hide them in bottles for the future. Although the poems of Meng in the Jin Dynasty were rare, the poems of Meng in the temple of Meng began to appear in the Jin Dynasty.
The Mongolian rulers of the Yuan Dynasty chased Confucius and Mencius to the highest title, one was Dacheng Zhisheng Wang Wenxuan, and the other was Zou Guoya Gong Sheng. Even Mencius' parents were named "Guo Gong" and "Mrs. Guo Xuanxian" respectively.
At this time, the Meng Temple was rebuilt and expanded, and the number of believers in the temple increased day by day. But, somehow, few people have titles and recite them.
The few poems left are only at the end of the inscription. For example, Zhang Jing, a professor of Descendants of Confucius and Mencius, pleaded for Mencius in The Monument to the Temple of Mencius: "Who should I give up if I want peace?" I'm comfortable with what I met, and I don't care. Who knows I'm sad? "After Ming Taizu unified the country, although it worshiped Confucianism, it was greatly disgusted when it read the words" land interface "and" resentment "in Mencius. He not only ordered Liu Sanwu to write "Mencius Festival", deleted chapter 85 of "Mencius", but also expelled Mencius from the Confucius Temple.
In the case of Mencius being left out in the cold, local officials in Zouxian county are still scrambling to rebuild the Mencius Temple. Gui Meng, the first magistrate of a county, wrote after visiting the temple: "The old house is covered with moss and rain, and the temple is covered with ancient wood.
Seaweed recommends a glass of water to break the foundation, which is intended to have little effect. "。
Because the Meng Temple is close to the ancient road, there are Zhucheng and two post stations in Zouxian County. Passing court officials came to the temple in an endless stream, praising Mencius with the most beautiful poems. For example, in the book "Song of Sacrifice to Meng", the master wrote: "Mount Tai rocks match the rafters and achieve blazing.
Life is a saint, alcohol is alcohol, and benevolence is benevolence. The peony is auspicious, and the Taoist priest declares himself, but he does not fall ... "This is a sacrifice to the Lord, Meng Shi.
Xue Shu in Hedong wrote a poem: "By the ancient road of Zouguocong Temple, pines and cypresses have light smoke. Worship in the Que for a thousand years, and spread in Xu Anni for nearly a hundred years ... "This stone carving is embedded in the wall of the temple.
Later, Wang Huashang, Shao Shao and others competed for their rhyme. On the other hand, Zhu Chen and Li Wei respectively "invented the life name of Mencius" with five-character ancient prose rhymes.
Many people recite the same topic, and it is not uncommon for one person to recite many topics. Lu Yingtian, a customs official in Rudong, wrote three chapters of "Poems from the Back of the House", Bing Xu, a native of Tingshan, wrote six ancient poems of five words, and the seven wonders of the temples of Mencius, Menglin and Meng Mu all inherited Yangming's studies.
2. People's comments on Zhuangzi, Mencius, Laozi and Sima Qian. (The famous Confucius once described himself at the age of 62: "When you get angry, you forget your troubles and don't know that you will be old."
At that time, Confucius had led his disciples around the world for nine years and had gone through all the hardships. Not only did he not get the appointment of the governor, but he almost died. But Confucius was not discouraged, still optimistic, stuck to his ideals, and even knew that he could not do it. Confucius said, "Being unjust and rich is like a cloud to me". In Confucius' mind, upholding justice is the highest value of life. When there is a contradiction between rich and poor and morality, he would rather be poor than give up morality.
But we can't regard his peace and happiness as not seeking wealth, but seeking to maintain Tao, which is not in line with historical facts. Confucius once said: "Rich and expensive, people want what they want; If you don't take this road, you will accomplish nothing.
Poverty and meanness are disgusting to people; If you don't take the main road, you won't go. ""There is money to be found, and although it is beyond my reach, I can do it.
If you can't ask, just do as I say. "Never tire of learning, never tire of teaching. Confucius was famous for his eagerness to learn, and he showed great interest in all kinds of knowledge. Therefore, he was versatile and knowledgeable, and he was very famous at that time, and was almost regarded as an omniscient saint. But Confucius himself didn't think so. Confucius said, "I can't be a saint and never tire of learning or teaching. "
Confucius learned that there was no teacher. Whoever has knowledge and who doesn't understand will worship him as a teacher. Therefore, he said, "In a threesome, there must be a teacher." Confucius was upright in nature and advocated going straight. He once said, "I treat others, who will ruin my reputation?" If you are famous, you have to try.
Simin also, the reason why three generations go straight is also. According to Historical Records, when Confucius was in his thirties, he asked Lao Tzu to be polite. Before leaving, Laozi gave a sentence: "Smart and thorough, close to the dead, good at talking about people.
