Alas! The reason of ups and downs, although it is called destiny, is it not human! The reason why the original Zhuang Zong won the world is better than the one who lost it.
The world said that the general of the King of Jin would eventually give Zhuang Zong three arrows and told him: "Liang, I am also enemies; The Prince of Yan, I stand, the Khitan and I are about brothers, and they all carry Jin back to Liang. I hate these three. With your three arrows, you never forget your father's ambition! "Zhuang Zong by hiding in the temple. Later, when the soldiers were used, they were sent to sue the temple with a small prison, asking for its arrow, filling it with tricks, being negative and pioneering, and accepting it in triumph.
Fang Qi is a group of Yan and his son, who sent a letter to Liang Junchen, entered the ancestral temple, returned to the first king, and announced his success. His spirit is strong! And enmity has been destroyed, the world has been decided, one woman cries at night, the chaos should be four, and the soldiers are scattered without seeing the thief. The monarch and the minister care for each other and don't know where to return. As for the oath, the tears are lingering, how bad it is! Is it hard to get and easy to lose? Suppress the trace of its success or failure, but all from others? "Book" says: "Full of losses, modest benefits. "Worry and fatigue can rejuvenate the country, and leisure and leisure can die, which is natural.
Therefore, Fang Qisheng is also a hero in the world, so you can't compete with him; And its decline, dozens of actors are trapped, and the country dies and dies, laughing for the world. Husband's misfortune often accumulates in a small way, while wisdom and courage are trapped in drowning, so it's a lonely person! Introduction translation and annotation translation of leading officials
Alas! The fate of the country's prosperity and decline, although it is a destiny, isn't it due to personnel? We can find out why Zhuang Zong won the world and why he lost it. When the world said that the king of Jin was dying, he gave Zhuang Zong three arrows and told him, "Liang is my enemy; The prince was established with my support; Qidan and I made a Covenant and became brothers, but they all betrayed Jin and surrendered to Liang. These three things are my regrets; Here are three arrows for you. You must not forget your father's wish. "Zhuang Zong took the arrow and put it in the ancestral temple. After that, he sent his entourage officials to sacrifice one pig and one sheep to the ancestral temple. Please drop the three arrows, hold them in a knapsack, walk ahead with them on your back, and hide them in the ancestral temple until the triumph. When Zhuang Zong tied the prince and his son with ropes and put Liang Junchen's head in a affairs box, he entered the ancestral temple, returned the arrow to the late king, and told him of his success. How magnificent he was. When the enemy has been destroyed, the world has been settled, and a person shouts at night, the insurrectionist will respond in all directions. He flees to the east in a hurry, and before he sees the rebels, his soldiers will disperse, and the monarch and his subjects will look at each other and don't know where to go. So that I swear to God, I cut off my hair, and everyone's tears wet my skirts. How decadent it is. Is it easy to get the world difficult and lose it? Or is it that his success and failure are all due to personnel? The Book of History says, "Complacency brings harm, but modesty benefits. Worry and hard work can make the country prosper, and leisure and enjoyment can make itself perish. This is a natural truth. Therefore, when Zhuang Zongqiang flourished, no hero in the world could fight with him; When he was in decline, dozens of actors surrounded him, and he died, and the country perished, and was laughed at by the whole world. The evils in life are often accumulated from subtle things, and people's wisdom and courage are often trapped by things they love. Is it only when they love actors?
