1. Expression skills, also called artistic techniques, include:
①Expression methods: narrative, description, lyricism, discussion, explanation
②Expression techniques: Provoking, associating, setting off, circumlocution, echoing, sidelining, symbolizing, contrasting, moving from reality to virtuality, combining virtuality and reality, using allusions, expressing one's feelings directly, borrowing scenery to express feelings, embedding feelings in scenery, blending scenes, supporting objects to express one's ambitions, borrowing from the past Satirize the present, turn movement into stillness, combine movement with stillness, see the big from the small, and get straight to the point.
2. Rhetorical techniques: metaphor, personification, parallelism, exaggeration, repetition, metonymy, rhetorical question, questioning, quotation, comparison
3. Expository text classification:
1. Explanatory essays on physical objects, explanatory essays on affairs, and explanatory essays on procedures
2. Explanatory essays on science and technology, and literary expository essays (also called science sketches or knowledge sketches)
4. Explanation sequence:
p>1. Time order: historical order, chronological order, the order of the four seasons, morning and evening (sequential) order
2. Spatial order: pay attention to nouns indicating orientation
3 , Logical sequence: summarize first and then divide, from primary to secondary, from outside to inside, from simple to complex, from here to there, from phenomenon to essence, etc.
5. Explanation method: list numbers, make Comparison, giving examples, making analogies, classifying, etc.
An analogy: vividly illustrates... and enhances the interest of the article.
Give an example: Describe the characteristics of... in detail, so as to make the explanation more specific and convincing.
Compare: compare... with... to highlight the characteristics of....
Column numbers: Use specific data to explain to make the explanation more accurate and convincing.
6. The order of narrative: forward narration, flashback, interlude (retrospective narration)
7. Character description method:
1. Portrait (appearance) description , action description, expression description, language description, psychological activity description
2. Positive description and side contrast
8. The role of sentences in the structure of the article:
< p>To summarize the full text, to trigger the following, to lay the foundation, to foreshadow, to connect the previous and the next (transition), to refer back and forth, to echo the beginning and the end, to summarize the full text, to highlight topics, and to promote plot development9. The role of sentences in expressing expressions : exaggerate the atmosphere, highlight the character's image (or character's emotion), highlight the center (reveal the main idea), highlight the theme (deepen the center)
Answering skills
1. A certain sentence in the text Functions:
1. The beginning of the article: the opening topic; exaggerating the atmosphere (prose), laying the groundwork (narrative articles), setting up suspense (novel, but will not be tested in Shanghai), and providing support for the following ; General lead below;
2. In the text: connect the previous and next; lead below; summarize the above;
3. End of the text: point out the center (prose); deepen the theme (narrative article) Article); anaphoric beginning (argumentative essays, narrative articles, novels)
2. The role of rhetorical devices: (the role of the rhetorical device itself + sentence context)
1. Metaphor :... uses metaphorical rhetorical techniques to describe..., expresses the author's feelings for..., and is vividly vivid.
2. Personification: ...uses the rhetorical technique of personification to write... with human emotion and character, expressing the author's feelings for?, very vivid and vivid (or lifelike, lifelike) .
3. Exaggeration:... uses exaggerated rhetorical techniques to describe... and express the author's emotions. The associations are strange and full of imagery.
4. Rhetorical question: ... adopts the rhetorical technique of rhetorical question, and uses the sentence structure of rhetorical question to express the author's feelings. The tone is stronger and the thoughts expressed are also stronger.
5. Parallelism: ... uses the rhetorical technique of parallelism to describe the scene of ... and express the author's feelings in a concentrated way. The rhythm is lively and enhances the momentum of the language.
6. Duality: ... uses the rhetorical technique of duality to describe... and express the author's feelings for..., with a lively rhythm and full of musical beauty.
3. Answers to the meaning of sentences:
For such questions, there is often a word or phrase in the sentence that uses metaphor, contrast, metonymy, symbol and other expression methods. When answering questions, reveal the objects they refer to, and then clarify the sentences.
