Francis Bacon Britain/Literature

Introduction

Francis Bacon (Francis Bacon, 1561-1626) a famous British materialist Philosophers and scientists. He is revered among the giants of the Renaissance as an epoch-making figure in the history of philosophy and science. Marx called him "the true ancestor of British materialism and the entire modern experimental science." The first person to propose that "knowledge is power." It opposes scholasticism and idealism and believes that knowledge originates from perceptual experience. All real knowledge is compiled on the basis of empirical materials through rational methods such as induction, analysis, comparison, and experiment. The representative work "New Tools" has epoch-making significance and widespread influence in the history of modern philosophy. Philosophers regard it as a pioneer in the transformation from ancient materialism to modern materialism.

Francis Bacon (1561 - 1626) was born in London into an official family in 1561. His father, Nicholas Bacon, was Queen Elizabeth's Lord Privy Seal. He studied law at Cambridge University. Francis is ideologically inclined to progress, believes in the Church of England, and opposes the Pope's interference in British internal affairs; his mother, Anne Bacon, is a well-known talented woman who is proficient in Greek and Latin. Brief introduction to Bacon, a believer in Calvinism. A good family education enabled Bacon to show extraordinary intelligence in all aspects.

In 1573, when he was only 12 years old, Bacon was sent to Trinity College of Cambridge University for further study. His studies at the university made him doubt traditional concepts and beliefs, and he began to think about the true meaning of society and life alone. Three years later, Bacon lived in Paris, France, as an attaché to the British Ambassador to France. In just two and a half years, he traveled almost throughout France, which exposed him to many new things, absorbed many new ideas, and had a great impact on the transformation of his worldview.

In 1579, his father died suddenly of illness. His plan to provide for Bacon's future support was shattered, and Bacon had to return to London. As his life began to fall into poverty, after returning home to attend the funeral, Bacon entered Gray Law School, studying law while looking for jobs.

In 1582, the 21-year-old Bacon obtained the qualification of a lawyer. At this time, Bacon was more mature in thought. He was determined to reform all knowledge that was divorced from reality and nature, and to introduce experience and practice into Epistemology. This was his great ambition to "revival science" and the ambition he fought for throughout his life.

In 1584, at the age of 23, he was elected as a member of Parliament.

In 1589, he became the clerk of the court after a vacancy. However, this position was not vacant for 20 years. He traveled around but never got any position.

In 1602, Elizabeth died and James I succeeded to the throne. Because Bacon had advocated the union of Scotland and England, he was greatly appreciated by James. As a result, Bacon's career has skyrocketed. He was knighted in 1602, appointed as James' adviser in 1604, deputy attorney general in 1607, and chief prosecutor Francis in 1613. Introduction to Bacon,

In 1616, he was appointed Privy Council Counselor, promoted to Lord Privy Seal in 1617, promoted to Continental Officer in England in 1618, granted the title of Baron Verulan, and in 1621 he was granted the title of Baron. Viscount Albans. But Bacon's talents and interests were not in state affairs, but in the search for scientific truth. During this period, he made great achievements in academic research. And published many books.

In 1621, Bacon was accused of corruption and bribery by Parliament. He was fined 40,000 pounds by the High Court and imprisoned in the Tower of London. He was expelled from the court for life and was not allowed to hold parliamentary or official positions. Although the fine and imprisonment were later waived, Bacon's reputation was ruined. From then on, Bacon stopped dealing with political affairs and began to concentrate on theoretical writings.

In 1626, at the end of March, Bacon drove through the northern suburbs of London.

At that time, he was concentrating on the study of hot and cold theory and its practical applications. When passing by a snowy field, he suddenly wanted to conduct an experiment. He killed a chicken and stuffed the chicken belly with snow to observe the effect of freezing on preservation. However, due to his weak body and unable to withstand the invasion of wind and cold, the bronchitis recurred and his condition worsened, and he died of illness in the early morning of April 9, 1626.