1. Learn about The Analects.
2. Master the classical Chinese knowledge such as keywords, words and sentences in the text. Can summarize the phenomenon of classical Chinese in the text and accurately translate the sentences in the text.
3. According to the characteristics of language, we can grasp the distinctive personality in the text and appreciate the writing method of expressing personality through language and action.
4. Understand Confucius' political thoughts and superb educational art, and establish a correct outlook on life.
Teaching focus
1. Master the classical Chinese knowledge such as keywords, words and sentences in the text. Can summarize the phenomenon of classical Chinese in the text and accurately translate the sentences in the text.
2. According to the characteristics of language, we can grasp the distinctive personality in the text and appreciate the writing method of expressing personality through language and action.
3. Understand Confucius' political thoughts and superb educational art, and establish a correct outlook on life.
Teaching difficulties
Understand why Confucius? Huh? Yuhe? With what? Point. So as to understand Confucius' political thoughts and ideas.
teaching method
Read aloud, discuss, explain and analyze, and guide.
Teaching time
2 class hours
teaching process
First, import
If you want to know the history of China, you must know Confucius. If you want to study the culture of China, you must study the Analects of Confucius. It is a treasure house of China culture, and its profound thoughts have been immortal for thousands of years. 1998 1 10 In October, Nobel Prize winners from all over the world gathered in Paris to make a declaration. If human beings want to survive in 2 1 century, they must go back 2500 years and learn the wisdom of Confucius. ? Let's approach Confucius and bathe in his sacred wisdom!
Second, know (understand the background)
1. Understanding Confucius
Confucius, born in Shandong at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, was a politician, thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, from September 28th, 5565438 BC (August 27th of the lunar calendar) to April 1 1 year BC (February 11th of the lunar calendar). The core of thought is benevolence, which advocates the rule of courtesy in politics and encourages people to be officials, that is? Come out to work . Did you travel around the world in your later years and tidy up? Six classics? Poetry, books, rites, music, the Book of Changes, the Spring and Autumn Period. After the Han dynasty, Confucius' theory became the ruling thought of feudal society for more than two thousand years.
2. Understand Confucius' educational thoughts.
Educational goal: teach without distinction.
Teaching characteristics: ① Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and learning from each other's strengths.
② Combination of learning and thinking, integration of knowledge and action.
③ Enlighten and induce, step by step.
Don't be ashamed to ask questions, review the past and learn new things.
⑤ Never tire of learning and never tire of teaching.
3. Understand the Analects of Confucius
The Analects of Confucius is a collection of prose that records the style. It is a record of Confucius' words and deeds compiled by Confucius' disciples, which comprehensively reflects Confucius' philosophy, politics, culture and educational thoughts, and is an important Confucian work. Song Confucianism is called Analects of Confucius, University, Doctrine of the Mean, Mencius? Four books? . There are 20 Analects of Confucius, each of which is divided into several chapters, which are not connected with each other; Concise, it contains Confucius' profound knowledge and rich life experience; While remembering words, it conveys the attitude of the characters; In some chapters, it also vividly embodies the personality characteristics of the characters; Many of these incisive remarks have become common proverbs and idioms, which have a great influence on later literary language. The Five Classics refer to poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, the Book of Changes and the Spring and Autumn Period.
4. Solve the problem
? Waiter? Is to serve the elders, and the elders are Confucius. Confucius was omitted from the text and was not written. The teacher is accompanied by students. The ages of, Zeng, Gong Xihua and Confucius are 565, 438+0, 39, 365, 438+0, 65, 438+08 and 60 respectively. , Zeng, Gong Xihua sat with Confucius. It is a fragment of Confucius guiding students to talk about life ideals. Through the dialogue between Confucius and four students, taking the expression of ambition as a clue, the students' interests and personalities were written, and Confucius' thoughts and attitudes were expressed.
Students, Zeng, Gong Xihua sit with Confucius.
Third, recitation (overall perception)
1. Recording or teacher's module reading, overall perception.
2. Guide students to say the correct pronunciation, read together, and grasp the pronunciation and rhythm.
Pronunciation of key words and sentence reading;
Ceng Yi (xρ) Yi (shěn) Dancer (y? ) Genger
Xiao Xiang (Xi? Ng) than (bǐ) and crown (gu? N) zhe kui (ku? ) However,
It's gone. Extraordinary/written by three sons.
3. Guide the students to read the text silently against the notes and grasp the meaning of the text in combination with the notes as a whole.
(After discussion and communication, the teacher gives guidance. )
Hug: This article tells about the dialogue between Confucius and students about determination. The article first writes that Confucius inspires students to talk about ambition, then narrates that Luz, Ceng Yong, You Ran, Gong Xihua and others talk about ambition, and finally writes Confucius' evaluation of ambition. Confucius asked Tzu Chi, and the four students' answers seemed different on the surface, but they were all based on? Ritual therapy? Centered and purposeful.
