People who are unlearned and ignorant don't know the truth. Therefore, the ancient emperors put education and learning first when building the country and ruling the people. People who are good at learning often pay little effort to their teachers, but they benefit a lot, which can be attributed to the teachers and thanked them. Those who are not good at learning often pay a lot to their teachers, but get little benefit. Instead, blame the teacher. The questioner is like a carpenter. People who can't ask questions are the opposite. Those who can deal with questions should answer them in a targeted way. Like ringing a bell, Xiaoli, Jason Chung, Dali and the clock ring calmly, so that others can finish the questions and then answer them slowly. On the contrary, those who can't answer are talking about teaching methods.
2. The translation of classical Chinese is too urgent. People don't learn or know. Is the king of the past, the foundation of the country, and the people put teaching first. "Duiming" said: "Reading begins with learning." That's what it means!
◎ Easy to understand: Although it is jade with beautiful texture, it cannot be a useful vessel without polishing; Although man is known as the spirit of all things, if he refuses to learn, he will not understand the truth of being a man. Therefore, the ancient emperors, building the country and managing the people all regarded education as the most priority and important work. "Shangshu to Famous Articles" said: I always want to learn from beginning to end. That's what it means.
Although there is delicious food, I don't know its purpose; Although there is supreme Tao, learning, I don't know its goodness. Therefore, learning is not enough, and teaching is difficult. If you don't know enough, then you can reverse; Advance despite difficulties, and then strive for self-improvement. So teaching and learning are also beneficial. "Duiming" said: "Learn half." What does this mean?
◎ Easy to understand: Although there are good dishes there, you don't know their delicacy unless you eat them; Although there is the best truth (the best righteousness), you can't know its beauty and value without learning. Therefore, after learning, I know that my knowledge is not enough, and after teaching, I find that my knowledge is out of reach. If you don't know enough, you can reflect and study hard. Knowing that there are difficulties, you can only encourage yourself and work hard. So teaching and learning complement each other. Shangshu said: Teaching others can receive half the learning effect, and teaching and teaching can promote each other. That's what it means.
Ancient teachers have schools, the party has difficulties, the art is orderly, and state-owned learning. Admission the following year, middle-aged exam. One year depends on distinguishing classics, three years on respecting orchestras, five years on learning, and seven years is called small achievement; I have known the class very well for nine years and stood firm and did not object. This is a great achievement. Husband is enough to change customs, those who enter persuade them, and those who are far away are pregnant. This is also the way of university. Remember: "A moth can do it at the right time." This is called learning.
◎ Easy to understand: In ancient times, there was a school of "private schools", one of which was Yao (500 was a party), the other was Xu (12,500 was a school) and one country was imperial academy. Freshmen enter school every year and take exams every other year. After entering school for one year, read the scripture sentences and make clear your ambition; Three years to investigate whether students respect and concentrate on their studies and are willing to get along with others; Five years to examine whether students are knowledgeable and close to teachers; In seven years, it can be called Cheng Xiao to see if students have unique academic views and their choice of friends. In nine years, you have a good knowledge, you can draw inferences from others, you are not confused when you are in trouble, and you don't violate the teacher's training. It can be called Dacheng. Only in this way can we educate the people and change their customs, and then all the people nearby will be persuaded and all the people from afar will join us. This is the method of university education and the second place. The ancient book says: ants always have to learn to hold mud before they can get bigger. That's what it means.
3. Learn the first classical Chinese to translate the original text
Confucius said, "You too! Women smell six words and six covers? " Yes: "Not yet." "In (2), my language girl. Kindness is not easy to learn, and its cover is also stupid; If you know well and don't learn well, your cover will waver; Honesty is not easy to learn, and its cover is also a thief; Straight board is difficult to learn, and the cover is distorted; If you are brave and study hard, your cover will be messy. It's hard to learn and crazy. "
The Analects of Confucius? Yang Huo ".
To annotate ...
① six words: six words. These are the following six virtues: benevolence, wisdom, faithfulness, straightforwardness, courage and rigidity. 2 homes: sit down. Thief: harm, harm. 4 wringing: refers to sharp speech. ⑤ Chaos: the little finger is noisy, and the big finger is noisy.
translate
Confucius said, "Zhong You! Have you ever heard of liu de's six diseases? " Lutz replied, "No." Confucius said, "Sit down! Let me tell you something. The disadvantage of loving benevolence without learning etiquette is that it will become stupid; Love smart but don't learn manners, its disadvantage is bohemian; I like to talk about honesty but I don't learn manners. Its disadvantage is that it is easy to be used by others and harm others. I like to be direct, but I don't learn manners. Its disadvantage is that my words are sharp and prickly. Being brave but not learning manners has the disadvantage of causing trouble; If you like being strong and don't learn manners, its disadvantage is boldness. "
4. Translation: It is a national of the ancient king, and teaching is the first. Original sentence: the founding of the people is the ancient king, and teaching comes first.
Therefore, the ancient kings always took education as the primary task when building the country and ruling the people.