4. Should a word in a sentence be replaced by another line? Why?
Answer: No. (verb) Because the word is written accurately, vividly and concretely.../
No. (adjective) Because this word vividly describes.../
No. (Adverbs: mostly, mostly, very, only, etc.) Because this word accurately explains the situation of... (indicating degree, indicating limitation, indicating time, indicating scope, etc.), after changing it, it becomes..., which is inconsistent with the facts. .
5. Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why?
Answer: No. Because:
(1) It is inconsistent with the rules of people’s understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from appearance to interior, from phenomenon to essence).
(2) This word has a one-to-one correspondence with the above.
(3) These words are in a progressive relationship, interlocking and cannot be interchanged.
6. Summary of the meaning of the paragraph
1. Narrative articles: answer clearly (when, where) who did what.
Format: (time + place) + person + thing.
2. Explanatory articles: Answer clearly what the object is and what its characteristics are.
Format: description (introduction) + description object + description content (features)
3. Argumentative articles: clearly answer what the discussion question is and what the author’s point of view is.
Format: What argument method is used to prove (demonstrate) + argument
Answer ideas
Poetry appreciation questions
Mode 1 analysis Imagery, artistic conception type
Questioning method: What kind of artistic conception does this poem create?
Question variations: What picture does this poem paint? What thoughts and feelings does the poet express?
Answer analysis: This is the most common question type. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginative state created by the combination of objects (i.e. images) that entrust the poet's emotions. It includes three aspects: scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions.
Answer steps:
①Describe the picture shown in the poem. Candidates should grasp the main scenery in the poem and reproduce the picture in their own words. When describing, you must first be faithful to the original poem, and second, use your own associations and imagination to recreate it, and strive to be beautiful in the language;
② Summarize the atmosphere and characteristics created by the scenery. Generally, two two-syllable words can be used, such as lonely and deserted, quiet and beautiful, majestic and majestic, bleak and desolate, etc. Pay attention to accurately reflecting the characteristics and mood of the scenery;
③ Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings. Don't be vague, be specific in your answers. For example, just answering "expressing the author's sentimental feelings" is not enough. Answer why it is "sentimental".
Answer examples:
Two quatrains (Part 1) (Du Fu)
The rivers and mountains are beautiful in Chiri, and the spring breeze is fragrant.
Swallows fly when the mud melts, and mandarin ducks sleep in the warm sand.
(Note: This poem was written when the poet temporarily settled in a thatched cottage in Chengdu after the wandering life of "One Year and Four Lines".)
What kind of scenery does this poem describe? What feelings does the poet express? Please give a brief analysis.
Answer: This poem describes a beautiful early spring scene: the sun shines in the spring, the fields are green, the river reflects the sun, the spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants, the mud melts and the soil is moist, and the swallows are busy building nests in the mud. , the sun is bright and the sand is warm, the mandarin ducks are sleeping quietly on the sandbar (step 1). This is a clear and gorgeous spring scene picture (step 2). It expresses the poet's joyful and leisurely mood after ending his wandering life and settling down (step three).
Mode 2 Analysis Skill Type
Questioning method: What expression techniques are used in this poem?
Question variation: Please analyze the expression technique (or artistic technique, or technique) of this poem. How does the poet express his emotions? What is the effect?
Answer steps:
(1) Accurately point out what technique was used;
(2) Combined with the poem to explain why this technique was used;< /p>
(3) How effectively does this technique convey the poet’s feelings?
Answer examples:
Early trip (Chen Yuyi)
The dew invades the camel brown and the dawn is light, and the stars are particularly bright.
Lonely bridges and dreams, grass and insects chirping deep in the rice fields.
What are the main expression techniques used in this poem? What is the effect?
Answer: Mainly using contrast technique (step 1). Before daybreak, the stars are criss-crossed and extremely bright, contrasting with the darkness of the night; the "humming of grass and insects" contrasts with the silence of the environment (step 2). Both contrasts highlight the poet's early travel and the loneliness in his heart caused by wandering (step three).
