Liu Yiqing (AD 403-444) was born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu) in the Southern Song Dynasty, a native of Jingkou, an imperial clan in the Southern Song Dynasty, and a writer in the Southern Song Dynasty. Liu Yiqing was gifted since childhood and loved literature. In addition to Shi Shuo Xin Yu, he also wrote You Ming Road. Shi Shuo Xin Yu was compiled by a group of people he organized. The nephew of Emperor Wu of Song Wudi, the second son of Daoliu in King Liu, Changsha, and the uncle of Liu Daogui, the king of Linchuan, have no children, that is, Liu Yiqing is the heir. By attacking Linchuan, he was appointed as Jingzhou Secretariat and other official positions. He has been in power for 8 years and his political achievements are good. Later, he served as Jiangzhou secretariat. Liu Yiqing, the nephew of Emperor Wu of Liu Song, is outstanding among emperors and highly valued.
(1) Sperm Yin period (15-30 years old). Liu Yiqing rose step by step at the age of 65,438+05, and served as secretary supervisor, in charge of books and works throughout the country, and had the opportunity to contact and exhibit royal classics, which laid a good foundation for the compilation of Shi Shuo Xin Yu. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, he was promoted to Zuo Assistant Minister of Shangshu (equivalent to former Deputy Prime Minister) and was a very important minister. However, his uncle, Liu Yu, was the first to usurp and kill each other, which made the imperial family. Therefore, Liu Yiqing is also afraid of an accident. At the age of 29, he begged for a diversion and dismissed his servant.
(2) Jingzhou period (30-36 years old). Liu Yiqing served as the secretariat of Jingzhou and made great achievements. Jingzhou is an important town in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, where it has lived a stable life for eight years.
(3) Jiangnan period (37-4 1 year). Liu Yiqing was the secretariat of Jiangzhou and Nanyanzhou. At the age of 38, he began to compile Shi Shuo Xin Yu, and had frequent contacts with scholars and monks at that time. Later, due to illness, he returned to Beijing and died in Jiankang (now Nanjing) at the age of 4/kloc-0, in Kang Wang, posthumous title. Liu Yiqing is a scholar and politician who is "pure in nature, lacking in lust and loving literary significance". Although he held an important position all his life, his achievements were lacking. Apart from his lack of enthusiasm, the most important thing is that he is unwilling to get involved in the power struggle between Liu and Song. Many scholars gathered at his door. At that time, Yuan Shu, Lu Zhan, He Changyu, Bao Zhao and other celebrities had received his treatment.
/kloc-at the age of 0/3, he was made the Duke of Nanjun, and later adopted by his uncle Liu Daogui, the king of Linchuan, so he was attacked as the king of Linchuan. Liu Yiqing loved literature since he was a child, and he was brilliant. He won the trust of Song Wudi and Song Wendi and was treated with courtesy.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu is a collection of note novels. This book not only recorded the speeches and anecdotes of the gentry from the Han and Wei Dynasties to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but also reflected the thoughts, life and ethos of the literati at that time. Moreover, its language is concise and its words are vivid, so it has been loved and valued by literati since it came out. Dramas and novels, such as Guan Hanqing's zaju Jade Mirror Terrace and Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Of course, because Liu Yiqing was in Yangzhou at that time, he heard a lot of local people's stories and folklore, so in Shi Shuo Xin Yu, some stories that happened in Yangzhou at that time were also recorded. For example, the idiom "strange things", which is familiar to later generations, comes from the fact that after the former Jianwu general and Yangzhou secretariat Yin Hao were abolished as civil servants, they never said a word of complaint, but only used their fingers to write and draw in the air every day. Yangzhou officials followed his strokes and secretly observed that he only wrote the word "strange". Only then did everyone know that he was expressing his grievances in this way.
It's a pity that Liu Yiqing left Yangzhou because of illness just after the book Shi Shuo Xin Yu was written, and died young soon after returning to Beijing at the age of 465,438+0. Song Wendi was deeply saddened, and posthumous title called him "Kang Wang".