Explanation of words:
So: so. Yes: this; So: the reason. For this reason.
King: A person who is a king. Wang reads "Wang", a verb, to be emperor and king.
Military and civilian: rule the people. Jun, verb, domination, domination.
This language comes from Xue Ji, and the whole sentence is: "Jade is rough and abrasive; People don't learn or know. It is a national of the ancient king, and teaching is the first. " It means: jade is not cut and not polished; People can't understand Confucianism without studying. Therefore, the ancient kings should take education as their primary task when building the country and ruling the people.
Xue Ji systematically and comprehensively expounds the purpose and function of education, the system, principles and methods of education and teaching, the position and function of teachers, and the relationship between teachers and students and classmates in the process of education. It is the earliest monograph on education and teaching in ancient China.
5. The original and translated versions of ancient Chinese learn from each other:
Selected from Notes of Thirteen Classics
Jade is not cut, not a tool; Unless you learn, you will become an animal. He is a citizen of the ancient king, and teaching is the first. "Saving Life" said: "Reading begins with learning." That's what it means!
Although there is delicious food, I don't know its purpose; Although there is supreme Tao, learning, I don't know its goodness. It is to learn and then know the deficiency, and to teach and then know the difficulty. I don't know enough before I can react. Advance despite difficulties, and then strive for self-improvement. So teaching and learning are also beneficial. He said to his life, "learn half." What does this mean?
Translation:
Even if there is a delicious dish, you won't know it is delicious if you don't eat it; Even if there is the best truth, you won't know its mystery without learning. Therefore, through study, I know that I have shortcomings, and through teaching, I know that I am confused.
Know your own shortcomings, and then urge yourself to further study; Know that you are confused, then you can make progress on your own. Therefore, teaching and learning promote each other and improve together. "Redemption" says: Teaching others is also half of your own learning. That's probably what I said.
Extended data:
"Learn from each other's strengths" related sentences:
Although the sword is sharp, it does not stop; Although the materials are beautiful, they are not high to learn. Although there are fine dishes, you don't know their purpose until you taste them; Although there are good methods, you can't achieve them without learning. Therefore, learning is insufficient, and teaching is insufficient. Insufficient, so I am ashamed and encouraged; If you don't study it, you will become familiar. From this perspective, teaching can learn from each other.
Selected from Volume III of Biography and Interpretation of Poems of Han Dynasty.
Translation:
Although the blade is sharp, it can't cut anything else without grinding; Although people's qualifications are smart, they can't improve their self-cultivation without studying hard. Although there are good wines and delicacies, you can't know their delicacies unless you taste them yourself; Although there are correct reasons, it is impossible to understand their functions without studying hard.
Therefore, through learning, we will find our own shortcomings; Through teaching, I realized that I didn't study deeply. If you find your own shortcomings, you will be ashamed and study hard. Knowing that you don't study deeply, you will ask for advice all over the world and understand things. Thus, teaching and learning complement each other.
Sogou encyclopedia-teaching and learning learn from each other
6. Seeking Xue Ji's classical Chinese and its translation, seeking the most complete original text, considering the constitution, and seeking kindness are enough to be heard, but not enough to move the public; It is wise and far away, enough to move the public, not enough to turn the people.
If a gentleman wants to turn people into customs, he must learn it! Jade is not cut, not a tool; People don't learn or know. He is a citizen of the ancient king, and teaching is the first.
"Duiming" said: "Reading begins with learning". That's what it means! Although there are delicacies, I don't know the use of food; Although there is supreme Tao, Buddhism does not know its goodness.
It is to learn and then know the deficiency, and to teach and then know the difficulty. If you don't know enough, you can be self-defeating, and if you know difficulties, you can be self-reliant.
So teaching and learning are also beneficial. "Duiming" said: "Learning is half done".
That's what it means! Ancient teachers have schools, the party has difficulties, the art is orderly, and state-owned learning. Admission the following year, middle-aged exam.
Different from the classic year; Three-year-old professional music group; Five years teaching experience; Seven years of study and making friends is a small achievement. I have known the class very well for nine years and stood firm and did not object. This is a great achievement.
Husband is enough to change the customs, and those who are near will persuade him, and those who are far away will be pregnant. This is also the way of university. Ji said: "moths can learn from it."
That's what it means! At the beginning of university education, Pigou sacrificed vegetables to show his respect for Taoism. The third edition of Elegant Night is the official beginning.
Sun also enrolled in school. Two things in early summer, accept their prestige.
If you don't look at your studies, you swim in ambition. Don't look at the time, but leave your heart in the words.
The young people listened and asked, but they couldn't wait to learn. These seven things are related to teaching.
"Ji" said: "Where to learn, officials should do things first, and scholars should be ambitious first". That's what it means! Teaching in a university also means having a proper career when teaching and a place to live when retiring.
If you don't learn to hold the string, you can't set the string; If you don't learn bo yi, you can't learn poetry; You won't be polite unless you learn miscellaneous clothes. If you don't like your art, you can't enjoy learning.
