wangyue
Appreciation 1
Du Fu's poem "Looking at the Mountain" has three poems, which are divided into Dongyue (Taishan), Nanyue (Hengshan), Xiyue (Huashan). This song is about looking at Dongyue Mount Tai. In the twenty-fourth year of Kaiyuan (736), the 24-year-old poet began to live a roaming life of "Qiu Ma Qing Kuang". This poem was written when he traveled to Qi and Zhao (today's Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places in the north). It is the earliest existing poem by Du Fu. The lines are filled with the vigorous vitality of young Du Fu.
There is no word "looking" in the whole poem, but every sentence is written to look towards the mountains. The distance is from far to near, the time is from morning to dusk, and we look at the mountains and think about the future climbing of the mountains.
The first sentence "How is Mr. Dai Zong?" It describes the excitement, wonder and admiration that I felt when I first saw Mount Tai. I was so happy that I didn't know how to describe it. It is very expressive. Dai is the alias of Mount Tai. Because it ranks first among the five mountains, it is revered as the Dai Zong. "How is your husband?" means how is it? The word "husband" is usually a virtual character used at the beginning of a sentence in ancient Chinese prose. It is a new creation and unique to incorporate it into the poem here. Although the word "husband" has no real meaning, it is indispensable. The so-called "lifelike portrayal is in Adu".
"Qilu is still young" is the answer I came up with after some speculation. It is really an astonishing sentence. It does not say that Mount Tai is high in the abstract, nor does it describe it with general language such as "Cui Xi stabs the sky" like Xie Lingyun's "Taishan Yin", but writes his own experience ingeniously - in the ancient Qilu and Qilu kingdoms From outside the country, you can still see Mount Tai, which lies far across the country. The height of Mount Tai is highlighted by its distance. The south of Mount Tai is Lu, and the north of Mount Tai is Qi. Therefore, this sentence describes the geographical features and cannot be used when writing about other mountains. In the Ming Dynasty, Mo Ruzhong wrote in his poem "Dengdong County Wangyue Tower": "Qilu is still young, who can succeed the Duling people in this poem?" He specifically mentioned this poem and believed that no one could succeed, which is reasonable.
The two sentences "The clock of creation is beautiful, and the yin and yang cut off the dusk" describe the magical beauty and majestic image of Mount Tai seen in the near view. They are a footnote to the previous sentence "The green is not over". The word "clock" expresses the sentimentality of nature. The side facing the sun in front of the mountain is called "yang", and the side behind the mountain facing away from the sun is called "yin". Because the mountain is high, the dusk and dawn of the sky are divided between the yin and yang sides of the mountain, so it is called "cutting the dusk and dawn". "Cut" is originally a common word, but when used here, it really means "odd danger". It can be seen from this that the poet Du Fu's creative style of "continuing to die without surprising words" was already developed in his youth.
The two sentences "Strata of clouds grow in the breasts, and returning birds enter the canthus" are written about careful observation. Seeing the endless clouds in the mountains, my heart was rippling; because I stared at it for a long time, I felt as if my eye sockets were bursting. "Returning bird" is a bird that returns to its nest in the forest. It can be seen that it is already dusk, but the poet is still looking at it. It goes without saying that it contains the poet's love for the mountains and rivers of his motherland.
"You will be at the top of the mountain, and you will have a panoramic view of all the small mountains." These last two sentences describe the desire to climb the mountain that comes from looking at the mountain. "Huidang" is a Chinese colloquialism, which means "must". For example, in Wang Bo's "Spring Thoughts": "Hui will break away from the wind and dust in one fell swoop, and the verdant covered pavilion will come to spring." Sometimes the word "hui" is used alone, such as Sun Guangxian's "Bei Meng Suo Yan": "One day I will kill this Zhuzi!" That is, There are often single words in Du's poems, such as "In this life, that old Shu will return to Qin if he doesn't die!" ("Sending Yan Gong to the Dynasty") If "huidang" is interpreted as "should", it will be inaccurate and dull.
From these two inspiring and symbolic poems, we can see the poet Du Fu's ambition and spirit of not being afraid of difficulties, daring to climb to the top, and looking down on everything. This is the key to Du Fu becoming a great poet, and it is also indispensable for all people who make a difference. This is why these two lines of poetry have been recited by people for thousands of years and can still arouse strong resonance in us. Pu Qilong in the Qing Dynasty believed that Du's poems "should be headed by this" and said, "Du Zi's mind and spirit are impressive. Take them as a scroll and stand tall as a town." ("Reading Du Xinjie") It is from this point of view. Focus on the symbolic meaning of the two poems. This is consistent with Du Fu's "comparison between Ji and Qi" in politics, and his "Qi Piao Qu Jia Lei, short sight Cao Liu Qiang" in creation.
