Looking through the Research on Chinese Teaching in Middle Schools edited by Su Yongkang, I found that "composition is a comprehensive and creative verbal activity, and at the same time it is a complex emotional activity and psychological activity."
What is the significance of composition teaching?
First of all, writing ability is the need of society.
The history of mankind is transmitted to future generations through written language. Therefore, Cao Pi's Dian Lun said: "Governing the country by writing is an immortal event. Years of life are sometimes exhausted, and glory and happiness will stop the body. Both will come to a normal period, indicating that the article is endless. " It can be seen that written expression is irreplaceable and irreplaceable.
Secondly, writing ability is a necessary ability for people to exist as a society.
People "always live alone in this world in their own way". For everyone, loneliness is accompanied by life. In order to get rid of loneliness and sense of belonging, people must communicate with others, and spoken and written language is the most basic way. Therefore, we need to cultivate the ability of writing to improve ourselves and better exist in society.
Third, composition teaching is of great significance to students.
Mr. Ye Shengtao said: "As far as students are concerned, composition is a comprehensive expression of academic achievements in various subjects, experiences in various extracurricular activities, and usual ideological and moral qualities." It can be seen that composition teaching involves all aspects of students' growth:
1 can cultivate students' healthy emotions, positive attitude towards life and correct values.
2. Improve students' written expression ability.
3. Develop students' thinking ability, including logical thinking and image thinking, and stimulate students' creative potential.
4. Consolidate and improve the knowledge and ability gained from reading class.
Our Chinese teaching has two important components, reading teaching and composition teaching. The two complement each other. Students' language learning is a process from imitation to creation. Accumulate and imitate from reading the text, get the method of organizing language and articles, and then apply it to writing, consolidate and in turn promote our reading teaching.
2. Composition My teacher will meet many teachers in his life. Parents are indispensable teachers when we grow up, and then as we grow older, we enter the school. Since then, teachers have come into our lives and become an indispensable part of our lives.
Every teacher is different. Although the teacher is good, no teacher is perfect.
They don't need to be beautiful, but they must be kind to all students; They don't need too many words, just let all the students feel the warmth of the big family; They don't need to praise themselves as "parents" too much, but take every moment of their own as a rebuttal to win the respect of others; They selflessly impart all their knowledge to every student without any return. ...
They should read widely and be able to answer the questions raised by our naive children who have just discovered the world with their eyes, described the world with words and described the world with words in class. Someone who answers our questions reasonably and makes us suddenly realize.
We are a group of ignorant children. We are curious about the things around us. We all have our own small dreams and "big" ideals. We will play those games that are naive in the eyes of adults for tens of thousands of times, and we will not play those games that are fun in the eyes of adults.
A good teacher in my heart should also have eyes that are good at discovering the advantages of others, but only discovering and creating the advantages of each student, so that students can find: "Every teacher is so approachable." Then use the trust in teachers to encourage students to work hard towards their truly great ideals. I think the most important teaching quality that a good teacher should have is a heart that loves teaching and classmates, so that he can really devote himself to the teaching career he loves and become a good teacher.
The good teacher in my heart is worthy of our respect and is appreciated and loved by people. They are like lighthouses in the night sky by the sea, illuminating the way home for fishermen who have not returned all night; For example, the guide on the road of life points out the direction for us on the way forward. ...
3. How to teach students to write a writer's composition? From grade one to now, my best friend is Zhong Yuting, and I'm glad that I finally became a deskmate with her this semester! ! ! !
Tingting is very cute, with a lovely oval face ~ ~ (≧▽≦)/~ high forehead. She has short, curly black shoulder-length hair. Since she cut her shoulder-length hair short, she has shown off to me every day and said, look, my super hair! ! ! ! Get up neatly every day. Do you envy me?
