1, public management and private management (enterprise management) are relative, but the boundary between them is difficult to define accurately. The famous saying "Business management and public management are similar in all other unimportant aspects" by management scientist Wallacenbsp is widely quoted. There are many similarities between public management and private management, for example, both of them must perform general management functions, including planning, organization, personnel, budget and so on. However, the behavior of public management and public management institutions is increasingly showing its specific scope and special laws, which are different from the general management field, economic management, administrative management, military management and so on. , even different from private management (enterprise management). Here, according to the summary of western scholars, we compare public management with enterprise management to understand the differences between them, so as to better understand the differences between public management and private management (enterprise management). Nbspnbspnbspnbsp First, from the mission of management, public management is to improve people's quality of life. Mainly to provide non-profit products or services to people in specific communities, and its purpose is public welfare. And the general enterprise management, mainly through the production and sale of products or services, for the purpose of profit. But in modern society, the difference between public management institutions and general institutions is not whether the services or products they provide are free or charged (paid), but what is the motivation behind their remuneration. If it is public service, it belongs to public management, if it is profit, it belongs to enterprise management. Nbspnbspnbspnbsp: The two have different purposes, which determines that the two different types of management institutions will also have great differences in maintaining their survival. Because public management is non-profit, its survival cannot be maintained by selling products or services, but mainly depends on the authorization of the legislature. On the contrary, the purpose of enterprise management is profit, so the survival of enterprises depends entirely on profit. Because of this, the decision-making of public management often reflects the tendency of the public or the legislative department, while the decision-making of enterprise management is largely influenced by market factors, that is, customer demand. Nbspnbspnbspnbsp Second, from the perspective of management constraints, the whole process of public management is subject to legal constraints, that is, the legislature clearly stipulates its management authority, organizational form, activity mode, basic responsibilities and legal responsibilities in the form of provisions, so that public management can operate strictly within the procedures and scope prescribed by law. Enterprise management is different. Law is only the external constraint of its activities. Abiding by legal rules is not the original motivation of enterprises. Law-abiding is often just an accessory to profit, and its main operation is on the track of interests. Of course, the business activities of an enterprise must conform to the law, but legality is not the fundamental driving force of its operation, and the enterprise operates in pursuit of high profits. Nbspnbspnbspnbsp Because of the different restriction mechanisms, the two management modes are also different. Public management institutions and managers are often very sensitive to the political climate and are most directly influenced by political and legal thoughts. Therefore, it is a management process closely related to politics. Enterprise management is mainly carried out in the economic field, not directly influenced by politics, but managed according to the requirements of market mechanism. As long as customers are willing to buy, they will mass-produce and maximize profits. Therefore, economic prosperity is the main influencing factor of enterprise management. Nbspnbspnbspnbsp Third, from the material basis, the two have different pillars. As the management of public affairs, public management is one of the functions of the government. Therefore, all kinds of material resources needed for management mainly come from taxes and sometimes from issuing bonds, and the resources it consumes are also public. In this case, the budget of public management belongs to public financial expenditure, which cannot be arbitrarily controlled by public managers, but must be open and subject to the supervision of taxpayers. However, in enterprise management, all kinds of material resources needed mainly come from investment returns and profits. Therefore, the expenditure on management belongs to the "internal affairs" of the enterprise, and others have no right to interfere. Accordingly, the budget also mainly depends on profitability. Enterprises are independent, and the material resources needed for their operations are independent and do not need to be made public. Nbspnbspnbspnbsp Fourth, as far as managers are concerned, public managers are elected or appointed. The selection of public managers depends to a great extent on their political ability and political inclination. The selection procedure is very strict, and the assessment and evaluation are carried out by specialized departments or institutions relatively independently. Judging from the current development trend, public managers tend to be professional and lifelong. However, in enterprise management, managers are generally hired according to their ability to handle specific affairs, and the ability itself plays a decisive role. Although nepotism sometimes exists, it is mainly based on the principle of "meritocracy". Here, political inclination is not the main influencing factor. Moreover, the professionalism and tenure of enterprise managers often do not exist. Once an enterprise goes bankrupt, closes down or is dismissed, the career of its managers may be terminated immediately or even forever. Because of the threat of "professional survival", enterprise managers are often more efficient. Because if they want to go on and survive, they must fully express themselves. In contrast, the pressure of "professional survival" of public managers is much less. Nbspnbspnbspnbsp Fifth, from the perspective of performance evaluation, the legality of behavior, the quality of public opinion, the degree of reducing various conflicts, the implementation and effect of public projects, and the quantity and consumption of public products are the main factors to evaluate the effectiveness of public management.