1. Specialized division of labor can improve labor proficiency, save labor conversion time and save training costs.

Because repeated operations can be good at a certain skill and reduce the number of job-hopping; Division of labor makes people specialize in one line, which can avoid repeated training costs.

2. Reduce the cost of labor supervision.

When the division of labor is high, the individual responsibility is clear, the work content is simple and easy to supervise, and the supervision cost is correspondingly low. On the contrary, the degree of division of labor is low, the labor content of individual workers is complex, the supervision difficulty is increased, and the supervision cost is rising.

Disadvantages of division of labor:

1, the adverse impact on the resilience of workers and enterprises.

A high degree of division of labor reduces workers' understanding of the relationship between the whole production process, and their ability to adapt and coordinate automatically declines. This has two disadvantages. One is the loss of working hours, and the other is the increase of management personnel. A high degree of division of labor affects individual adaptability, which will also lead to a decline in the overall adaptability of enterprises.

2. Adverse effects on labor relations.

A high degree of division of labor is likely to cause an unfavorable distribution relationship for middle and lower employees in enterprises. Whether an enterprise with the goal of maximizing profits is desirable depends on the external environment-market conditions.

The theory of division of labor was put forward by Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations.

He believes that the benefits of division of labor are mainly:

(1) Division of labor can enable workers to complete an operation repeatedly, thus improving labor proficiency and efficiency.

(2) Division of labor can reduce the time lost by changing jobs.

(3) Division of labor can simplify labor, make workers focus on a specific object, and help create new tools and improve equipment.

Extended data:

Division of Labor and Adam Smith and The Wealth of Nations

1776 In March, Adam Smith put forward the viewpoint of division of labor for the first time in The Wealth of Nations, and systematically and comprehensively expounded the great role of division of labor in improving labor productivity and enhancing national wealth.

Adam Smith first proposed the theory of division of labor, which played a very important role at that time. Because division of labor can improve efficiency, Henry Ford divided the production of a car into 8772 working hours in the early 20th century. The theory of division of labor has become the main mode to govern enterprise management.

The theory of division of labor has played a very important role in the development of management theory, and later theories such as professional division of labor, management function division of labor and social division of labor are all related to Smith's theory.

If a laborer has not received considerable training in this profession (the result of division of labor makes the manufacture of pins a special profession) and doesn't know how to use this professional machine (it is possible to make this machine invented, which is probably the result of division of labor), then even if he tries hard, he may not be able to make a pin in one day, but it is impossible to make twenty. However, according to the current management methods, not only this kind of operation has become a specialized occupation, but also this occupation is divided into several departments, and most of them have become specialized occupations. One pulls the wire, one straightens it, one cuts it, one sharpens one end of the wire, and the other grinds the other end to fit the round head. To make a round head, two or three different operations are needed. Dressing round heads, painting white and even packaging are all specialized occupations. In this way, the manufacturing of pins can be divided into eighteen operations. In some factories, 18 professional workers are responsible for this 18 operation. Of course, sometimes one person also serves as two or three. I have seen this kind of small factory, which only employs ten workers, so in this factory, several workers are engaged in two or three operations. Although the workers in a small factory like this are poor and the necessary machinery and equipment are rudimentary, they can earn twelve pounds a day if they work hard. There are 4,000 stitches per pound, and these ten workers can make 48,000 stitches a day, which means that one person can make 4,800 stitches a day. If they work independently and don't specialize in a special business, then no matter who they are, they will never be able to do twenty stitches a day, or even one stitch a day. Not only can they not produce 1% of the quantity produced by proper division of labor and cooperation today, but even 1% of this quantity may not be produced.

-The wealth of the country

Smith has a famous saying: "Please give me what I want, and at the same time, you can get what you want."

Smith believes that people pursue personal interests in economic activities precisely because everyone has egoism, so everyone's egoism is bound to be limited by others' egoism, which forces everyone to take care of the legitimate interests of others, thus generating social interests, which are based on personal interests.

This is the so-called "economic man" view, which later became the theoretical basis of the whole capitalist management. The management mode of "carrot and stick" is based on this theory.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Division of Labor

Baidu encyclopedia-Smith's theory of division of labor