Tingting's home is far from school. It takes about half an hour to walk to school! I remember going to her house once, and I was tired and boastful on the way, but I still insisted on reaching her house. Otherwise, resting on the roadside ... will be regarded as a beggar ... Tingting's character is particularly lively, but she is also very stingy. I remember that she was bullied by three boys in our class from the third and fourth grade, and she often scolded others for touching other people's books for no reason. She cries after every quarrel. I comforted her and she punched me in return. In fact, Tingting is occasionally violent. In class, every time my desk is occupied by her for a little more than a quarter, it's useless for her to push back ... After a few minutes, it's still like this ... So alas, there is not enough room for my homework in class ~ ~ She and I often put the homework we want to do this day in our schoolbags, no matter who we see it, we will fall down ... so that every time she does her homework, I will do it at her place and then get up early to go to school.
4. Teaching Composition We used to write a composition, that is, we usually extract it and keep a diary. The head teacher is a Chinese teacher, so hold on tight. The way to improve your composition is to read more, remember more and read more.
Let me give you a little trick first: just use the sentences in the book, haven't you tried? That sentence on the tree can arouse the teacher's * * *. But to be appropriate, I don't want you to write it in the original words, I want you to modify it slightly. There are many articles in the world. See if you can copy them. Such as parallelism. It can be used in your own composition, such as writing about scenery. This can kill two birds with one stone. Not only do you remember the text, but you can also write your composition as well as a great writer.
Second, read more story books, haha ~ I didn't expect it? But it really works. When you read a story book, you mainly write down the plot inside. Either you write beautifully or you write brilliantly. Well, I used to attract people's attention with stories. Haha ~ but I haven't written for a long time. But the idea is this.
Third, after you finish writing a content, you must explain your ideas, that is, the central idea. Be sure to string the whole article together to make it look smooth and logical.
All right, that's all, little friend. It's just our own opinion. I hope it helps you. Digest carefully. Ha ha.
5. Character description composition, using two description methods to describe characters is one of the essential basic writing in primary school composition, and many parents don't know how to coach the character description in primary school composition. In fact, any writing has certain skills. When writing a narrative, people and things are inseparable. The most crucial step is to be able to recognize the requirements of the topic. How to write a good narrative describing characters? Then this article is aimed at how to help primary school students learn to write characters.
Writing a sequel related to characters does not require writing as complete as writing a narrative. Things run through the whole article, and the writer's narrative describes the characters through one event or several events.
First of all, the writer passes one thing.
To describe a character through things, things are generally used to highlight and express a certain quality or personality characteristics of the character. Describe the characters in many ways by their appearance, words, movements and psychology. Highlighting the typical, the so-called typical, is something that can fully express the characters' thoughts and show the good ideological quality of the characters to the fullest.
Second, write people through many things.
To write about a person through a few things is to use many things to reflect a person's quality, but the narrative of things should be complete, and the development of things should be clearly written, such as time, place, people, the cause, process and result of the event. You can also describe a character through the cross-narration of several things. However, we should also describe the appearance, behavior, words and psychology of the characters in detail to highlight their qualities.
Third, how to portray the characters.
In the narrative process, the description of characters can best represent their thoughts and feelings, personality characteristics, language features, movements and psychological activities, that is, the portrayal of characters. 1. Portrait description is described by features such as appearance, expression, clothing, posture and tone. The way to reveal a person's character is that the appearance of the character is closely related to the inner world of the character. Through the description of appearance, characters can leave a deep impression on readers. 2. Language description is both a dialogue and a monologue. Dialogue is a dialogue between two or more people; Monologue refers to the self-dialogue of the characters. The most expressive activity of a character is language, which plays an important role in expressing the character's thought and character. Personalized language, let people know who is in charge by voice.
Have you learned how to help writing in primary school composition? In addition to the above two points, there is also a description of the psychology and behavior of the characters. In short, we should learn to grasp the characteristics. By clearly expressing these characteristics in words, the characters and their qualities in the article will leave an unforgettable impression on readers.
6. Teach how to write a composition. First, the composition should learn to accumulate "reading thousands of books, writing like a god" and "a clever woman can't cook without rice", which explains the importance of "accumulation" in writing from both positive and negative aspects.
"Usually rely on accumulation, the examination room depends on play", which is the same experience of the students in the examination room. (A) language to establish a "vocabulary".
Vocabulary is the cell of an article. Vocabulary in a broad sense refers not only to the collection of words and phrases, but also to sentences and sentence groups.