It is precisely because "creation" has given all its divine energy to Mount Tai, that Mount Tai also cuts off the dusk with its unique appearance and participates in creation. "Zhuangzi" says: "The beginning of creation is the change of yin and yang." In the third and fourth sentences, "creation" and "yin and yang" are written in pairs, intentionally or unintentionally causing the yin and yang energy between heaven and earth to operate around Mount Tai. potential. In ancient books, Mount Tai is often described as "the spirit of Dongyue, the atmosphere of creation, is the birth of two rituals" (Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, "Ji Daiyue Wen") or "the place where all things in the east begin to be explained" ("Tongyi of the Five Classics") concept. It can be seen that Du Fu was deeply influenced by this kind of concept.
In the above four sentences, the author outlines an all-encompassing and transcendent Mount Tai with a majestic and calm pen; the next four sentences gradually penetrate into the author's own intimate feelings, and the poet wants to convey his far-reaching and vast thoughts. Become one with the vast and vast Mount Tai.
"Throwing clouds in the chest" is a wonderful pen of inheritance. Although the author did not write about Mount Tai directly at this time, he wrote about the depth of Mount Tai through the endless and floating clouds and mist in the mountain. The poet, who was agitated and full of thoughts as the clouds appeared on the mountain, also had a mind like Mount Tai who was puffing out clouds and mist. Just as vast. One "dang" and one "life", from stillness to movement, added vitality to the solemn Mount Tai, and the poet's interest also reached a small climax.
"The returning bird returns to the canthus" further demonstrates the poet's broad mind. This is a relatively subtle sentence in the whole poem, but it shows the infinite vastness of Mount Tai in the soaring birds. The flying birds make the poem more dynamic and inspire the author's imagination.
Whether you look at it from afar, up close or carefully, you can never fully see the mountains. The uniqueness of Mount Tai lies in its condescending manner, overlooking the peaks. Therefore, after a great Chinese philosopher climbed Mount Tai, he felt that the world had become smaller: "Confucius climbed to the east mountain and became small Lu, and climbed Mount Tai and became small the world." ("Mencius·Jinxin Pian") And it was Du Fu who climbed to the highest point with his arms in his arms. I came to Wangyue with the mood of idealism and creating the most brilliant achievements.
If you read the poem "Wang Yue" carefully, you will deeply feel that there is infinite vitality in the vast and majestic natural scenery. This vitality belongs to an ancient civilization that is both ancient and young. The dignity of "Daizong", the antiquity of "Qilu", the vastness of "good fortune" and "yin and yang", and the magnanimity of Confucius' mind when he climbed to the top of Mount Tai are all vivid manifestations of the vitality and wisdom of the ancient civilized country. As for a poet, only when he integrates his ambitions and ideals into the infinite vitality of the nation's broad spirit, can his poetry last as long as the mountains and rivers of the motherland. This poem "Wang Yue" is an immortal poem that belongs to Du Fu himself and to the nation. (Li Lienan)
Appreciation 3
This poem is the earliest of the existing Du poems, and the lines are filled with the vigorous vitality of the young Du Fu.
The two sentences in the first couplet describe the tall and majestic scene of Mount Tai from a distance. The chapter begins with a question, forming an abrupt momentum that arouses the whole article. "How is your husband" expresses the poet's excitement, joy, wonder and speculation when he first sees Mount Tai. The second sentence uses a large stroke of brush to paint a green mountain scenery, showing the tallness and majesty of Mount Tai.
The two-sentence couplet depicts the magical, beautiful and towering image of Mount Tai from a close-up perspective. "Zhongshenxiu" describes the magical beauty of Mount Tai; "Cie Duixiao" describes the majesty of Mount Tai. The word "bell" gives nature an emotional color, conveying the poet's love and praise for Mount Tai. The word "cut" is used in a novel and powerful way, as if "dun" and "dawn" were cut by Mount Tai, which expresses the majestic and high momentum of Mount Tai. This combination of virtual and real turns static into movement, making the static mountain peaks full of vitality.
The two neck couplets write about Mount Tai from the perspective of gazing, and try their best to show the height of Mount Tai through dynamic pictures. The small object "bird" is used here to set off the vast and distant scenery, which is a bit eye-catching and expressive. It was late in the evening when the "returning bird" was illuminated, but the poet was still looking at it. He was so absorbed in it, which shows that the poet loved the mountain. This couplet uses clouds and birds to highlight the tallness and majesty of Mount Tai, and describes the poet's ecstasy and turbulent inner feelings while looking at Mount Tai for a long time, showing the poet's broad mind.