Historically, Liu Yiqing was clever since childhood and was appreciated by his uncle Emperor Wu of Song. Liu Yu once praised him and said, "This is my rich city." When I was young, I attacked Chang 'an with Emperor Wu of Song. After I came back, I was appointed as the general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the secretariat of the Northern Qingzhou. I am the commander of Yuzhou Military Region and the secretariat of Yuzhou. After the establishment of Liu and Song Dynasties, he served as King Linchuan, Minister of Ren Zhongshu, Secretary of the Secretariat of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and secretariat of Jingzhou. At that time, "Jingzhou is the most important place in the upper class, with a vast territory and strong soldiers in Ma Zhuang, which is half of the imperial court." Because Liu Yiqing was regarded as the best talent in the imperial clan, the court appointed him to such an important position. Later, he was awarded a series of important positions, such as General Wei, Jiangzhou Secretariat, Nanyanzhou Secretariat and Kaifu Yitong Third Division.
Liu Yiqing has written Ming Lu and Xuan Yan Ji for you. All of them have been lost, and now there is only one "Shi Shuo Xin Yu". Liang Liu annotated Shi Shuo Xin Yu, citing more than 400 kinds of books, which were tied with Shi Shuo Xin Yu.
poetry
Black night cry
The cage window doesn't open, crying at night and looking forward to lang.
Poetry about swimming in catfish lake
The scenery became harmonious. Plants and trees grow. Plum blossoms are covered with white trees. Peach and apricot shine brilliantly.
Liu Yiqing is the editor of this book, not the author. Shi Shuo Xin Yu is a masterpiece of "Zhi Ren Novel" in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. According to the content, it can be divided into 36 categories, such as morality, language, politics, literature and founder. Each category includes
The book 1000 words, each with its own length, some lines and some few words, shows the appeal and characteristics of note novels.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu mainly describes the life thoughts of the world and the situation of the ruling class, reflecting the words and deeds of literati and the life of the upper class in Wei and Jin Dynasties. The records are quite rich and true, describing the times and political and social environment in which the scholars lived at that time, and showing the "Wei-Jin demeanor".
Shi Shuo Xin Yu used to be eight volumes, but now it is three volumes, which are divided into 36 subjects, such as morality, speech, politics, literature, founder, magnanimity, knowledge and appreciation. It mainly describes the anecdotes of literati from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty, reflecting the thoughts, life and atmosphere of literati at that time. Mr. Lu Xun once pointed out: "This argument originated from the discussion in the Han Dynasty. At the end of Han Dynasty, politics was dark. Generally speaking, celebrities talk about politics. At first, they were very influential in society. Later, he was jealous by the rulers and was gradually killed. Kong Rong and Mi Fei, for example, were both killed by Cao Cao, so at the end of the Jin Dynasty, they dared not talk about politics and turned to Hyunri. If you don't talk about political affairs, it will become the so-called clarification. However, such celebrities were still very influential in the society at that time. If you can't talk about it, it seems that you are not qualified to be a celebrity. The book Shi Shuo can almost be regarded as a textbook for celebrities. "
In addition, Shi Shuo Xin Yu makes good use of literary techniques such as metaphor, metaphor, exaggeration and description, which not only retains many well-known words, but also adds infinite glory to the book.
Nowadays, Shi Shuo Xin Yu not only has the value of literary appreciation, but also its stories, literary allusions and thoughts are mostly taken by later writers, which has a great influence on later notes.
An article in Shi Shuo Xin Yu, The Son of Yang, was selected as the tenth lesson of Chinese in the fifth grade of People's Education Press.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu was compiled by a group of people organized by Liu Yiqing. A pure nature, lack of lust, love literary significance. It is suitable to gather scholars and writers from far and near. At that time, famous scribes such as Yuan Shu, Lu Zhan, He Changyu, Bao Zhao and others were treated with his courtesy. It may be that he and his scholars have sorted out and polished all kinds of books, which are local novels.
This book records anecdotes from the Han and Wei Dynasties to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Although it is a few words, the content is very rich, which widely reflects the lifestyle, mental outlook and atmosphere of speaking freely and celebrating the birthday of the gentry in this period. This book has a far-reaching influence on the development of later note novels, and countless works written after imitating this book have their own systems in ancient novels. Many stories in the book have become the material of later dramas and novels, or the common allusions of later poems, and have an important position in the history of China literature. Mr. Lu Xun called it "a textbook for celebrities".