There are two ways to establish "vocabulary": the first is reading. Usually, you should read books, newspapers and periodicals extensively, take reading notes, extract some beautiful words, sentences and paragraphs from a specific notebook, or make reading cards.
The second is life. At ordinary times, we should capture the fresh language in the popular spoken language and write it down in a small notebook or card that we carry with us. Over time, we can say it chapter by chapter and write it beautifully.
(2) Strengthen the accumulation of materials. Materials are the flesh and blood of the article.
Because many students usually don't pay attention to accumulating materials, they are worried every time they write a composition, or edit or copy it. The solution to this problem is to accumulate materials.
Usually, you can take a video camera and tape recorder with you, observe life deeply, actively participate in life, and record your experiences in family life, campus life and social life in time in the form of sketching, keeping a diary and writing observation notes. When recording, we should grasp the details and the characteristics of people, things, things and scenery.
The article written in this way is flesh and blood. (3) We should strengthen ideological accumulation.
Opinion is the soul of an article. The center of the article is not clear, or the thought is not profound, which often shows that the author's thought is superficial.
Therefore, it is necessary to establish a "think tank". There are two ways: first, be thoughtful.
"One more miss, one more gain." Think deeply at ordinary times and ask "why", "what" and "how" when something happens.
So you can see the essence through the phenomenon. It is also necessary to record the "sparks" of thinking and the conclusions of thinking at any time.
The second is compilation, that is, extracting famous sayings and aphorisms. In short, the composition should be accumulated, and the three writing warehouses of vocabulary, material and thought should be regularly counted, sorted and classified to continuously enrich and expand.
Second, to write a good composition, first learn to observe that Mr. Lu Xun emphasized two points when answering the question of "how to write a good article" for literary youth: one is to read more books, and the other is to practice more. Here, "seeing more" means observing more.
This shows that in order to write a good article and master skillful writing skills, it is necessary to observe more and learn to observe, and observation is the necessary premise and foundation of writing. Russian novelist Chekhov earnestly warned beginners: "A writer must train himself to be a keen observer and never give up! -It is a habit to exercise your own observation, as if it were second nature. "
It takes time to hone observation into habit and second nature, which is very useful and remarkable. Pay attention to the people, events, sights and things around you, and hunt for the materials needed in the composition: be interested in some seemingly insignificant but meaningful things, and pay attention to the cause, process and result of things; You should pay attention to how the plants in the campus flower beds change their colors all year round, and learn to get to the bottom of it and find out the ins and outs of these changes; You should go out, enter the society, meet more people, observe their words and deeds, think about some things, and integrate into your own thoughts at any time.
This is the process of observation. In the process of observation, we should pay attention to the following points: (1) Observation should never be limited to "seeing with eyes". Broadly speaking, more practical observation refers to mobilizing all the five senses of people: listening with ears, feeling with the body and, more importantly, thinking with the mind, so that the observation will be more delicate and profound.
(2) Pay attention to the use of "bad writing" in the observation process. As the saying goes, a good memory is better than bad writing.
Many students see a lot and think a lot every day, but they are not good at writing it down at any time, which will waste the observed materials and a lot of valuable things. (3) Pay special attention to perseverance in observation.
Don't make "brain fever". Three minutes of heat is not conducive to writing a good composition. You should observe life and think about every day in your life, so that you can write wonderful articles. Learning to observe plays a great role in laying the foundation and promoting a good composition. Without observation, you often find it difficult to write.
May you learn to observe, constantly cultivate and improve your ability to observe, and make great progress in your writing practice. Third, if the meaning is high, the meaning will be better, that is, to establish the center and intention of the article.
So what problems should the article pay attention to when expounding ideas? (1) Correct conception is the first meaning of the article. The so-called correctness is to ensure that the feelings and thoughts of the article are correct, in line with the nature and laws of objective things, in line with China's basic political principles, in line with people's basic moral requirements, and can give people positive inspiration. (2) Intentional singleness "The thing of composition is singleness, specialization is success, and dispersion is stupidity."
No matter how complicated things are, the main idea cannot be dispersed. An article should explain both this problem and that point of view, and it is ambiguous to ramble.
