He was the spiritual pioneer of16th century.

His historical mission is to shock the world, and his hobby is to tease the society.

In troubled times, he is the most philosophical, and in troubled times, he is the most sober.

He is a sober drunkard, a cynical wit, a Buddhist who loves dog meat, an analytical stick, a vicious literary critic, a scholar who treats rules like dirt, and a dutiful son and father.

He is one of the few interesting, willful and schizophrenic literati in China.

He is a contradictory, lovely, eccentric and admirable unrepeatable figure in the history of China!

He said: I am dead, too. In fact, he was not worthy of that era.

One,

Jin Shengtan was a famous literary critic in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. He stood proudly in the world with the Golden Review of the Water Margin and the Golden Review of the West Chamber, which initiated a generation of literary criticism. The word "Jin Shengtan" is a living signboard, which represents the most authoritative and influential criticism trend in China's classical literature, and thus the phenomenon of "Jin Shengtan" has emerged. For a while, scholars loved reading holy books, and their families had compiled them.

Jin Shengtan's life has gone through two stages. The first half belongs to the late Ming Dynasty, and the second half catches up with the system integration and reconstruction in the early Qing Dynasty. Therefore, his body is not only contaminated with the laissez-faire ideological temperament of scholars in the late Ming Dynasty, but also full of embarrassment and confusion as a adherent after the "sky falls".

This is the pioneer Jin Shengtan, temperament Jin Shengtan, but also eccentric Jin Shengtan, crazy Jin Shengtan.

Second,

Jin Shengtan had a strange spirit since he was a child, and he became famous as a teenager. His reputation mainly comes from his arrogance and bohemian behavior. When Jin Shengtan read Water Margin at the age of eleven, he once criticized: "Every time I meet my father and brother in this world, my children are not allowed to read all the books. I have never seen them in all adults. This is a big mistake. My husband's son is ten years old and mentally ill. He didn't study thousands of books, he was nice, and he was not among the adults, so he was driven away from the servants. " In addition, he also said such strange ideas as "never hanging the beam and stabbing the stock, catching fireflies and reflecting snow", which are all nonsense of people who believe in dung slaves and study hard in rural areas. It can be seen that the young Jin Shengtan has ulterior motives, his life is interesting, and his heretical thoughts are beginning to emerge.

Third,

As an adult, on the one hand, he was arrogant, supercilious and disdainful of interacting with officials and orthodox intellectuals, on the other hand, he also made many isolated strange people. Xu Zeng said that he "met some people and treated them like human beings. When encountering passers-by, Man Qing drinks; When you meet a poet, you rub your hands and ponder; When you meet a swordsman, the ape dances; When you meet a chess player, you will calculate; When you meet a Taoist, you will be angry; When the child is released, the lotus will walk around the seat; In the case of argument, jade was born; When you meet a quiet person, you will be bored all day long; You are dancing when you meet an old man; When you meet a child, you will laugh. "

His family has become poor, but he treats money like dirt. In the biography of Mr. Jin Shengtan, Liao Yan recorded such a thing: Jin Shengtan's friend Wang Yishan lent him 3,200 taels of silver, asking him to borrow money to make money, and told him to repay the principal, with the interest of "lighting a lamp for you". After a month, Jin Shengtan squandered the 3,200 pieces of silver, and then casually said to Wang Yishan, "This thing is in your house, and it is appropriate to add the name of a miser. I have already sent it to you. "

Fourth,

Jin Shengtan took literary criticism as a famous career in his later life, and his emotional and cheerful personality was fully revealed in The West Chamber.

Book criticism was originally a form of literary criticism with China characteristics. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, scholars who didn't want to shut up had to find another way, so they thought of the book theory. In fact, the approval of books and various inscriptions and eyebrows are in the same strain. At first, I just circled around the book and wrote a few words about my reading experience. Over time, these words stand out from the text and gradually gain independent value.

The meaning of Jin Shengtan's annotation The West Chamber is very clear. Don't you let people talk? Ok, I'll talk to myself through the story of the West Chamber. In order to convey his point of view, Jin Shengtan's comments on The West Chamber are often extended and found another way. These comments are not only related to The West Chamber, but also often detached from it. When the comments could not be appreciated, Jin Shengtan even spared no effort to delete The West Chamber, which shows his good intentions. Among them, thirty-three is not too fast, which embodies Jin Shengtan's unique grasp and understanding of life and reveals a superb value orientation of life.