Mode 3 Analysis of Linguistic Characteristics
Questioning Method: What are the linguistic characteristics of this poem?
Question variation: Please analyze the language style of this poem. Let’s talk about the language art of this poem.
Answer steps:
(1) Use one or two words to accurately point out the language features;
(2) Use relevant sentences in the poem to analyze this in detail Features;
(3) Point out what kind of emotions the author expresses.
Answer examples:
Spring Resentment (Jin Changxu)
When you beat up the yellow orioles, don’t teach them to sing on the branches.
When I cry, I startle my concubine in my dream, and I cannot get to western Liaoning.
Please analyze the language characteristics of this poem.
Answer: The language of this poem is characterized by freshness, nature and colloquialism (step 1). "Huang Ying'er" is the pronunciation of "er", which shows the innocence and naivety of a woman. "When it cries, it frightens the concubine's dream, but she cannot go to western Liaoning" uses simple language to indicate that the reason for beating the oriole is because it disturbs her sweet dream of missing her husband (step 2). This very naturally expresses the woman's longing for her husband (step three).
Pattern Four Fonts
Questioning method: What is the most vivid and expressive word in this couplet? Why?
Question variation: A certain word has always been praised by people. What do you think is good about it?
Answer analysis: The ancients paid attention to the refinement of characters when writing poems. This question type requires you to appreciate the beauty of these tempered characters. When answering the question, the word cannot be discussed in isolation. It must be placed in the sentence and analyzed in conjunction with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem.
Answer steps:
(1) Explain the meaning of the word in the sentence;
(2) Expand the association and put the word into the original sentence to describe Scene;
(3) Point out what kind of artistic conception the word highlights, or what kind of emotion it expresses.
Answer examples:
Farewell to Nanpu (Bai Juyi)
Farewell to Nanpu is desolate, the west wind curls up in autumn.
My heart is broken at the sight of it, so don’t look back.
Predecessors believed that the word "kan" may seem ordinary, but in fact it is very expressive. It can truly reveal the image of the lyrical protagonist. Do you agree with this statement? Why?
Answer: Agree. Look, in the poem, means looking back (step 1). Li Ren left alone, but he kept looking back. Every time he looked back, he felt heartbroken. This word makes us seem to see the image of the lyrical protagonist with tears in his eyes, wanting to see but not daring to see (step 2). Just the word "look" vividly expresses the sadness of parting (step three).
Model Five One Word Leads to the Whole Poetry
Questioning method: A certain word is the key to the whole poem, why?
Answer analysis: Ancient poetry pays great attention to conception. Often one word or word can constitute the clue of the whole poem, the emotional tone of the whole poem, and the thought of the whole poem. By grasping this word, the proposition can often be seen from the small. , to test the candidate's grasp of the whole poem.
Answer steps:
(1) The role of the word in highlighting the main theme;
(2) The role of the word in the structure of the poem consider the role.
Answer examples:
Listening to the flute in Luo City on a spring night (Li Bai)
The sound of someone’s jade flute flies darkly, spreading into the spring breeze and filling Luo City.
In this nocturne, when you hear the willow tree breaking, who can’t help but feel the love of hometown?
The word "break willow" is the key to the whole poem. What does "break willow" mean? Do you agree with the "key" statement and why?
Answer: The meaning of "breaking willow" is "to say goodbye and cherish the distance", and the theme of the poem is homesickness (step 1). This homesickness is caused by hearing the flute sound of the song "Breaking Willow" (Step 2). It can be seen that "breaking willow" is the key to the whole poem.
Mode 6 Emotional, Purpose Type
Questioning method: What thoughts and feelings are expressed? What is the theme of this poem?