In fact, if you want to cover everything, it is definitely not in place. Moreover, an article can only have one center. Instead of "biting off more than one can chew", it is better to concentrate on expressing a center with pen and ink. Even if we express the center through several things, we should stick to the center, keep the same goal, pay attention to the combination of materials and centers, and let all the forces contained in materials point to the center. (3) The idea should be novel. Don't follow the crowd, the novel angle is the core of composition innovation.
The novelty of conception requires jumping out of the old box, not following the advanced thinking, habitual thinking or the original psychological formula, but examining the alternative content contained in the topic from a unique perspective to avoid what others often write and what others have not written. Even the same writing object can always be cut from multiple angles. As long as we break the mindset, stand at the height of the times, avoid "vulgarity" and seek "difference", think from multiple angles and sides, or associate, or expand, or analogize, or reverse, we can find what people have not done.
7. Find someone to teach me to write a composition ~ foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and unify the pronunciation of Chinese, which is a wonderful language.
Although every Chinese descendant has been learning Chinese since his parents' knees, after five thousand years, no one, whether ordinary people or language masters, dares to say that he has thoroughly understood the mystery of Chinese. There are many wonderful phenomena in China's language and writing.
Many glyphs are similar, similar, polysyllabic, polysemous and homonymic. Because of these characteristics, many interesting usages and stories are deduced in Chinese. But because of this, coupled with the tone sandhi of different dialects, it has caused a lot of troubles and jokes to the Chinese language and characters, which has made people's communication and communication more difficult.
I remember that in the early days of reform and opening up, there was a cross talk joke about speaking different dialects and pronunciations, joking in life and causing trouble. Among them, "corn millet" sounds like "female secretary", which is one of them.
A similar joke is also very popular now: a person went to a musical instrument store to buy a leather drum, but the dialect accent was too strong, which caused a lot of trouble: "Comrade, please show me your leather drum"? The salesgirl is unhappy: sixty cents (rogue)! The man didn't understand, and then said, never mind 67 cents. Anyway, make an invoice and go back for reimbursement! This time, the salesgirl was even more angry and cursed: no money (shameless)! The man still didn't hear clearly: no money? No money is better! The other one has the same effect: Diner: Comrade, how much is it to sleep (bowl) in jiaozi for one night? Waitress: Rogue (60 points)! Diner: It's quite cheap! Then come for two nights (bowls)! This kind of joke may be deliberately played by a gentleman of letters, but in real life, people from all corners of the country communicate together and answer irrelevant questions because of dialect problems. Sometimes, even with body language, drawing takes a long time, which makes people sweat and don't understand a single question. In Chinese, in addition to pronunciation, there are also problems with glyphs and strokes.
For example, when Chiang Kai-shek and Feng Yuxiang fought Biyang War in southern Henan, Feng Yuxiang sent troops to Biyang for reinforcements. The person concerned was careless and wrote Biyang in the order as Qinyang. The reinforcements did not advance to the Biyang battlefield in southern Henan, but to Qinyang in northern Henan, which is really the opposite. As a result, Feng Yuxiang was defeated and Chiang Kai-shek won the Central Plains War. Then, there are problems with Chinese pronunciation, glyphs and strokes. Are we going to propose, like some radical people before and after the May 4th Movement, to abolish Chinese characters and use Latin characters or other characters? This view is extremely naive and extremely wrong.
We find Chinese difficult and troublesome because we haven't really understood its mystery and beauty. Only when we have a deep understanding can we understand that Chinese can help us communicate and communicate in ways that are difficult to express in any other language. Say Chinese characters first.
It is more convenient and simple than any phonetic symbol to decompose Chinese characters into radicals, radicals, literacy, word formation and text input. Because of its own characteristics, Chinese characters can also deduce many interesting things, which can't be done by any kind of characters.
"Worm II" in Taishan stone carving means "endless romantic life", the variation of Confucius' feast in the Duke's Mansion means "wealth without a head" and "articles reaching the sky", and China's Spring Festival couplets mean "happiness is here", "2345, 6789", "lack of clothes and food (1) and food (/kl). I have long known that Zeng Guofan's "the more you fight, the more you lose" to "the more you lose, the more you fight" is enough to illustrate this point.
