Although the English word worldwide is usually written as one word (without spaces or hyphens), the full name World Wide Web and its abbreviation WWW are also widely used in some formal English. When it comes to the WorldWideWeb, it is called the World Wide Web (which is exactly what programmers like as a conjunction, that is, an excellent example of connecting several words into a new word) or the World Wide Web (connected by hyphens, so that this version of the name is closest to formal English usage). Web page is the basic information unit of the website and the basic document of the World Wide Web. It consists of text, pictures, animation, sound and other media information and links. It is written in HTML, and can be associated and jumped with other web pages or websites through links.
Web page files are written in HTML (an application under standard generalized markup language), which can be transmitted on WWW and recognized as displayed text files by browsers. Its extension is. Htm and. html。
The website consists of many pages with different contents, and the contents of the pages can reflect all the functions of the website. Usually, when you enter a website, the first page you see is called the home page. For example, Sina, Netease and Sohu are well-known large-scale portals in China. HTTP is the abbreviation of hypertext transfer protocol, that is, hypertext transfer protocol. As the name implies, HTTP provides the function of accessing hypertext information and is an application-layer communication protocol between WWW browser and WWW server. HTTP protocol is an object-oriented general protocol, which is used in distributed collaborative hypertext information systems. By extending this command, it can be used for similar tasks, such as domain name service or distributed object-oriented system. WWW uses HTTP protocol to transmit various hypertext pages and data.
The HTTP protocol session process includes four steps.
(1) Establish a connection: the browser of the client sends a request for establishing a connection to the server, and the server gives a response for establishing a connection.
(2) Sending request: The client sends its own request to the server through the connection according to the requirements of the protocol.
(3) Give a reply: the server gives a reply according to the requirements of the client and returns the result (HTML file) to the client.
(4) Close the connection: the client closes the connection after receiving the reply.
HTTP protocol is based on TCP/IP, which not only ensures the correct transmission of hypertext documents, but also determines which part of the document is transmitted and which part of the content is displayed first (such as text before graphics).
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a protocol for accessing remote machines in the Internet, which enables users to operate files between local machines and remote machines. FTP protocol allows the transmission of arbitrary files, and allows the files to have ownership and access rights. In other words, through FTP protocol, you can upload or download files with FTP server on the Internet.
Like other Internet applications, FTP also adopts client/server mode, including client-side FTP and server-side FTP. The client FTP starts the transmission process, and the server FTP responds to it. There are some websites on the Internet that provide services according to the FTP protocol and allow netizens to access files. These websites are all FTP servers. Users on the Internet who want to connect to the FTP server use FTP client software. Usually Windows has ftp commands, which are actually command-line FTP client programs. In addition, commonly used FTP client programs include CuteFTP, Leapftp, FlashFXP, etc. HTTP transmits user's data in clear text, including user name and password, which has security risks and is easy to be eavesdropped. For the transmission of sensitive data, Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) can be used. Hypertext is an information management technology that connects some information as needed. People can open another related text through the link pointer of one text. As long as you click on the items that are usually underlined in the text with the mouse, you can get relevant information. The prominent feature of web pages is that hyperlinks can be embedded in them, so that users can easily transfer from one website to another related website. HTTP protocol uses GET command to transfer parameters to Web server and get data from the server. Similar commands include the POST command.
Hyperlink is a link technology on WWW, which is embedded in text or image. Click an icon or a paragraph of text through the defined keywords and graphics, and you can automatically connect to other corresponding files. Text hyperlinks are usually underlined in browsers, while picture hyperlinks are invisible; But if the user's mouse touches it, the mouse pointer usually turns into a finger (as does the text hyperlink).
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (foreign abbreviation: HTTP) is responsible for specifying how browsers and servers communicate with each other.
Hypertext Markup Language (foreign abbreviation: HTML, application under standard generalized markup language) is used to define the structure and format of hypertext documents. In the article "On the phenomenon of one thing with many names in computer and network terms", the naming problem of "Internet" is mentioned. But in fact, the word "Internet" is still used. Are these two names completely different when used, or do they refer to two different concepts? The answer is definitely the latter. To answer this question, we must first review the history of the Internet.
Internet was born in America 1969. Originally named "ARPANET", it was a military research system, and later became an academic system connecting computers of universities and institutions of higher learning. It has developed into an open global computer network system covering five continents 150 countries, with many service providers. Ordinary computer users only need a personal computer to connect with an Internet service provider through a telephone line to access the Internet. But the Internet is not the only one in the world. For example, in Europe, transnational Internet networks include Euronet, EARN, EIN, BITNET in the United States, and FedEx networks (global BBS system) all over the world.