Writing background
The content of Shi Shuo Xin Yu mainly records anecdotes and mysteries of celebrities in Wei and Jin Dynasties. It can also be said that this is a collection of romantic stories in Wei and Jin dynasties, and it also plays the role of a celebrity textbook. Feng Youlan believes that romantic love is a kind of personality beauty, and the formation of true romantic love requires four conditions: mysterious heart, insight, wonderful appreciation and deep feelings. Of course, this kind of personality beauty is measured by the standards of the gentry at that time. Shi Shuo Xin Yu has three volumes and thirty-six doors. The first volume contains four doors: morality, language, politics and literature. There are nine doors in the middle volume: founder, elegance, erudition, praise, taste, discipline, enlightenment, wisdom and courage. This 13 door is all positive. Volume 23, the situation is more complicated. Some compliments are obvious, such as Rong Zhi, Rehabilitation and Yuan Xian. Some seemingly derogatory meanings, such as birth, simple pride, frugality, anger and confusion, are not all derogatory. Some of them are derogatory, such as four items in "insurance" and some items in "waste". There are also many entries that only write some kind of true feelings, without praise or criticism. It is not only the expression of true feelings, but also the expression of romantic feelings, so the editor's narrative is with relish.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu is an excellent historical material to study the romantic life in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Among them, there are vivid descriptions about the activities of celebrities in Wei and Jin Dynasties, such as lightness, interest and personality characteristics, such as leisure life, noble birth, simplicity and pride, pursuit of life and hobbies. Throughout the book, we can get the group image of several generations of scholars in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Through these characters, we can further understand the fashion of the upper class in that era.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu has made great artistic achievements. Mr. Lu Xun once summarized its artistic characteristics as "remembering words deeply and calmly, remembering lines concisely and magnificently" (A Brief History of Chinese Novels).
Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Liu Xiao's annotations involve more than 500 figures/kloc-0, including the main figures in Wei and Jin Dynasties, whether they are emperors, generals, hermits or monks. Its description of characters, some focus on appearance, some focus on knowledge, some focus on psychology, but all focus on expressing the characteristics of characters, and writing the unique personality of unique characters in a unique way to make them vivid and vivid. For example, "Frugality": "Wang Rong has a good plum, and he is afraid that people will get their seeds and keep drilling for it." It only takes 16 words to write out Wang Rong's greedy and stingy nature. Another example is The Scholars, which records that Gu Yong lost his son while playing chess in the crowd. He actually suppressed his sadness. "Although his attitude remains the same, his heart has lost its mind. Pat your hand with your paws and your blood will get dirty. " A detail vividly shows Gu Yong's personality.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu describes the characters flexibly and variously, and some of them are contrasted by the different performances of several people in the same environment. For example, in Liang Ya, Xie An and Sun Chuo are described as a rough sea, while Xie An's appearance is casual and calm, while Sun Chuo and others are "harmonious in color" and "unable to sit still", which shows that Xie An is in danger. Others grasp the main features of the characters' personalities and make comic exaggeration. For example, in Anger, Wang Shu vividly described all kinds of stupid pictures of eating eggs to show impatience: "Wang Lantian is impatient. If you eat an egg and poke it with chopsticks, you will fly into a rage and throw it on the ground. If the chicken doesn't stop turning in the soil, it will still go down to the ground with its teeth, but this is not allowed. Very ugly. It went back to the ground and held it in its mouth. If you are bitten, you will vomit. " Some use spoken language full of personality to express the characters' demeanor. For example, in Appreciation of Fame, Wang Dao "sits with the tail finger of an owl", asks He Chong to sit and says, "Come, come, this is your surrender!" It vividly depicts Wang Dao's esteem for He Chong. Although Shi Shuo Xin Yu is not fiction, it must be refined, which is the art of novel writing.
The language of Shi Shuo Xin Yu is simple and implicit, meaningful and vivid, revealing all kinds of humor. There are many widely used idioms in this book, such as: He is my brother, picking his teeth, strange, infatuated, and so on.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Not only do novels that imitate it appear constantly, but many plays and novels are also based on it.
You Ming Road, also known as You Ming Road and You Ming Ji, is a collection of strange stories by Liu Yiqing. I ching copula "is the reason why an old friend knows the secret." Note that it is called "quiet and bright, tangible and intangible." The impermanence of ghosts and gods recorded in the book is in line with this idea, hence the name. The original book, 30 volumes [5], has been lost, and Lu Xun's "Ancient Novel Hooking and Sinking" has received 265 articles. Many stories in the book are the same as Biography, Search for Ji Shen, and Search for God Postscript.