Five,

However, although A Jin's birth is amazing, his life is doomed to be ups and downs. Jin Shengtan's life is maverick, ups and downs, and moody. His words and deeds are unruly, his thoughts are trendy and he is brilliant. Born in troubled times, Jin Shengtan, who is content with prosperity, is unwilling to bury his life. He opened a door for us to see the ancients with his gorgeous literary talent, Zhuang Zhou's butterfly-like imagination and shocking words and deeds-"I think the ancients are too crazy, and the ancients laugh at me."

However, Jin Shengtan, who was bohemian all his life, also lost his status as a Confucian scholar. He expected to be a useful person to the world, admired Du Fu's loyalty and patriotism, and especially recognized Ceng Dian, a disciple of Confucius. Ceng Dian was famous for his careless career and yearning for freedom, and was praised by Confucius. Jin Shengtan hereby chooses the word "holy sigh". Hearing Zhi Zhi praise his article, he also bowed to the north. However, the court he yearned for finally sent him to the court, leaving only a sigh after the knife was gone.

When Jin Shengtan was executed, it was the time when the mountains and rivers were dressed in plain clothes and the ice and snow melted. Looking up at the sky, he touched the scene and made a mourning poem for himself, chanting loudly: "I was born to mourn for my superiority, and the mountains and rivers in Wan Li became bald." At that time, the sun came to mourn and every household shed tears. "Yin, Jin Shengtan head fell to the ground. My head rolled out a few feet and two paper balls were thrown out of my ears. The supervisor opened the paper ball and saw the word "good" written on one paper ball and the word "pain" written on another paper ball. These two sentences are his cry for the people's deep disaster and his lament for his own misfortune.

Six,

Jin Shengtan will never play cards according to common sense and will not let the world try to figure out his heart. He took "peanuts chew dried tofu and taste like ham" as his will. His life is like his death, and a word "pain" ends a humorous and sad life. However, history remembers this famous Jin Shengtan. Although he is dead, he is still the Jin Shengtan who is rebellious and compromised, optimistic and pessimistic, lofty and secular.

"East, west, north, south, sea and sky are sparse, and Wan Li came to find a holy sigh book. Sheng Tan only keeps books. What is it like to be tired? "

The world is so extraordinary.

Jin Shengtan said that since the world abandoned me, I also died. In fact, this era is not worthy of him.

Seven,

When reading China's historical classics, we often feel the rigidity and boredom of ancient figures. People like Jin Shengtan, though not unique, are indeed a minority. In fact, there is no room for Jin Shengtan in a patriarchal society, because once people are interesting, they will be maverick, and maverick will easily breed individualism, and individualism and absolutism are incompatible. From this perspective, Jin Shengtan's tragic ending is directly related to his being too interesting. Before his execution, Jin Shengtan left such a letter from home in prison: "Pay attention to the word: eat salt and soybeans together and taste like walnuts." As soon as this law was passed, I had no resentment. "This is Jin Shengtan's last humor in this world, but when we read this humor, we really can't tell whether the heart is relaxed or heavy.

Lu Xun said that Jin Shengtan died because he had long been regarded as inferior by officials and gentry. In ancient times, intellectuals could enjoy the freedom of homosexuality, prostitution and drug abuse, but they could not make irresponsible remarks about political order. Mi Fei beat drums and scolded Cao, Ji Kang wanted to be a "non-paying courtesy", Li Zhi said that men and women are equal, Neo-Confucianism eats people, and Jin Shengtan took life as an experiment to challenge the bottom line of those in power. But these games are not very fun.

The Qing Dynasty took the death of Jin Shengtan as a warm-up and then directly implemented the literary inquisition. He didn't even bother to label the rebellion, and the society praised the living courtiers and the dead rebels. However, the literati are only the embellishment of the times, and Jin Shengtan really realized this when he was dying. He made his final performance through death. It is said that Jin Shengtan's head was cut off and he still had a smile on his face.

It can only be said that Jin Shengtan's talent and knowledge greatly exceeded the understanding and imagination of his contemporaries.

He runs so fast that the times are panting behind him.