Fourth, translation (mastering words and expressions)
Discuss in groups, clarify key words and sentences, and write notes. The teacher selectively adopts the way of physical projection. The note-taking group recommended a classmate to explain key words, words and sentences, and the teacher gave guidance and corrected them. Teachers can appropriately prompt the following keywords, words and sentences (in the text notes? Foundation? Make up, projection).
1.
Seclusion means staying at home.
Take between big countries (with prepositions? Yu? , at)
Seeking is also for it (between subject and predicate, modal particles, no translation)
Duan (? Where's Duan Are nouns used as verbs?)
The wind is dancing (noun used as verb, blowing)
For the small (double object structure,? Small? Both? For what? Object of)
2. Key sentences. (student translator)
A. if one day I grow up, I won't.
B. If I know you.
C. the author of three extraordinary sons.
D. what are the words of three sons?
E. sixty or seventy, say fifty or sixty, not a country, who is safe?
F. Red is small, but who can be big?
G. Then why?
H. Plus learning from teachers
Five, the structure (grasp the train of thought)
Grasp the structure and ideas of the text as a whole.
Part I (1 paragraph): seeking records.
The second part (? Lutz leads me and points? ): narrative.
The third part (? The third son came out? At the end of the article): Comments.
If it is divided into two layers, it is also possible to combine one and two into one part.
Six, analysis (research learning)
Design 1: (heuristic)
Read the text, read by roles, and experience the different personalities of several roles.
(a) record of inquiry and narrative
1. Luz: ambitious, frank, reckless and rash.
(Confucius asked Tzu Chi, and Luz spoke first. In his view, it only takes three years to govern a medium-sized country well, even if there are internal and external troubles. In the speech, the tone is very positive. This shows its great ambition. Of the four disciples present, Luz is the oldest-only older than Confucius Xiao Jiu, and usually closer to Confucius, so he is not so cautious in his words. However, as soon as Confucius' voice fell, Lutz spoke first without thinking deeply, which really reflected his reckless side.
2. You Ran: Modest and prudent, very measured in his speech.
(You Ran didn't speak until Confucius asked questions by name. Lutz just said that he can govern a medium-sized country, while You Ran said that he can only govern a small country. First of all? Fang 60 or 70? Say it again? Like fifty or sixty? It shows that he is very cautious about his ability estimation. He also believes that after three years, his achievements will be limited to? Zumin? One thing, as for music education, it is not what I can do. It can be seen that You Ran wants to make a difference, but he doesn't want to overestimate himself.
3. Gong Xihua: courteous, eloquent.
Gong Xihua didn't announce his ambition until Confucius called the roll. He is interested in etiquette and music education, but because You Ran just talked about it? If you are polite, you can be a gentleman? To avoid posing as a gentleman, he said modestly? If you can't do it, what are you willing to learn? Then euphemistically say your ambition, what are you willing to do for a small photo? , in? Item? You added one before? Small? Word, gives people the feeling that they just want to be a small official who pays tribute to master of ceremonies, but it's actually the bottom? Item? Status is not low. From his short words, especially two. Would you like to? One word. Study? One word. Small? Words, you can see that he has the characteristics of rhetoric)
4. Zeng, Zhili Philharmonic, is free and easy, and stands out from the crowd.
(Zeng Pingyi is modest, from? Drum, drum, drum, drum, drum? You can see from the action expression. What I once said is completely different from others. If he doesn't talk about politics, he is running the country; Don't say alliance, but portray a scene and describe a scene:? Mo Chun, the achievement of spring clothes, has five or six champions and six or seven boys. Bath is deduction, and wind is singing and dancing. ? Judging from the poetic scene description, Zeng's ideal is expressed in twists and turns; It seems to be so carefree. Combining political and moral ideals into a furnace, a spring breeze and a warm spring can be understood as both the sustenance of political ideals and the pursuit of moral cultivation, which gives readers a lot of room for thinking. )
summary
Luz: Ambitious, frank, reckless and rash.
You Ran: Modest and prudent, and very measured in speaking.
Gong Xihua: Humble and courteous, clever and eloquent.
Zeng, who knows etiquette, loves music, is free and elegant, and stands out from the crowd.
(2) Evaluation of records
Read the text and experience Confucius' evaluation of his disciples.
Dunlu: I agree with his ambition to govern the country, but I don't think the content and attitude of his conversation are modest. What does this belong to? What he said was impolite? .
There is no positive comment on You Ran, but it can be seen that he is satisfied.
Gong Xihua: I think he underestimated himself and can take on more important work.
Yes, Zeng: I agree with his ambition, that is, I hope everyone in the society can understand the ritual and philharmonic, and the world is peaceful and the society is harmonious.
Why did Confucius agree with Zeng?
Because his ideal is the highest state of etiquette, and what does Confucius expect? The wind is clean, the bath is beautiful, the old people are safe, and the people are happy? Consistent with the peaceful scene. Tell the scene of peace and prosperity pursued by Confucius, so praise it. Because Confucius didn't meet his talent, he had to sigh.
This idyllic leisurely life can't be found or experienced in real life, so we have to sigh that this life is beautiful and wonderful after all, so we have to praise it.