Knowing the above situation, we can know that capitalized "internet" ("interreto" in Esperanto) and lowercase "Internet" ("Interreto" in Esperanto) refer to different objects. When we talk about the world's largest Internet mentioned above, that is, the Internet we usually use, we call it "Internet" or "Internet", although the name of the latter is not standardized. Here, "Internet" appears as a proper noun, so the first letter must be capitalized. However, as a common noun, that is, "Internet" starting with lowercase letters generally refers to a large network formed by the interconnection of multiple computer networks. According to the approval of the National Science and Technology Examination and Approval Committee, such a network system can be called "Internet". That is to say, the Internet and other similar large-scale network systems connected by computers can all be regarded as the "Internet", and the Internet is only the largest one in the Internet. The definition of "Internet" and "Internet" in the 2002 supplement of Modern Chinese Dictionary is "a network formed by the interconnection of several computer networks" and "the largest computer Internet in the world, which evolved from ARPA network in the United States".
As a proper noun, the Internet is usually preceded by the article la, which can also be called "la Reto" for short. No one on the Internet knows the important role of WWW? To enter the web address, you must type these three letters first. These three letters are abbreviations of the English initials "World Wide Web". WWW has been translated into World Wide Web, World Wide Web, Hypermedia World Wide Web and so on. In China, it was finally translated into the World Wide Web by the National Science and Technology Terminology Examination Committee. Mr. Zhu Guo praised his Chinese translation of the word "Wang Wanwei" in his Collection of Nonsense and Wonderful Translation of WWW. The nearly perfect translation beauty of the word "World Wide Web" lies in its meaning, form and vividness. What a miraculous translation!
Coincidentally, the translated word "TTT" of "WWW" is also composed of three identical letters, and the translation is also amazing. "TTT" is the acronym of "Tut-Tera Teksa o" in esperanto. According to the information in Komputada leksikono (a computer professional vocabulary) written by Russian Esperanto Sergio Pokrovskij, the original translation form of "WWW" was "Tutmonda Tekso". On the day when this translation name appeared, that is,1August 5, 994, someone immediately suggested changing it to "Tut-Tera Tekso" on the Internet. Eight days later, on August 13, it was translated into "tut-teratekso" (literally "World Wide Web") by another person at the suggestion of an anonymous person. The abbreviation TTT of this translated name is neat in form and completely consistent in semantics, which is easy to read, remember and write. This is the creation of collective wisdom. It also eloquently proves that Esperanto is powerful, flexible and adaptable, which is not inferior to Chinese and English at all (please compare the French translation word "Forum elektronique mondial" and the Spanish translation word "Telarana Mundial" in WWW, whose abbreviations are "FEM" and "TM" respectively). Writing here, I can't help but think of a famous saying by Mr. Yan Fu, a modern translation master in China: "A famous person stands, and a ten-year-old person is on the moon." A good translation can only be produced after a long period of searching and thinking by translators and sometimes even several translators.
The World Wide Web is a collection of countless websites and web pages, which together constitute the most important part of the Internet (the Internet also includes e-mail, newsgroups and newsgroups). It is actually a collection of multimedia, connected by hyperlinks. What we usually watch online through a web browser is the content of the World Wide Web. I will introduce some Esperanto terms about the World Wide Web and browsing the World Wide Web in future posts.
Internet is a network that connects computer networks with different structures distributed all over the world with various transmission media. So some people call it the network of the network, and Chinese translation is Internet, Internet, Internet and so on. The main services provided by the Internet are World Wide Web (WWW), file transfer (FTP), E-mail (E-mail), Telnet, mobile phone (3GHZ) and so on.
WWW (World Wide Web) is referred to as 3W for short, sometimes called Web, and translated into Chinese as World Wide Web, World Wide Web and so on. WWW was developed by CERN, aiming at providing convenience for communication, information exchange and information inquiry for scientists all over the world by using the Internet.
The World Wide Web is based on the client/server model. WWW is based on Hypertext Markup Language (application under standard generalized markup language) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol. An information browsing system that can provide a consistent user interface for Internet services. Among them, the WWW server uses hypertext links to link information pages, which can be placed on the same host or in different geographical locations. This link is maintained by Uniform Resource Locator (URL), and the WWW client software (namely WWW browser) is responsible for displaying information and sending requests to the server.
Internet uses hypertext and hypermedia to organize information and extend information links to the whole Internet. Users can not only access the information of the Web server, but also access FTP, Telnet and other network services through WWW. Therefore, it has become the most widely used and promising access tool on the Internet, and is playing an increasingly important role in business.