Question variations: What social reality does this poem reflect? What kind of sentiment does this poem express? Or ask questions based on the artistic conception, or ask questions about a certain sentence or linkage
Answering steps:
(1) What is written in each sentence (or related sentences) of the poem;
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(2) What expression techniques are used;
(3) What emotions are expressed.
Answer Example 1:
Nan Kezi (Wang Yan)
The dark mountains are gone, and the weather is cold and rainy. Several branches are moist and crying red. Don't cherish the flowers and face the east wind with melancholy.
The coir raincoat hats go out toward the north, and ditches and valleys open everywhere. Hard work in the world is related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers①. A plow of water is enough to hope for a prosperous year.
(Note: ① Sannong: refers to spring plowing, summer plowing, and autumn harvest.)
Try to analyze the content of Xieque and the longing and affection expressed by the author in the poem.
Answer: It describes the hard-working life of farmers without shelter from wind and rain, and expresses the exclamation that "the hard work in the world is due to rural areas and farmers" (step 1), (because I don’t have any special expression skills, so step 2 is skipped (over) expresses the farmers’ hope for good weather and abundant harvests (step three).
Answer Example 2:
Read the following Tang poem and then answer the questions. (National Volume 2)
Homesickness on the night of the winter solstice in Handan (Bai Juyi)
On the winter solstice in Handan’s post office, the shadows in front of the lanterns hugging one’s knees accompany me.
I want to sit at home late at night and talk about people traveling far away.
(Note: Winter Solstice, one of the twenty-four solar terms, was an important festival in the Tang Dynasty.)
How does the author write about "homesickness"?
Answer: Late at night during the winter solstice, my family was still sitting around in front of the lamp, talking about myself as a person who traveled far away (step 1). The author mainly expressed it through this imaginary picture (step 2) "Homesick". (Step 3 is not needed, because the question has already explained the emotion, it is just a way of asking)
(This question is 3 points: 1 point for imagination, 2 points for picture description)
Mode 7 evaluation question type< /p>
Questioning method: The evaluation question is to first list one or several poems, and then quote a comment made by ancient poetry critics or later generations on the characteristics of the poems. You are required to first judge whether the comment is correct and reasonable. , and then explain why. This type of question is very similar to the judgment and reasoning questions in the political history examination.
In fact, this type of question is just a variation of the first six types of questions. It does not ask questions directly. Students need to analyze by themselves whether the question is about content, theme, or expression skills, and then make appropriate questions based on the questions and poems. Expression.
Answering ideas:
(1) Review the question carefully;
(2) Read and understand the poem in depth;
(3) Combine it with the poem Content, combined with comments to answer questions.
Note when answering the question: stick closely to the content of the poem and analyze point by point; when explaining the reasons, stick closely to the keywords of the comment
Answer examples:
Chibi ( Du Mu)
The broken halberd sinks into the sand, the iron is not sold, and it will be washed away to recognize the former dynasty.
The east wind does not agree with Zhou Lang, and Tongquechun locks Erqiao deeply.
Someone once quoted "seeing the world in a grain of sand, and human feelings in half a flower" to summarize the artistic characteristics of this poem. Do you agree with this view? Please give a brief explanation.
Analysis: This is a typical poem evaluation question. The original meaning of the poem is very clear, but the questioner borrowed a line from a Western poem to summarize its artistic features and had to think a little differently when answering. The so-called "the world can be seen in a grain of sand, and human feelings can be said in half a flower" is a way of writing to see the big from the small and see the leopard through the tube. This article uses the unearthed cultural relics-Zhe Ji and the second daughter of Wu Kingdom-Er Qiao to show the political changes during the Three Kingdoms period.
Answer reference: This is an epic poem that expresses feelings about the rise and fall of the country. It can be said to have a big content and a big theme, but the poet expresses it through "small things" and "little things". The poem is "broken" by a small cultural relic. It reminds of the turbulent era of the Han Dynasty and the heroes in the Battle of Chibi. It can be said that "seeing the world in a grain of sand". The last two sentences connect the small matter of "Er Qiao" not being caught with the big theme of Soochow's hegemony and the three kingdoms. They are written in a concrete, touching, emotional and charming way, which can be said to be "a half-petaled flower talking about human feelings".