Annotations Lingguan: A singer, a performer, or an acrobatic singer, a modern entertainer. Lingguan: a figure in a palace for the rulers to entertain and perform. It can be seen that the feudal dynasty did not think about people's livelihood, did not think about making progress, and lost the world in luxury and lewdness! Lingguan can still make the world change hands, so we can see that we are not afraid of danger in times of peace! Rb: That makes sense. What: Don't. Personnel: refers to political gains and losses. Original: infer, infer its root, adjectives are used as verbs. World statement: the world says. To: put. Li: acceded to the throne. Its: mood adverb, indicating the mood of expectation and command, certain. Nai: yours. Temple: ancestral temple, the ancestral temple where emperors worship their ancestors. Engaged in: here refers to the official in charge of specific things. Juvenile prison: Sacrifice, with a pig and a sheep. Prison, sacrificial livestock. Kit: a silk bag. Front: in front. Negative: bear. And: wait until. Kay: the song of triumph, the song played when winning the battle. Spin: return, return. Fang: Right now. Tie: bind. Group: rope woven with silk, which generally refers to rope here. Letter: box, noun used as a verb, means to pack in a box. Hatred: "Hatred" and "enmity" are synonymous, enemies. Kazuo: One person. Hurriedly: In a hurry. And: wait until. Broken hair: cut off the bun and throw it on the ground to show that you are willing to lose your head. Suppression: Still. Ben: Explore, investigate. Book: Shangshu, a classic work of Confucianism. Xing: Make ... prosperous. Yiyu: Be at ease and happy. Traces: signs. Lift: all, all. Mo: No one. Huwei: a very small thing. A person or thing addicted to infatuation. The phenomenon of the preface of the official biography
The interchangeable word 1 is the father's ambition! "Nothing" leads to "Nothing" 2 and enmity has been extinguished, and "enmity" is the same as "enmity". Enemy
nouns are used as verbs. 1. Letter to Liang Junchen's first letter: use a box to suppress his success or failure: exploration, Investigation 3. The reason why the original Zhuang Zong won the world: to infer that
nouns are used as adverbials, and before the predecessor: 1. Go east in a panic: 1. Call the night to the east: 4. Respond to the chaos at night: 4. Respond to success with
verbs as nouns: 1. Tears of success. Ease and relaxation can lead to death: prosperity and death: extinction
Adjective as verb 1. A woman cries at night, and a chaotic person should be chaotic: insurrection
Adjective as noun 1. Wisdom and courage are more trapped in drowning: a courageous and resourceful person
Numerals are used as noun 1. Misfortune often accumulates in trivial matters: small things in ancient and modern times
. Handle, dispose of; Do things, handle affairs, although it is said that fate, it is not personnel: (ancient meaning) refers to political gains and losses (modern meaning) about the recruitment, training, deployment, rewards and punishments of staff; Human feelings 3. The reason why the original Zhuang Zong won the world's original: pushing its fundamental (present meaning) original; Originally, 4. Yan and his son were grouped into groups: (ancient meaning) ribbon, which here refers to the combination of ropes (modern meaning); Quantifier; Synthesize into one; Small unit
key notional word 1. The reason why Yuan Zhuang Zong won the world's original: 1. It is inferred that Yan and his son are tied together; Group: generally refers to the rope 3. Suppress the success or failure; or 3. Raise the heroes of the world, so you can't compete with them: all, all the leisure and leisure can be leisurely and carefree when you die: happiness refers to Zhuang Zong's love for music and drama, and he loves the actor
. Key function words 1. Adverb of his father's ambition, indicating imperative mood, which is equivalent to "certain." Emphasize the tone and don't translate the preposition: instead of the preposition of the loser, form a fixed phrase with the word "suo", indicating that the reason of "…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Prince Yan, I have set up these three things. I can rejuvenate the country with resentment and worry, and I can die with ease and ease. The principle of nature is also
1. Adverbial position (prepositional structure position) asks for its arrow, and it is only when Yan and his son form a group that they can tell kung fu. Disasters often accumulate in a small way, while wisdom and courage are mostly trapped in the drowning Zhuang Zong and hidden in the temple