Confucius didn't meet his own talent, and it was disappointing that his disciples were still learning with such talent at such an old age, so he lamented, while his students were praised for their high talent and pursuit.
(3) Experience the image of Confucius
1. Why didn't Confucius just ask? If you know me, why don't you start with yourself?
Look at the first paragraph. Please read aloud by individual students.
Clarity: Start from yourself, put yourself on an equal footing with students, dispel students' concerns and pave the way for the following questions. It embodies Confucius' modest, kind and persuasive teaching style.
2. What else embodies Confucius' teaching style?
Clear:? What are the disadvantages? Also speak your mind! ? Encourage Ceng Dian to speak his mind.
Summary:
Confucius is a passionate and strict teacher, with a modest and cordial attitude, implicit criticism, inducing patience and encouraging enthusiasm; Educators and thinkers teach students in accordance with their aptitude and are good at playing the leading role of teachers. As a great thinker and educator, his superb teaching art is embodied in the following aspects:
1 approachable As soon as you open your mouth, you will appear gentle and polite, dispelling students' concerns about speaking. If one day I grow up, don't I? Full of love and expectation for students.
2 Guide the situation according to the situation. Confucius aimed at disciples' love of hair at ordinary times? No, I know, right? Complain and ask? If you know me, why bother? The question is highly targeted.
(3) enlighten. After Lutz, You Ran and Gong Xihua each stated their ambitions, Ceng Yong felt that his ambitions were quite different from those of the other three, and he didn't want to express his opinions. Confucius said:? What are the disadvantages? Also speak your mind! ? Encourage Ceng Yong to talk about his ideals.
4 evaluation is appropriate. A speech to Luz? Master Yi Zhi? ; Speech to Zeng Yao? Me and the point? . After four students stated their ambitions, Confucius summed them up. He raised their speech to? Ritual therapy? It has risen to the height related to governing the country, affirmed the mainstream and pointed out the shortcomings, which has important guiding significance.
Design 2: Discussion style
Discuss the following questions in groups and fill in the forms respectively.
Group a: (table 1)
1. How did the four disciples describe their ambitions? What kind of personalities do they have?
2. What are the main ways to portray characters in the text?
3. Where are you from? Young students? What is your inspiration?
Clear: See the table for details.
Group B: (Table 2)
1. How did Confucius evaluate ambition?
2. Why did Confucius want it? Take some? And then what? What kind of political thought does Confucius have?
3. What about Confucius' art of education? Summarize the image of Confucius in this article.
Clear: See the table for details.
Form 1:
Table 2:
The image of Confucius:
A is an enthusiastic and strict teacher. Modest and friendly attitude, implicit criticism, patient induction, enthusiastic encouragement.
He is a living politician with both ambition and pain. Confucius originally asked his disciples how to display their political ambitions, but Ceng Yong talked about the natural pleasure of joining the embrace of nature. Confucius? Awkward? Great. This shows the contradiction in Confucius' thought. In his life, the dominant aspect of Confucius' thought was active in the world. He travels around the world, hoping to follow his example. Ren? His views improved the politics at that time, but they hit a wall everywhere.
Seven. Introduction (extended)
Experience? Speech?
Problem design:
1. Which Confucius student do you prefer? Why?
2. What is your ambition? How will you realize your ambition?
3. What can you learn from this article combined with your study? What are the inspirations?
Eight. abstract
A short essay, so vivid and rich. Its words are small, but its purpose is great.
Like other chapters in The Analects, this article discusses Confucius' thoughts and knowledge. But the spread of ideas and knowledge depends not on empty preaching, but on unique images. Through the harmonious dialogue between Confucius and his four disciples, this paper shows Confucius' political ambition and pursuit. When describing Confucius' ambitions and ideals, the author not only recorded the words and deeds of Confucius and his four disciples, but also created a number of vivid characters. Whether it's frankness and conceit, Ran's generosity and humility, Gong Xihua's forbearance and humility, Ceng Yong's magnanimity and freedom, and Confucius' exhortation, they are all vivid in my mind. Reading today, the characters are still the same.
Theme center
Is this article Confucius? Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude? Examples of. Through the dialogue between Confucius and four students, taking the expression of ambition as a clue, the students' interests and personalities were written, and Confucius' thoughts and attitudes were expressed.
Writing characteristics
1. The outstanding feature of this article is that it can be described according to everyone's personality characteristics. The speeches of the five people are in line with their respective personalities, identities, interests and upbringing, which are profound and vivid.
2. The whole article is based on? Speech? Organize materials with the center as the center, with clear thinking, clear hierarchy, no branches and vines, and clear meaning. table
At present, the strength is strong.
3. Successfully use dialogue and character movements to create characters. The dialogue between Confucius' teachers and students will make the characters' emotions linguistic.
State, spiritual temperament, are incisively and vividly, concise and subtle, vivid and touching.
Nine, homework:
Essay? Unforgettable teaching Writing training, requirements: express the characteristics of characters through language description.