Mode 8 Comparative Evaluation Question Type
Questioning method: Given two or several poems, students are required to analyze and evaluate their similarities and differences after comparing and reading them.
Answer ideas:
(1) Read these poems thoroughly and grasp their ideological content and main writing methods, including background knowledge of the writer’s works;
(2) It is necessary to combine the comparative angles in the question (ideological content, emotions, artistic techniques, writing methods, rhetorical methods, etc.) to seek the differences of poems;
(3) Pay attention to the combination of points and aspects, both There is an overall analysis and there is a specific analysis. When expressing, pay attention to being clear and organized.
Answer examples:
Read the following two ancient poems and then answer the questions. (6 points) (Zhejiang volume)
Qi'an County Zhongzhong Ouji (Du Mu)
Two poles are on the sunset stream bridge, with half a wisp of light smoke in the shadow of willows.
How many green lotuses rely on each other and hate each other, looking back to the west wind for a while.
Wandering on the lotus pond in the evening heat (Yang Wanli)
The thin grass shakes its head and suddenly reports to the farmer, and the westerly wind is blocked by the drape.
The lotus flowers are still sad and hot in the dusk, and their lower faces are hidden deep in the green umbrellas.
What expression techniques are used in these two poems to portray the image of "Lotus"? Please point out the different emotional characteristics expressed by "Lotus" in the two poems, and make a brief analysis. (4 points)
Analysis: There are two questions in the question. The first question is about the most common points in expression techniques. It does not require analysis, so just write down the expression techniques. Of course, if it is explained in detail, That’s right. The second question requires an analysis of the differences in the emotions expressed in these two poems about things. Therefore, when answering the question, you must answer both aspects of the content according to the emotional theme model
Answer: 1. Both use anthropomorphic expressions Technique.
2. The "green lotus" in the previous poem has "hate" and "back to the west wind" (step 1), which contains the poet's hatred, expresses sadness and injustice, and has a sad and low tone (step 2) ). The "Lotus" in the latter poem is blown by the west wind and hides among the lotus leaves. It seems to be "sad and hot", but it is shy (step 1), revealing the author's love and joy, and the tone is lively and interesting (step 1) two).
Modern Chinese reading questions
(1) Classical Chinese reading
(1) Literary common sense: fill in the blanks, pay attention to the "three elements" - ① article title; ②The author's name; ③The author's dynasty. Others such as: the author's font size, evaluation of the author, related works, etc. will not be included in the exam.
(2) Dictation of famous sentences in the article: Leave two sentences blank and fill in the blanks according to the sentences before and after. Pay attention to the daily implementation of dictation to prevent mistakes in pronunciation and wording.
(3) Division of reading rhythm: first understand the meaning of the sentence, and then divide it according to meaning. Generally, subjects and predicates should be separated, and longer modifiers should be separated. Such as "Teng Zijing/relegated to Shou/Baling County", "Yu/Tianqiu/the heart of the ancient benevolent people" (subject + predicate + object), "Today the same place/a thousand miles away".
(4) Explain the meaning of content words. There are five categories of word explanations: common meanings, conjugations, multiple meanings, ancient and modern idioms, and key words. If there is an original meaning and a meaning in the sentence, try to answer it completely, especially not to lose the meaning in the sentence.
(5) Translation of classical Chinese sentences. Pay attention to the correspondence between the translated sentence and the original sentence, and be sure to explain the key words.
① Pay attention to sentence patterns: omission, judgment, inversion, and rhetorical question.
②Principle: Faithful, expressive and elegant. Literal translation is the main method, and free translation is supplemented when the literal translation fails.
③ Steps: cut, straighten, fill, adjust and copy.