. And tell (it) to successfully give (in) Zhuang Zong with three arrows, and tell (Zhuang Zong) to ask for its arrows, and to win (it) with a trick or not (Zhuang Zongzhi is trapped in), and the actor is also awkward (Zhuang Zong), and he is sent to tell (in) the temple with a small prison, and the passive sentence
4. Death and national destruction, for the world laughs at disasters often accumulate in small amounts, but The suppression of its success or failure is due to people's ambiguity in the word
. 1. Although it is called destiny, is it not that the personnel (prosperity) asks for its arrow, and it is full of tricks (loading) its spirit? It can be said that it is strong (exuberant) and it is also a hero in the world. It is impossible to compete with it (strong). 2 And the princes in the world are already trapped (trapped). It is difficult for the prince to be anxious (difficult). 3. Tell him to give Zhuang Zong three arrows and tell him to send him to the temple with a small prison (offering a sacrifice) and return him to the first king, while telling him to succeed (telling him). 4. Micro-disasters often accumulate in small (small things) and refer to the left office, so he sits on the floor against the wall (quietly) Who are we going home with (if not) 5. It is the father's ambition (adverb, should, must). As for swearing that the sky is broken and crying, how is it (modal particles)? It can be said that the sage is sacred (pronoun, he), and the fool is stupid. What is it? (probably, expressing speculative tone) The content and structure of the biography of Lingguan
This article is the preface written by Ouyang Xiu for the biography of Lingguan in the New Five Dynasties. This paper summarizes the historical lesson that Li Cunxu, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, won the world and then lost it, clarifies that the rise and fall of the country depends on personnel, and that "worry and fatigue can rejuvenate the country, while leisure and leisure can lead to death", and satirizes the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty to refrain from arrogance and extravagance, prevent minor delays and make great efforts to govern.
this article has four paragraphs, which can be divided into three parts.
The first part (the first paragraph) puts forward the argument that the rise and fall are due to personnel, and puts forward the basis of this argument that Zhuang Zong won the world and lost it.
The article started abruptly with a sigh of "Alas!", and with a pen, it sent out deep feelings about history. Then, the rhetorical question of turning relationship is used to emphasize the role of personnel and put forward the central argument: the reason of ups and downs is due to personnel. This sigh and question, a retreat and a progress, not only make the argument refreshing, but also set the tone of regret for the full text. Then, it points out the examples of Zhuang Zong's winning and losing the world, and explains the historical basis of his argument. "The reason why the original Zhuangzong won the world is that he lost it." This "gain" and "loss" correspond to the "prosperity" and "decline" in the argument, and lead to the following.
the second part (the second and third paragraphs) demonstrates the central argument.
The second paragraph carries on the narrative, detailing the example that Zhuang Zong accepted and carried out the decree of the King of Jin.
since the previous paragraph mentioned that Zhuang Zong won and lost the world as evidence, this paragraph naturally writes about the world first. The process of Zhuang Zong's winning the world has been written in the History of the New Five Dynasties in the Book of the Tang Dynasty. It is redundant to write it here, which also causes the literary trend to drag on, and it is out of order, so this paragraph chooses the story of "Jin Wang San Ya". This story belongs to legend and cannot be determined as a historical fact. Therefore, the official history including The History of the New Five Dynasties has not been included. However, this story had a considerable influence on the society at that time, which was recorded by Yu Wang in the Five Dynasties History Quewen in the early Song Dynasty. This story is vivid and typical, which can give people a sense of freshness, and its spirit is also in line with the situation of King Jin and Zhuang Zong, so Ouyang Xiu chose it in the article. In order to be cautious, the word "Shi Yan" was added in front. This story is the main example of the central argument, a strong argument to support the central argument, and the basis for the following discussion.