Your clear path has a great influence on future generations. For example, the story of Liu Chen Ruan Zhaotian's encounter with immortals in Taishan Mountain is widely circulated, the story of Pang A's encounter with the soul of an Ashi is similar to the plot of Leaving the Soul in Tang Dynasty, and the story of the resurrection of the ghost of Xu, the satrap of Guangping, is the prototype of the technique of Peony Pavilion, which was also used in the compilation of the Book of Jin in Tang Dynasty.
history
Records of Sui Shu's Classics: Eight Volumes of Shi Shuo (written by Song Linchuan and Liu Yiqing), Eight Volumes of Shi Shuo (written by Liu Yiqing) and Eight Volumes of Shi Shuo.
The Eleventh Biography of Song Dynasty mentioned that he "wrote ten volumes of biographies of Xuzhou sages" and played them. It has also been suggested that Ban Gu's Dian Yin be called Dian Xu to describe the beauty of the emperor. "There is no record in Shi Shuo Xin Yu.
At the beginning of Three Biographies of Southern History, it was explained that ten volumes of Shi Shuo and two hundred volumes of Ji Lin were written, which kept pace with the world. Liu Yiqing attacked the king of South County at the age of thirteen and died at the age of forty-two. He occupies an important position in civil and military affairs, frequently transfers, and rarely has stable time to write books.
The Biography of Song Shu Xi said that he "gathered scholars from near to far. Shu, at that time; Yiqing is in Jiangzhou, please join the army as a bodyguard. The rest are Wu, Zhan Donghai, He Changyu and Zhao Bao. They are called Sasaki Chen Guo because their speeches are beautiful. "
family member
Liu Ye, the eldest son, the heir of Linchuan King and an official of Tongzhilang, was killed by Shao.
The second son: Ada, the official to the prince;
The third son: Liu Jing, the official satrap of Xuancheng;
Fourth son: Liu Ying, former general;
The fifth son: Liu Qian, an official of Nan Xincai.
Grandson: Liu Chuo, the son of Liu Ye, succeeded to Linchuan King, from officer to infantry captain. In the last years of Shun Di, the rebellion was killed, Linchuan was abolished, and the descendants were unknown.
Personal quotations
1. It's better to be a green silk than a Fu Xiao Ai Rong.
2. Too forgetful, the worst, the love of Zhong, in my generation.
3. I left on a whim and came back happy, so why wear it!
4. Go on impulse and come back when you are happy.
5. Thousands of rocks compete, and thousands of valleys compete.
6. Wang Ziyou lives in the shade, and it snows heavily at night. He sleeps, opens a room and orders him to drink. Looking around Jiao Ran, because of hesitation, he recited Zuo Si's Poems of Solitude. Suddenly, I remembered Diane Road, which I always wear, even when I take a boat at night. When I arrived at Sufang, I built the door and didn't return. When people asked him why, the king said, "I left on impulse and came back exhausted." Why should I wear it? " Sometimes, the result is not important, and interest is the best destination. )
7. Hua Xin took refuge in Hua Xin and Wang Lang by boat, and it was difficult to attach one person. Lang said, "Fortunately, it is still wide. Why not? " After the thief came, the king wanted to give up his people. Xin said, "That's why I became suspicious. That's why I doubt it. Now that I have accepted it, I would rather abandon evil in a hurry? " So I saved my life as before.
8. The world uses this to judge the merits and demerits of China and the king.
9. Xie Gong played Go with others, but Xie Xuan believed it. Reading is unexpected and silent, Xu Xiangju. The guest asked Huai Shang if he was interested, and replied, "Child thief." Meaning, color and behavior are the same as usual.
10. Taifu Xie collects paper on a cold snowy night and tells his children the meaning of paper. Soon, it snowed heavily, and the guardian said happily, "What kind of snow is this?" ? "Xie Lang, his brother's eldest son, said," The air in the air is almost comparable. "."His eldest brother's daughter said, "Catkin can dance with the wind better than the wind." . "Guardian of the empire laughed. She is the daughter of Xie An, the daughter of Xie An, and the wife of the left-wing general Wang Ningzhi.
1 1. Chen Taiqiu and his friends will travel. During the day, they couldn't get to the middle, so Taiqiu gave up, even after they went. Fiona Fang is seven years old and playing outside the door. Chen Taiqiu's friend asked Fiona Fang, "Is your father there?" ? "Hui Yuan replied," My father waited for you for a long time, and you left before you arrived. The friend was angry: "No humanity!" Walk with people, walk with people. "Fiona Fang said," you and your family will be in Japan. If Japan and China do not arrive, there will be no letter; It is impolite to scold your father. " The friends were ashamed and got off to get them, but Fiona Fang ignored the entrance.