Six untranslated words: place names, personal names, official names, reign names, emperor names, which have the same meaning in ancient and modern times. From the content point of view, it is easy to test the translation of key sentences; from the perspective of ancient Chinese, it is easy to test the translation of special sentence patterns; from the source point of view, most of them come from the notes after class.
(2) Narrative Reading
1. Words: When answering questions, you must look for the answer or the basis for the answer before and after the sentences in the passage.
(1) Able to understand the surface meaning of words, as well as the deep meaning and implication, and understand the effect of their expression;
(2) Able to determine the content of words: generally Appears above, find out the descendants and insert them into the original text to see if it is fluent and reasonable.
2. Summary:
Content summary (summary of the story plot in one sentence): characters and events (summarize the key points, the key points that promote the development of the plot must be \key sentences at the beginning and end must be Live)
Summary of the central idea: For example: "This article expresses the author's praise and admiration for...by someone doing something, etc., praising him (character, spiritual quality)
3. The function of the theme sentence: it runs through the whole text in structure and highlights the center in content.
4. Rhetorical methods and expression function
Metaphor, personification: vividly and vividly. Shows..., expresses... emotion.
Parallel: expresses..., expresses..., enhances the momentum of speech, and strengthens the emotion.
Question: Self-questioning and self-answering can cause readers to think and make the article have ups and downs.
Rhetorical questions: Strengthen the tone, enhance the momentum, express... (emotion), and make the article have ups and downs.
Answer ideas:
(1) Point out what kind of expression method
(2) What content is expressed
(3) What kind of emotion is expressed
p>
For example: This sentence uses..., thus vividly expressing...
5. Narrative order and function?
(1 ) The function of narration (in the order of the development of things): the narrative has a beginning and an end, is clear in structure, clear in context, and impressive.
(2) Flashback: creates suspense of... and makes the plot more twists and turns. , enhances the readability of the article.
(3) Narrative function: Supplementary explanation... enriches the character image and makes the center more prominent.
The narrative is interspersed with discussions. Function: connect the previous and the following in structure; add the finishing touch in content.
6. The main functions of paragraph sentences in the article are: (the answer must be answered from both the content and structure)
1. Structurally: inherit the previous text, open the following text, lead the following text (lead to the following text), connect the previous text with the following text (transition), and echo the previous text (beginning).
2. Content: opening topic, expressing emotions, and highlighting. Clarify the center, deepen the theme, and add the finishing touch.
3. In terms of writing: exaggerate the atmosphere, express ambitions, see the big from the small, set up suspense, lay the foundation for the subsequent text, and want to highlight the first. Depressing, expressing emotions through scenes, embodying feelings in scenes, supporting objects to express aspirations, etc.
The function of symbolizing and supporting objects to express aspirations: making expressions euphemistic, implicit, and profoundly touching.
The function of describing the environment. : Explain the time and place, reveal the background of the times; exaggerate the atmosphere, highlight the character's mood, show the character's personality, promote the development of the plot, etc.
7. Evaluation and Perception Category
Evaluation: " "Is it true?", "Agree or disagree", "Is it good?" Insights: Put forward your views on the problem based on the theme and personal life experience.
Inspiration is derived from the original text; evaluation indicates attitude and reasons. Pay special attention to Whether to give examples or combine reality, answer all the questions required.
8. Understand the commonly used methods of describing characters and understand their functions.
The methods are: ① Positive description: language, action, psychology, demeanor, appearance
② Side (indirect) description: other people or things
③ Detailed description
④The environment sets off the character's mood, etc.
⑤The emotional tendency of the words. Praise and criticism
The function is: to reveal the character's personality and show the character's inner world and mental outlook.
The role of the non-protagonist in the text: contrast and foil to make the protagonist’s character traits more distinctive.