this paragraph is written in two layers with "three arrows" running through it. The first layer is that Zhuang Zong accepted the commandment, first writing that the king of Jin gave three arrows, then writing the commandment of the king of Jin, explaining the reasons for giving the arrows in detail, and then writing that Zhuang Zong "accepted and hid the three arrows"; The second layer is Zhuang Zong's execution of his behest, writing that Zhuang Zong started his career and fought with three arrows to inspire him, telling his success, and also targeting the first king with three arrows. Among them, Zhuang Zong's deferential attitude towards Sanya is mainly written. From Zhuang Zong's actions of "hiding in the temple" and "using troops later", we can see his determination and will to accept his legacy and take revenge, which is the reason why he won the world. The words "accept", "hide", "send", "sue", "please", "sheng", "negative", "drive" and "accept" depict the image of Zhuang Zongzhong's faithful execution of his father's orders, summarize the campaign situation of Zhuang Zongzhong in his heyday, embody Zhuang Zong's "worry about labor" and highlight the role of "personnel", which prepares for the following discussion. This narrative language is relatively gentle, without any discussion, but it contains arguments in the narrative, which proves the arguments with narrative, in line with the "sheng" and "winning the world" in the first paragraph. The whole narrative wants to suppress and promote first, so I write a "suppression" for the following.
The third paragraph turns to discussion, commenting on the rise and fall of Zhuang Zong and clarifying the central point.
This passage turns from narrative to discussion. First, praise Zhuang Zong's success with emotional pen and ink, and respond to the words "Sheng" and "Win the World" at the beginning of the article with "high spirits", and follow the narrative in the second paragraph; Then he lamented his failure, responded to the words "failure" and "loss" at the beginning of the article with "how bad it is", and inherited the narrative in the second paragraph. This turning point from the big rise to the big fall made a very strong contrast between the two situations of Zhuang Zong's extreme prosperity and extreme decline. The same person, from "prosperity" to "decline", has changed so dramatically and dramatically. What is the reason? Here are two rhetorical questions. The first one denies the saying that "it is hard to get, but it is easy to lose" in the form of rhetorical questions. The second one emphasizes that success or failure "all comes from people". This kind of questioning is both thought-provoking and contains conclusions in doubts. Then, I quoted the words in Shangshu to answer, and then derived the truth that "worry and fatigue can rejuvenate the country, and leisure can die." This summarizes Zhuang Zong's "success or failure", points out the reasons why Zhuang Zong won the world and lost it, and shows that "prosperity" and "decline" are different times, and the origin lies in "personnel", which is the conclusion obtained from the argument put forward at the beginning and reveals the connotation of the so-called "personnel".
The third part (the fourth paragraph) further discusses, draws lessons and summarizes the full text.
At the beginning of the second part, the argument has been proved, and it seems that it can be ended, but the author further discusses it. Taking the word "reason" as a continuation, this paper comments on the rise and fall of Zhuang Zong again, and with two diametrically opposite results, namely "you can't compete with it" and "you die and die, and you laugh for the whole world", which leads to the lesson that "your husband's misfortune often accumulates in a small way, while your wisdom and courage are trapped in drowning, so you can't be alone", and draws a conclusion with more general significance, emphasizing that it is not just to spoil the actor who can make people escape and die. Here, the author implicitly criticizes the state affairs and satirizes the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty not to forget the historical lessons, which is very meaningful. This makes things more realistic and more universal. Appreciating the preface of Lingguan biography
In the early Northern Song Dynasty, Xue Juzheng wrote The History of the Five Dynasties (The Old History of the Five Dynasties), and thought that the change of dynasties was caused by destiny, but Ouyang Xiu didn't agree. He wrote a 74-volume History of the Five Dynasties (New History of the Five Dynasties) by himself, taking history as a mirror, in order to arouse the vigilance of the rulers of the Song Dynasty. After the publication of the New History of the Five Dynasties, Xue Shi was no longer valued by the world for a long time. Ouyang Xiufa likes to use "alas" in his comments. The author of Donggao Magazine said: "The God Sect asked Jing Gong (Wang Anshi)" Have you ever read the history of the Five Dynasties? The public said, "I didn't read it carefully, but when I saw that every article would start with a sigh, everything could be sighed." Yu weigong really didn't look carefully; If you look at it carefully, you will be right. "This just shows the intention of Ouyang Xiu to write this history book.