The two sentences at the end describe the poet's desire to reach the "top" arising from looking up at Mount Tai.
The poet uses imaginary situations to set off and render the scene in front of him. The word "Ling" expresses the determination and heroic spirit of climbing to the top of Mount Tai. "Looking at the Small Mountains at a Glance" describes his imaginary feeling of climbing to the top and overlooking the mountains. It is very poetic and powerful. From these two sentences, we can see the poet Du Fu's ambition of not being afraid of difficulties, daring to climb to the top and overlooking all things. (This is the key to Du Fu becoming a great poet, and it is also indispensable for all people who make a difference. This is why these two poems have been recited by people for thousands of years and can still arouse our attention to this day* The reason why ** is ringing.)
The whole poem uses the word "wang" as a red line, and the scenes blend together. In terms of distance, looking is from far to near. In terms of time, looking is from morning to dusk. From looking at the mountains, we can imagine the scene of climbing the mountains and looking far away in the future. In terms of description method, this poem is a mixture of virtuality and reality, from scene to emotion, from emotion to scene, from emotion to scene, and from scene to scene.
Appreciation 4
Bold-minded and high-spirited - reading Du Fu's poem "Wang Yue"
How about Dai Zongfu? Qilu is still young. Good fortune is beautiful, Yin and Yang cut off the dawn. Zeng Yun is born in the chest, and the returning bird enters the canthus. You will be at the top of the mountain, and you will have a panoramic view of the mountains.
Du Fu wrote three poems praising the mountains, praising the three famous mountains of Dongyue, Nanyue and Xiyue respectively. This poem "Wang Yue" is one of the famous poems written by the poet to praise Dongyue Mount Tai.
This five-character ancient poem is the earliest work in Du Fu's poetry collection. When writing this poem, the poet was only in his twenties. The year before he wrote the poem, Du Fu took the Jinshi examination and failed. He was a young man at the time and had little experience in society and the world, so his failure was not a big blow. He was still very confident about his future and had wonderful illusions. In the second year of his defeat (736), he embarked on another grand tour. "Returning to sail to fly to my grandma, I pay tribute to my old hometown at the age of 18. I have a strong temperament, but I have a bad temperament, and my eyesight is too short, so I have a weak eye. I am dissatisfied with my merits, and I have to resign from Jingyintang alone. I am debauched between Qi and Zhao, and my horses are quite wild." ( "The Grand Tour") vividly reflects the bold mind, passionate emotions and noble character of the young poet at that time, and is also full of strong romanticism. This style is also expressed in the poem "Wang Yue".
"How is Dai Zongfu? Qilu is still young." The poet used the sentence pattern of asking questions to lead to Mount Tai in a very natural way; he also used the way of self-answering to depict the majestic image of Mount Tai. The so-called Daizong, also known as Daishan, is Mount Tai, because it is the first of the five mountains, so it is called Daizong. The predecessors said that "the yang of Mount Tai leads to Lu, and its yin leads to Qi", "from Qi to Lu, the two countries have ended." The poet firmly grasped the characteristics of a piece of green, without spending much ink, just using "Qi Lu" The five words "not yet green" vividly depict its majestic, verdant and vast appearance stretching into the sky. Poetry commentators have spoken highly of this poem, saying that it "has only five characters, and it is truly heroic".
“Creation is graceful, yin and yang cut off the dusk”, which is the strange and beautiful state of Mount Tai that the poet deliberately described: This strange-shaped mountain seems to have been specially created by the gods to bring the world to the world. All the magic and beauty of nature are concentrated; the mountain peaks reach into the sky, blocking the sunlight, dividing the south and north of the mountain into two worlds of different light and darkness - it is already a bright morning here, and it is still a dark night over there. The words "Zhong" and "Cut" used by the poet here are all unique. The former describes Mount Tai as embodying the "divine beauty" that all mountains should have, while the latter vividly sets off the tall and steep peaks that block out the sky and the sun. In the poet's writing, this Mount Tai is truly magical and majestic!
Then, Du Fu further described the scenery of Mount Tai and the feeling of looking at the mountain with two sentences: "Zeng Yun is born in the chest, and the returning bird is in the canthus". Because this mountain peak is very high and the clouds are stacked up, the poet stood at the foot of the mountain and looked up, as if he felt the clouds filling his mind. Therefore, the depression was washed away and his mind was widened; because it was far away, he tried to open his mind as wide as possible. Concentrate your eyes on the flying birds, and follow their movements to look far into the distance. These two sentences are not completely realistic, but the poet's imagination. As Wang Sishi said: "The sentence 'bang chest' expresses the vastness of the mind. The sentence 'jue canthus' expresses the vastness of the horizon. The male body is at the foot of the mountain, while his mind wanders to the top of the mountain.