9. Narrative language style: friendly and natural colloquial, humorous and ironic, passionate, cold and spicy, etc.
10. Person role:
First person: enhanced Enhances the authenticity and appeal of the article
Second person: facilitates emotional communication between the author and the characters or readers in the article, making it appear particularly cordial and touching
Third person: not limited by time and space , can reflect objective content relatively freely and flexibly, and has a relatively wide range of activities
(3) Expository reading
1. The order of explanation: temporal order, spatial order, logical order< /p>
Specific analysis of logical sequence: primary-secondary, cause-result, phenomenon-essence, characteristics-purpose, general-individual, general-specific, whole-part.
Typical test questions: What order of explanation is used in this article? What does it do?
Answer format: This article uses the following explanation order to make the explanation more organized. (The first blank should be filled with the specific order of explanation, and the second blank should be filled with the specific names of things or the explained reasons. If it is a descriptive explanatory text, but it cannot be expressed accurately, you can use vague words such as "reasons" and "scientific reasons". Language expression.)
2. The method and function of explanation (already covered in the previous "Explanation of Common Terms")
3. Language Analysis of Expository Text
1. When analyzing the language of the entire article, we generally talk about it from two perspectives: A. Accurate; B. Vivid or concise.
A is the most common feature of general expository writing.
B is from the perspective of different language styles. When doing this kind of question that analyzes the language characteristics of the entire article, you must combine it with the specific content of the article. For example, you can choose one sentence as an example.
Format: This article fully embodies the characteristics of accurate/vivid/concise and plain language. For example, the sentence "..." accurately/vividly/concisely explains the meaning of "..." Characteristics/Things.
2. For the analysis of specific articles/sentences/words, the functions of the articles/sentences are basically the same as above. The function of words has the following test format:
A. What is the function of adding dotted words?
B. Can it be replaced with another word?
C. Can I delete some added words?
Type A questions often need to be answered in combination with the characteristics of explaining the accuracy of the language (sometimes reflecting the vividness of the language). Question type B also requires comparing the differences between the two in the answer. Type C questions also need to add statements such as "the deletion does not conform to the laws of people's understanding of objective things or does not conform to the objective facts."
4. Analysis of expository writing methods
1. Combining explanatory methods
Format: This article mainly uses the explanatory method of... to explain... (Content: characteristics or reasons of things), to explain... (Function: refer to the previous explanation method to clarify its function)
2. Talk with rhetorical techniques
Format: This is a This vivid expository article uses a large number of rhetorical techniques to explain...(content), making the explanatory image of the article vivid.
3. Talk in combination with expressions
Narration and description make the explanation more concrete and vivid; expressive discussion makes the explanation more emotional. Then, analyze the writing method of expository essay from this perspective, the format is as follows:
This article uses a variety of expression methods, in addition to explanation, there are also... (from "narration, description, explanation, discussion" according to Content selection), such as... (specific example), is the use of... (expression) to make the explanation more concrete and vivid/full of emotion.
5. The function of the explanatory paragraph
There are three angles to answer this question:
(1) The function of structure and content: leading to the following, connecting the previous and the following, and summarizing Full text/previous text. Sometimes at the beginning of the article, it also plays the role of introducing the object of explanation/explaining the matter.
(2) Talk in combination with explanation methods.
Format: Through the explanation method of..., it explains... (characteristics or reasons of things), so as to explain... (function).
(4) Argumentative essay reading
1. Analysis of the role of argumentation methods:
①Example argument
Format: examples are used The method of argumentation is to cite... (summary examples) to prove... (if there are sub-arguments, write the sub-arguments it proves, otherwise write the central argument), thereby making the argument more specific and persuasive.
②Principal Argument
Format: The argumentation method of moral argument is used to demonstrate the point of view, thereby making the argument more general and in-depth.
③Metaphorical argument
Format: Using the argumentation method of metaphorical argument, comparing... to..., proving the point of view of..., thereby elaborating abstract and profound truths Vivid and easy to understand.
④Contrastive argument
Format: The argument method of contrastive argument is used to compare... with... and highlight the point of view of....
⑤Citation argument
Format: The argument method of citation argument is used to prove the point of view by citing... to make the argument more convincing.