In Yang Naiwu and Chinese Cabbage, the litigator asked Yang Naiwu to change "there is no blue sky in the south of the Yangtze River, and there is no sun and moon in China" to "there is no blue sky in the south of the Yangtze River, and there is a sun and moon in China", and only changed "nothing" to "yes", which contains a very profound meaning. It was this difference that made Yang Naiwu win the favor of the emperor and the lawsuit. We can't help but admire the incisiveness and cleverness of litigation lawyers and knife and pencil collectors, and at the same time, we can't help but admire the wonder of China's language and writing.
What is even more amazing is that through the adjustment of word order and word order, decay can be turned into magic, plain into profound and incisive. Because Mr. Yu Youren's calligraphy is very good, some people like to collect Mo Bao in Yu Xiansheng.
One day, the note "Don't defecate anywhere" written by Yu Xiansheng was taken away, and later it was cut and pasted and framed into "Don't be casual in a small place". Can you not be surprised and cheer loudly? Of course, Chinese has brought a lot of troubles to people's communication because of its polyphony, polysemy, homophonic and dialect problems, but it is precisely because of this that another interesting phenomenon-homophonic has appeared in Chinese language and literature. Jia Yucun, Jia Baoyu and Zhen Baoyu in A Dream of Red Mansions are all pediatrics, so I won't talk about them.
Yuan Chun, Yingchun, Tan Chun and Xichun, the four sisters of Jiafu, formed the "original sigh", and four maids held the piano, played chess, served books and showed pictures, forming the "Qin, Qi, Calligraphy and Painting", each with its own meaning and originality. China folks used to use bats, sika deer and red-crowned cranes to express happiness, wealth and longevity, while carp and lotus root were used to express surplus every year, so there was a lotus root (even) broken silk (thinking) company, six deer (cranes) contracted for spring, three yang (sheep) opened Thailand, (bats) came to the door, and the ninth (lion) lived together.
It is worth noting that homophonic is not only widely used among the people in China, but also common in elegant literary halls and China's poems. Sunrise in the east and rain in the west, the road is sunny (sentimental) and sunny (sentimental).
Spring silkworms are tired to death, and every night candles cry the wick away. Liu Si and Lang are jade arms, Lian Si and Nong are heartbroken.
Such poems abound. Of course, homophonic has also brought embarrassment to some people.
For example, a pharmaceutical factory made a drug called "antidiarrheal seal", which is exactly the same as the name of singer Nicholas Tse. About Xie Singh hearing a medicine with the same pronunciation as his own name, which is used to treat dysentery and diarrhea, "the nose will be crooked."
8. How to teach middle school students writing skills is the embodiment of students' comprehensive Chinese ability.
There are many students who can talk about color change, and teachers are often at a loss. What's the problem? I think the main reason is that students' life scope is limited, they lack observation, their ability to feel life has not been developed, their practice materials are limited, and they have something to say in their hearts. In this regard, I will talk about my own experience on how to improve students' writing ability.
1. Mr. Ye Shengtao, a conscientious person who trains students to do life, said: Life is like a source, and articles are like a stream. The source is abundant and inexhaustible, and the stream flows naturally and is full of vitality. Ye Lao's words brilliantly revealed the inseparable relationship between sports and life.
Life is the source of creation. Only when you put yourself into your life, experience the true feelings of the world, enrich your personal feelings and accumulate the materials for practice can you have something to say, something to write, something to show and something to send, and the articles you write can be vivid and touching. Only in this way can readers read with interest and interest.
In teaching, teachers should consciously guide students to form good habits of careful observation, careful thinking and writing. As the saying goes, there is ink in your stomach, why not pour it out?
At the same time, teachers must teach them the method of observation. Suhomlinski said: Every child is born a poet, but in order to make the strings of his poems ring and open the source of his creation, he must be taught to observe and discover countless relationships between various things.
Teachers should encourage students to go out of the classroom and into life, and guide them to observe, discover and experience themselves; Encourage students to go into nature, stay in nature to enjoy, observe in appreciation, feel in play and appreciate Chinese exercises. Let the students really achieve the four belts: take their own eyes and look carefully; Bring your own ears and listen carefully; Bring your own brain to think and experience; Take your own pen and make the necessary records.