Those who argue the broad masses are in danger, and those who are evil are also. A son should not have himself, and a minister should not have himself. "
This is Lao Zi's kind reminder to Confucius, and it also points out some shortcomings of Confucius, that is, he looks at the problem too deeply and speaks too sharply, hurting some people with positions and bringing great danger to himself. Confucius founded the moral theory with benevolence as the core. He is also a kind person, compassionate, helpful, sincere and generous.
"Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", "A gentleman is beautiful as an adult, but not evil as an adult", and "Give up who I am and do my best" are all his life principles. [Edit this paragraph] The idea of governing the country by virtue in political thought is related to Confucius' benevolence, righteousness and propriety. In the general plan of governing the country, he advocated "governing the country by virtue", which is the noblest way to govern the country.
This strategy of governing the country is also called "rule by virtue" or "rule by courtesy". In fact, this strategy broke the traditional creed that courtesy is no less than Shu Ren's, and broke the original important boundary between nobles and civilians.
Confucius' theory of benevolence embodies the spirit of human nature, while Confucius' theory of propriety embodies the spirit of etiquette, that is, order and system in the modern sense. Humanism is the eternal theme of mankind, which is applicable to any society, any era and any government, and order and institutional society are the basic requirements for establishing a civilized human society.
This humanitarianism and order spirit of Confucius is the essence of China's ancient social and political thought. [Editor's paragraph] Modern development The new development of Confucius' theory in modern times refers to the neo-Confucianism produced under the condition of the collision and blending of Chinese and western civilizations after modern western civilization was imported into China.
The emerging "popular Confucianism" is the highest achievement of the development of contemporary neo-Confucianism. Confucius Congress: It's a great pleasure to have friends coming from afar. Confucius, a cultural saint who "respects heaven and earth, runs through ancient and modern times, deletes six classics and mourns the Constitution forever"; Confucianism is a value concept and ideological system based on Confucius' theory and Confucian masters' theory of past dynasties.
A few days ago, in Qufu, Shandong Province, Confucius' hometown, the first World Confucianism Conference jointly sponsored by the Ministry of Culture and the Shandong Provincial People's Government was held grandly. It is an international cultural forum and a high-standard academic event, and its convening is a major event in Confucianism.
Xu Jialu, former Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), Zhou Heping, Vice Minister of Culture, Masahiko Takemura, former Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary, and 172 experts, scholars and people from all walks of life from 22 countries and regions such as Chinese mainland, Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan Province Province, as well as 86 Confucian research institutions such as Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, the United States, France, Britain, Denmark and Australia. These experts, scholars and people from all walks of life from different countries, nationalities and cultures have conducted in-depth discussions and extensive dialogues on the historical research, contemporary value, modern interpretation, world communication, Confucianism and harmonious culture of Confucianism.
Once upon a time, the opening ceremony of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing vividly displayed the splendid 5,000-year Chinese civilization in front of the whole world. People of insight pointed out that its main line is the essence of Confucianism, that is, "being happy and eager to learn, respecting the middle and emphasizing harmony."
In 2008, the actor sang "It's a pleasure to have friends from afar"; In the sound of guqin, Confucius disciples dressed in ancient robes and holding bamboo slips read the Analects of Confucius in unison: "All the four seas are brothers", "Three people must learn from each other" and "Harmony is precious". The 887 movable type version transforms the word "harmony" into three different fonts, expressing China's humanistic concept of "harmony without difference" and "harmony is precious". The excellent Chinese traditional culture represented by Confucianism has been further spread in five continents, and "Confucius fever" and "Confucianism fever" are "paid help to add fuel to the fire".
Zhou Heping said that in the long river of history, Confucianism not only maintained its kind and harmonious spiritual characteristics, but also carried the cultural imprint of different times. It has developed with an open attitude and made important contributions to the continuation of world civilization. At the first World Congress of Confucianism, Confucianism in the new century once again issued a voice of the times that conforms to historical development and human interests.
Confucianism: There is no doubt that there are various problems in today's society. Ecological crisis, spiritual crisis, moral crisis and value crisis are profoundly affecting the healthy development of human society, and the fate of mankind and the fate of the earth are once again severely challenged. Professor Fu Yongju, president of Confucius Institute, pointed out that the resources of Confucianism can provide valuable wisdom for the handling and solution of these problems.
Dr Montenegro of Slovakia said that in order to create a "no".