(Or more interesting to attract readers to read)
2. Analyze the types and functions of arguments:
Format: This is...an argument, which plays the role of proof in the text... (Argument, if there are sub-arguments, write the sub-arguments it proves, otherwise write the central argument.)
Supplementary arguments are becoming popular as a new question type. When doing this type of question, pay attention to the following two things Aspects: (1) Clearly understand the type of evidence that is required to be supplemented, that is, whether it is a famous quote or an example; (2) When supplementing celebrity examples, pay attention to the word limit. Of course, as a test preparation, you can prepare famous examples and famous quotes on common themes such as "diligence" and "conduct". The number of words in the famous quotes should be small, and the things should be familiar. Do not prepare longer quotes or unfamiliar celebrity examples just for the sake of novelty.
3. The way the article presents the central argument:
①The title of the article points out the central argument;
②The central argument is presented at the beginning of the article;
< p>③The central argument is summarized at the end of the article;④The central argument is put forward in the middle of the article by a sentence that connects the previous and the following;
⑤The article does not directly put forward the central argument, but always revolves around... Expand the discussion.
4. Analyze the argumentation ideas of the article
First of all, you should understand the structure of a general argumentative essay: raising a question (introduction) - analyzing the problem (thesis) - solving the problem (conclusion) ).
Analyzing the argumentative thinking of argumentative essays is actually to add some relationships such as "first", "then", "continued" and "last" to the paragraph level to express inheritance, opening and closing relationships. words. When doing this question, pay special attention to the statements at the beginning and end.
The content at the beginning is:
(1) Put forward the central argument;
(2) Lead to the topic;
The above two aspects , it is necessary to answer the specific questions about the specific ways to put forward the central argument or introduce the topic. Some are through famous quotes, some are through celebrity anecdotes, and some are through anecdotes and jokes, etc.
Conclusion at the end:
(1) Deepen the central argument and propose the conclusion of...;
(2) Repeat or strengthen the central argument of...;
(3) Issue a call or exhort people to...;
(4) Supplementary argument.... (Sometimes this aspect is examined, and its function is to make the argument more rigorous.
5. Analysis of language characteristics of argumentative essays:
(1) Language characteristics;
< p>(2) Characteristics of language style.To do this type of question, you need to master some key words of language style: concise and plain, vivid, humorous, implicit and euphemistic, rich in literary talent, etc.). As for the characteristics of the style, it only takes four words to make a fuss about the letter and the logic. One thing that should be paid special attention to is that this type of question must be supported by specific sentences, that is, use specific sentences in the article as examples for analysis.
6. Analysis of the characteristics of argumentative essay writing
There are many angles to analyze the characteristics of argumentative essay writing, such as rhetorical techniques, argumentation methods, writing techniques, etc.
(1 ) Rhetoric: For example, metaphor can be combined with the characteristics of metaphor, that is, the image is vivid; such as parallelism, which enhances the momentum of the article's argument; such as quoting ancient poems and articles, which makes the article full of literary talent, etc.
(2) Argumentation method: Discuss the role of reference argumentation method.
(3) The writing techniques are relatively fixed, and the common ones are: A. Combining examples and arguments with theoretical arguments (narratives and arguments); B. Mainly using... argumentation methods.
Similarly, this type of question must be supported by specific sentences, that is, use specific examples in the article as examples for analysis.
7. The function of paragraph structure:
(1) Lead to the following (full) text;
(2) Summarize the previous (full) text;
(3) Connect the previous and the following.
As an argumentative paragraph, specific answers must be added based on stylistic features. The format is as follows:
① At the beginning, put forward the central argument by writing an example of... (or lead to the topic of...)/
② At the beginning, put forward the central argument by citing famous quotes... … (or a topic that leads to…)/
③ At the beginning, by citing celebrity anecdotes (or anecdotes of…), the central argument is put forward… (or a topic that leads to…), which also serves to attract people The function of readers reading below enhances the interest of the discussion.