In teaching, I insist that students keep diaries, let students discover wonderful scenes in life with their own eyes, understand profound moments with their own wisdom, and broaden the places for students' activities as much as possible. I often use five minutes before class and extracurricular activities to let students read their diaries, and teachers and students will evaluate them together to judge a good diary with unique discoveries and experiences.
In this way, students' enthusiasm for keeping diaries is greatly improved, keeping diaries is no longer a mere formality, and the contents of diaries are becoming more and more abundant. Students have gradually developed a good habit of careful observation, prompting them to truly become masters of life, be conscientious people in life, and accumulate rich materials for practice.
Second, it is valuable writing for students to create situations and feel the real life experience. Only through personal experience can they move in and express themselves. If the content of the teacher's proposition is divorced from the reality of students' life, and students have no real life experience, how can they be stimulated to express their desires? In desperation, students can only make things up, and the articles they write can only be incoherent, inconsistent and lack true feelings.
Therefore, teachers should create appropriate situations to give students real feelings, guide students to absorb life materials with their eyes, nose, tongue and hands, and let students write with something in their eyes. Especially after listening to Professor Jian's happy composition observation class, it was an eye-opener and benefited a lot.
Professor Jane is good at creating original scenes, allowing students to make in-depth and meticulous observation and unique experience with eyes, ears, hands, nose and tongue, appropriately guiding the basic points of students' writing, and making students learn writing with great interest. After returning to school, I immediately used two classes to organize students to have a "balloon blowing" competition and made the rules of the competition. In three minutes, whoever blows the biggest will win, and of course the balloonist will be eliminated.
During the competition, I correctly guide students to use their eyes, ears, brains and pens. After the game, I asked the students to start writing, and in one class, the students finished writing. All the students' faces are filled with happy smiles, and the sad faces when they used to write are gone. Of course, it is impossible to do every exercise before practice, which requires the teacher to slow down the memory camera.
Although students have accumulated rich practice materials in their daily life, they can't enter the reappearance scene or their impressions and feelings are not deep enough due to psychological conflicts. At this time, teachers must be good at organizing and inspiring students with rich language, or relaxing students with vivid pictures and wonderful music to arouse memories of people, scenery and feelings at that time.
Under the guidance of the teacher, he sneaked into the night with the wind, and the past clearly emerged in the students' minds like a movie replay. At this time, pen writing will naturally be mentioned. Third, cultivate students to accumulate good words and phrases in reading. People rely on clothes and makeup. In fact, the article is also the same. Accurate and colorful words and phrases are more infectious and persuasive.
Teacher Ye Shengtao also said that writing depends on the usual accumulation, not only for writers and writers, but also for primary school students who practice writing. A primary school student writing an article today is actually a comprehensive reflection of his accumulated knowledge, language and thoughts before today. It can be seen that accumulation is important to writing.
An effective way to accumulate rich vocabulary is to guide students to read a lot. Extensive reading can not only broaden students' horizons and cultivate their sense of language, but also accumulate writing materials and enrich students' vocabulary.
On the other hand, students read too little and accumulate a limited vocabulary. Students' compositions can only be cooked in the teapot, and they can't be expressed heartily. Therefore, teachers should encourage students to read widely, absorb the strengths of others, and ask students to read more, think more, remember more and use more, thus enriching their brains. When writing, these good words and sentences can accurately add luster to your own articles. Of course, we can't accumulate good words and phrases overnight, but we must persevere and every little makes a mickle.
At the same time, we should also pay attention to the method of accumulation. When instructing students to read, I ask them to check, recite and write good words and sentences while reading. The accumulated content can be famous sayings, poems or beautiful sentences using various rhetorical devices, appearances of characters, detailed sentences, good beginning and ending or novel topics.
Read it out when you have time and write it down. I always use extracurricular activities to open the school library and guide students to read more and accumulate more.
Every Friday afternoon, the activity class lets students show the good words and sentences accumulated in a week and praise the class.