3. How to comment on Mencius' famous saying Mencius (372-289 BC) was the Luhan people in the Warring States period. Name, word Yu Zi, word car, word viscount. My father is excited and my mother is Zou. Mencius' distant ancestor was Shi, an aristocrat of Lu, who moved from Lu to Zou. Mencius lost his father at the age of three, and Meng Mu raised him with great pains. Meng Mu has a tight grip on him. His stories, such as Meng Mu's Three Movements and Meng Mu's Broken Weave, have become timeless stories, which are models of maternal education in later generations. Born in the fourth year of the reign of Zhou, he died in the twenty-sixth year. He was a great thinker and educator in ancient China. One of the representatives of Confucianism in the Warring States period. He is the author of Mencius, which belongs to a collection of recorded prose. Mencius is a compilation of Mencius' speeches, written by Mencius and his disciples, which recorded Mencius' language, political opinions (benevolent politics, fraternity, non-aggression, advocating peace and opposing war) and political actions. Mencius studied under Kong Ji (Confucius' grandson is usually a student who studied under Kong Ji), inherited and developed Confucius' thoughts, and became a Confucian master second only to Confucius, known as "the sage of Asia" and known as "Confucius and Mencius" together with Confucius. Mencius once imitated Confucius and led his disciples to lobby countries. But it was not accepted by all countries at that time. He retired and wrote books with his disciples. Mencius has been handed down from generation to generation in seven chapters: Liang Wanghui; "Gongsun Ugly" up and down; "Teng Wengong" up and down; Li Lou; "Zhang Wan" up and down; "Gao Zi" goes up and down; Heart and soul. His theoretical starting point is the theory of good nature, which puts forward "benevolent governance" and "kingly governance" and advocates rule by virtue. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu called Mencius, The Analects of Confucius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean the Four Books. From then until the end of Qing Dynasty, "Four Books" had been a compulsory part of the imperial examination. Mencius' article is eloquent, magnificent and good at argumentation. Mencius put forward the theory of good nature. Concern is the goodness of human nature, not the goodness of human nature.
Mencius is one of the most important representatives of Confucianism, but his position before the Song Dynasty was not very high. Since Han Yu wrote The Original Road in the mid-Tang Dynasty and listed Mencius as the only figure in pre-Qin Confucianism who inherited Confucian orthodoxy, there has been an "upgrading movement" of Mencius, and the status of Mencius and his works has gradually risen. Song Shenzong Xining four years (107 1), Mencius was included in the imperial examination for the first time. In the sixth year of Yuanfeng (1083), Mencius was officially named "Zou Guogong" for the first time, and he was allowed to enjoy the Confucius Temple the following year. Later, Mencius was promoted to a Confucian classic. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu combined Mencius with The Analects of Confucius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean into four books, and their actual status was even higher than that of the Five Classics. From the Yuan Dynasty to the first year of Shun Dynasty (1330), Mencius was named "Asian Saint" and later called "Asian Saint", ranking second only to Confucius. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang edited the Mencius Festival, and deleted the chapters and sentences in Mencius, such as "People are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the least", and "A thief is called a husband, and it is unheard of to kill a gentleman".
4. Meng Zi's poem "Reading Mencius" Time: Song Author: Wang Ling went to Liang without any reason, but I don't know.
Although the world is not peaceful, it is my business and my own body is ruined. No one heard the news later and didn't call the teacher.
Scholars should be arrogant and don't care about the world. Today, some people doubt their heritage. Mencius Year: Song Author: Wang Anshi's soul is deep and immovable. I want to read it and think about the weather vane.
Why not the world is too pedantic, so there are people who comfort the lonely. Ten Poems of Sage Filial Piety Mencius Time: Song Author: How can Lin Tong be older and learn from his teacher?
Knowing that it was Children's Day, Sanqian felt the kindness of her mother. "Reading Mencius" Time: Song Author: Thousand-year-old scholars push this plan, I like to sneak a peek.
If you don't have a few close friends, it's hard for you to succeed. Smart and full of snobbery, sores and hunger and cold.
Mr. Li is naturally a guest of Qi Liang. Who will watch Shang Yan Weishui?
5. Comment on the famous aphorisms of Confucius and Mencius and learn from them.
Confucius' famous saying. From the Analects of Confucius: "Confucius said:' Learning from the times is not pleasant?' Wang Su's note: "It is a pleasure to study in the back class, because there is no waste in the study." Wang understands "learning" and "learning" as one meaning, which seems to refer specifically to reading. But Confucius taught people to learn "six arts", including etiquette, music, archery, bending, calligraphy and mathematics, and "reciting" was only "one end" (see Liu Baonan's The Analects). Huang Kan said, "There were three times when I was studying." One refers to age, the other refers to season, and the third refers to morning and evening. Jiang, a close friend, believes that "learning means knowing the new, and learning means judging the old" (Introduction to Thirteen Classics).
Be sensitive to things and cautious about words.