"This theory is quite appropriate. "A letter from home is worth ten thousand gold" is also a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages.
In June of the reign of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty (756), the Anshi rebels captured Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. In July, When Du Fu heard about Tang Suzong's accession to the throne in Lingwu, he settled his family in Qiang Village in Yanzhou and went to defect to Suzong. On the way, he was captured by the rebels and brought to Chang'an. Because of his low official position, he was not imprisoned. "Looking" was written in March of the following year.
The first four sentences of the poem are full of lamentations; the last four sentences are about the situation of loved ones, and the whole poem is calm, sincere and natural. /p>
“The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is springy with deep vegetation. "The beginning of the chapter is about what Chun Wang saw: the capital of the country has fallen, the city is in ruins, although the mountains and rivers are still the same, but the grass is everywhere and the trees are green. The word "broken" makes people frightened, and then the word "deep" makes people full of sadness. Sima Guang said: "'The mountains and rivers are there', it is clear that there is nothing left; 'the grass and trees are deep', it is clear that there is no one left. "("Wen Gongxu's Poetry Talk") The poet here expresses the scenery, but actually expresses his emotions, placing his feelings on things and his feelings on the scenery, which creates the atmosphere for the whole poem. This couplet is skillful, mature and natural, and the poetic meaning is overturned. "The country is broken. "For "city spring", the two meanings are opposite. The contrast between the ruins of "the country is broken" and the prosperous "city spring" is strong. "The country is broken" is followed by "mountains and rivers are here", which has opposite meanings. It is unexpected; "Chengchun" was originally supposed to be a beautiful scene, but the suffix "deep grass and trees" refers to the desolate state. It is contradictory and another twist. Hu Zhenheng in the Ming Dynasty praised this couplet very much and said: "The duality is not bad, but it is not bad." Vertical and horizontal changes, all beyond the conventional, thick and light, the movement is ingenious. "(Volume 9 of "Tang Yin Gui Zhu")
"When I feel the flowers, I shed tears, and when I hate the other birds, I am frightened. "The general interpretation of these two sentences is that flowers and birds are originally things that entertain people, but because they are sentimental and hate to say goodbye, the poet sheds tears when he sees them. Another interpretation is that flowers and birds are used to personify people, and they are sad to say goodbye. Even though they shed tears, the birds are also frightened. Although the two words are different, their spirits are connected. One touches the scene and empathizes with the object, which shows the richness of good poetry.
The first four sentences are all combined in the word "look". The poet looks up and down, and his sight goes from near to far, and then from far to near. His vision goes from the city to the mountains and rivers, and then from the city to the flowers and birds, and his feelings are hidden and revealed. From weak to strong, it progresses step by step. In the changes of scenery and emotions, it seems that the poet gradually switches from looking up at the scenery to bowing his head in contemplation, and then naturally transitions to the second half - missing his relatives.
"The war rages on for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand gold. "Since the Anshi Rebellion, "the faith of the village has been broken by the flames of war", and until now in the depth of spring in March, the war continues. How much I look forward to the news of my relatives at home, a letter from home at this time is really worth "ten thousand gold"! "A letter from home is worth a thousand pieces of gold" expresses the urgent mood of long-awaited news without news. This is the thought in everyone's heart, and it naturally makes people excited, so it has become a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages.
“The white-headed scratches are shorter, and the hairpin is full of lust. "Wars are burning all over the place, and letters from home are blocked. I miss the tragic scene in the distance, and look at the decadent scene in front of me. I feel extremely bored, scratch my head and hesitate, and suddenly feel that my short and sparse hair has almost no hairpins. "White hair" Caused by sorrow, "tickling" is an action to relieve sorrow, and "shorter" shows the degree of sorrow. In this way, in addition to the pain of losing a country and a family, and sighing about aging, it adds a layer of sadness.
This poem reflects the poet's beautiful sentiments of loving the country and missing his family. The meaning is thorough but not straight, the situation is comprehensive but not dissociated, the feelings are strong but not superficial, the content is rich but not complicated, and the rhythm is rigorous. Rather than being rigid, the poem is written with a rhythm of ups and downs and a clear five-rhythm pattern. It has been popular for more than 1,200 years and has endured for a long time.
The poem "Spring Hope" The couplet in the poem: I am moved to tears by the flowers, and my heart is frightened by the hatred of the other birds. The war continues for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand pieces of gold.