(1) to explore the root of beauty in spirit
1. Plato
1.1 aesthetic point of view: "the essence of beauty is the principle of beauty". Theory (idea, beauty)-reality (shadow)-art (shadow of shadow)
2. Kant
2.1 Aesthetic view: beauty "can only be subjective". Aesthetic feeling is a kind of free pleasure that doesn't care about interests. In the judgment of interest, beauty has a form that is aimless and purposeful.
3. Hegel's
3.1 aesthetic view: It is believed that "beauty is the perceptual manifestation of ideas", which naturally cannot reveal ideas, and only art can fully reveal ideas. Strictly speaking, only art can be regarded as true beauty, so his research is "not ordinary beauty, but only artistic beauty." Therefore, Hegel called aesthetics "philosophy of art" or "philosophy of beautiful art".
(2) Exploring the root of beauty from the objective material attributes
1. Aristotle
1.1 Aesthetic point of view: He thinks that beauty lies in the things themselves, mainly in the form of "order, symmetry and clarity" of things, mainly relying on the "volume and arrangement" of things, and we should see the "integrity" of things.
2. Leonardo da Vinci's aesthetic view: He believes that beauty is not the embodiment of divine will, but the nature of things that exist in real life and can be recognized with the senses. He believes that "aesthetic feeling is completely based on the sacred proportional relationship between the parts", such as the Mona Lisa, and each part of the whole is proportional to the whole. In his view, the human body is the most beautiful thing in nature.
3. Diderot's aesthetic view: beauty is relationship. He divided beauty into real beauty and relative beauty, and the relationship between order, symmetry and arrangement in the form of objective things itself was called real beauty. Belonging to the connection between the object and other things is called relative beauty.
(3) Exploring the root of beauty from social life Chernyshevski
1. Aesthetic point of view: beauty is life.
There are two points when discussing beauty:
A. Beauty contains a lovely and precious thing.
B. Beauty is a living thing and a diverse object.
the above is for reference.