Confucius' famous saying. From the Analects of Confucius: "Confucius said:' A gentleman does not have enough to eat and is restless. He is sensitive to things and cautious in speaking. The Analects of Confucius: "A gentleman speaks slowly but acts quickly". The same meaning. It means diligent and agile, but careful in speaking. Zhu Note: "Anyone who is sensitive to things is unwilling to do so. Those who are cautious dare not do everything they have. " ("The Analects of Confucius") explained: "It is difficult to do things, so it is sensitive; Words are easy to say, so be careful. " (Zhuzi Folklore, Volume 22) In addition, it is also recorded in Xunzi Zidao, Hanshu Yiwenzhi and Shuoyuan Zayan that Confucius Lutz is "cautious about what he says".
Learning without thought is lost, thinking without learning is dangerous
Confucius' famous saying. From the Analects of Confucius: "Confucius said,' Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous'." ""confused ",confused. Zheng Xuan Note: Ignorance, ignorance. "Danger" has two meanings: first, danger, and doubt cannot be determined. One is exhausted, mentally exhausted and without income. A current solution. This sentence can be combined with the chapter "Review the past and learn the new". Close friend Yang Shuda's note: "Those who look back on the past but can't learn new things learn without thinking, and those who want to know new things without looking back on the past think without learning." Confucius advocated paying equal attention to learning and thinking, which had a great influence on Confucius' younger brother. For example, Xia Zi said he was knowledgeable and thoughtful, while the golden mean said he was knowledgeable and thoughtful. They all thought that learning and thinking should not be neglected.
People who don't believe don't know what they can do.
Confucius' famous saying. From the Analects of Confucius, "Confucius said:' People don't believe it, and they don't know what they can do. "Zheng Xuan's Note:" I don't know what I can do, and it's not feasible to say it. " . Kong Anguo's Note: "If you don't believe what you say, you will have nothing." . Zhu said: "If a person's face is not true and sincere, then everything he says is false." ("Zhuzi School" Volume 24) Jiang's best friend divided the letter into two meanings: "What you said must be true; If you say it, you will be able to practice it. " Confucius and later Confucianism attached great importance to faith. "Keep your word, and do what you want" (The Analects of Confucius Wei Linggong) is the principle of Confucius' life.
Speak slowly and act quickly.
Confucius' famous saying. From the Analects of Confucius: "Confucius said,' A gentleman speaks without doing anything'". Bao Xian notes: "Stupid, dull. If you want to talk late, you will want to get sick. " Zhu quoted Xie as saying: "it's easy to speak, so I want to be plain;" It is difficult to practice, so I want to be sensitive. " There are many synonymous sentences in The Analects of Confucius, such as "Be careful in the end, you will regret" (politics), "The ancients can't speak, they are not ashamed to bow" (establishing a man), and "A gentleman is ashamed to do what he says" (virtuous writing), all of which can reflect Confucius' consistent thought of being cautious in speaking. See "Sensitivity and Caution".
Mencius' famous saying
(1) If you don't follow the rules, you can't be Fiona Fang.
Without compasses and rulers, squares and circles cannot be drawn correctly.
(2) Correct, then weight; Degree, then know the length.
Only when translation has weight can we know the weight; Measure it and you'll know the length.
(3) People can do something without doing it, and then they can do something.
People can only make a difference if they don't do it.
(4) Although there are things that are easy to live in the world, if it is violent for one day and cold for ten days, no one can live.
Even if there is a plant that grows most easily, if it is dried for one day and frozen for ten days, nothing can grow again.
(5) sharp is slow.
People who advance too hard will retreat too fast.
(6) the official of the heart, what you think, what you get. Not without thinking.
The organ function of the heart lies in thinking, which can be obtained only by thinking, but can not be obtained without thinking.
(7) Born in sorrow, died in happiness.
Sadness and injury are enough to make people live, and comfort and happiness are enough to make people die.
(8) Only the benevolent should occupy high positions. Being unkind and in a high position is to spread its evil to the public.
Only virtuous and kind people should be in the leading position. If an immoral person with low morality is in a dominant position, he will spread his sins to the masses.
(9) The son of heaven is ruthless and does not care about the four seas; The princes are heartless and do not protect the country; Doctor Qing is ruthless and does not protect the ancestral temple; Shu Ren is heartless. He didn't protect his four bodies.
If the son of heaven cannot be kind, he cannot keep his world; If the princes are unkind, they will lose their country; Qing and the doctor can't be good, so they can't keep his ancestral temple; Ordinary people can't be kind, so they can't keep fit.
(10) The monarch is kind and invincible.
The king of a country loves benevolence, and the world is invincible.
(1 1) save punishment, collect taxes thinly, and cultivate deeply easily (N U).
Reduce punishment and taxes, let people work hard and get rid of dirty grass early.
(12) The benevolent is invincible.
The benevolent is invincible in the world.