Therefore, a gentleman is learning, hiding and practicing, and traveling at rest. My husband is born, so I learn from him and kiss his teacher, and I enjoy my friend very much and believe in his way, so although I leave my teacher, I have no objection.
"Saving Life" said that "respecting Sun Wuzhimin, practice is coming", that's what it means! Nowadays, teachers are moaning that their minds are full of information and words, and then regardless of their own safety, people can't help but be sincere and teach people not to do their best and try their best to pray for Buddha. But if you are a husband, you will hide your study and attack your teacher, and you will suffer from it without knowing its benefits.
Although it is the end of the matter, it must go quickly and teach it without punishment. University law: it is forbidden to say underdevelopment; When it can be called; Don't care, call Sun; Looking at each other is good, called friction. These four things are also well taught.
If it is sent and then banned, it will be overwhelming; If you study outside your time, you will work hard and it will be difficult to achieve anything; Miscellaneous giving without grandchildren, bad and chaotic without repair; Studying alone without friends is ignorant; Yan Peng rebelled against his teacher, and Yan Bi abandoned school. These six things are all taught and abandoned.
A gentleman knows both teaching and being taught, and then he can be a teacher. Therefore, the teaching of a gentleman is figurative.
Tao leads, strong and restrained, open and far-reaching. Tao leads to harmony, strength leads to restraint and opening leads to thinking.
Harmony and easy thinking are good metaphors. Scholars have four mistakes, and teachers must know them.
People learn too much, or lose too little, or lose too easily, or stop. These four hearts are different.
Know his heart, and then save his loss. Teachers should also learn to be good and save the lost.
A good singer makes people follow his voice; A good teacher will make people follow their ambitions. His writing is about to reach, but it is slightly obscure and metaphorical, which can be described as a continuation of ambition.
A gentleman knows the difficulty of learning, the beauty and the evil, and then he can metaphor, metaphor and then he can be a teacher, a teacher and then he can be a long, long and then he can be a king. Therefore, teachers are also teachers, so learning to be a gentleman is also a reason to choose teachers.
"Ji" said that "three kings and four generations are only their teachers." That's what it means! The way to learn: stricter than the teacher is more difficult.
Teacher Yan respected the Tao, and the Tao respected the people and respected learning. Therefore, there are two reasons why you don't serve the minister: when you are a corpse, you serve the minister; When he was a teacher, he was also a servant.
The gift of a college student, although written, respects the teacher. Good scholars can learn from others and get twice the result with half the effort, so they are mediocre.
Poor scholars and diligent teachers get twice the result with half the effort, so they complain a lot. People who are good at asking questions are like attacking wood. Those who are easy first, then their procedures, after a long time, tell each other to solve.
People who are not good at asking questions are the opposite. Be kind to the questioner like a bell, the small one will ring, the big one will ring, treat him as a guest and make good use of it.
People who are not good at answering questions are the opposite. This is the way to learn.
The study of antithesis is not enough to think that a teacher will obey! If you can't ask about force, then talk about it, talk about it without knowing it, although it is possible to give up. A son who is good at smelting must learn to be a prostitute; The son of a good bow must learn to be a basket; On the contrary, the first driver is in front of the horse.
Only a gentleman who abides by these three points can have an interest in learning. Ancient scholars were uglier than things, drums were not matched with five tones, and five tones were not harmonious; Water does not deserve five colors, and five colors do not deserve chapters; Learning is not suitable for the five senses, and the five senses are incurable; Teachers don't deserve five clothes, and five clothes don't kiss.
The gentleman said: Great virtue is not an official, the road is not a device, great faith is not kept, and the times are uneven. Observe these four things, and you can be interested in this.
The three kings' sacrifice to Sichuan is the first and last one, or the source, or the commission, which is called the service book! (Rulers) can gain a small reputation by issuing decrees and attracting sages (some of whom can't help themselves), but they can't arouse the hearing of the masses; If they get close to the wise and those who are alienated from themselves, they can arouse the hearing of the masses, but they can't play a role in educating the people. If a gentleman wants to educate the people and form good customs, he must re-establish schools and re-teach! Jade is not a tool; People can't understand without learning.
Therefore, in order to establish the country and govern the people, ancient kings must first establish schools and teach. In the chapter "Shangshu Duiming Names", it is said that "we should always give priority to learning and teaching", which is the truth! Although the food is delicious, you don't know its delicacy until you eat it; Although the truth is profound and perfect, you won't understand its benefits without studying it.
Therefore, only by studying can we know our own shortcomings, and only by teaching can we feel confused. Knowing your own shortcomings in learning, you can in turn be strict with yourself; If you feel confused, you can study tirelessly.
Therefore, teaching and learning complement each other. The chapter of Duiming says: "Teaching and learning are two sides of the same thing", which is the truth! In ancient times, there was a school called Shu in every twenty-five schools, a school called Dong in every political party, a school called Xu in every technology, and there were universities in countries where emperors or vassals lived.
Students enter school every year and are checked every other year. First year exam.