The first step is to understand the material and grasp the main idea.

First of all, we must pay attention to the characteristics of the materials: for a single piece of material, we must grasp its main idea as a whole; for multiple pieces of material, we must clarify their similarities and differences to grasp the center; for metaphorical materials, we must understand its metaphorical meaning; it must contain philosophy For sexual allegorical materials, one must grasp their meaning. The so-called grasping the main idea (that is, the imaginative tendency and emotional tendency of the material),

The method is: first, we must grasp the key sentences or suggestive language in the material; second, we must pay attention to the comparison and classification of the material, and summarize the meaning of the layer. , comprehensively analyze the basic viewpoints of the materials; third, use correct viewpoints and make correct judgments on positive and negative materials.

For example:

Read the following materials and write an article of no less than 800 words as required.

The tortoise and the hare raced. Because the hare was proud, the tortoise unexpectedly won the race. After the butterfly knew this, he also wanted to compete with the turtle. The turtle thought about it and accepted the butterfly's challenge, but he made a request: "I can only crawl, and you can fly. Let's compete with 60 meters, 20 meters of diamond circles, 20 meters of rivers and 20 meters of flowers." "Butterfly agreed. When the competition started, the butterfly had already passed through the circle and flown across the river. But when she came to the flowers, she saw the beautiful flowers, smelled the sweetness of the nectar, and saw her beautiful companions. Seeing that the turtle didn't even get through the circle at this time, the butterfly was relieved. She was having more and more fun in the flowers and even forgot about the competition. Unexpectedly, the turtle had already passed through the circle, passed through the flowers, and quietly reached the end point.

For some people, it is difficult to drill through circles and cross rivers, but for some people, flowers are the most difficult thing to cross.

It is required to choose the correct angle, clarify the idea, choose the style of your own, and draft your own title; do not compose outside the scope of the content and meaning of the material, do not copy, and do not plagiarize

The content of this fable The connotation is very rich. To accurately grasp the meaning of the material, you can think from the following aspects:

1. Why the turtle won the race.

2. Why do butterflies hang out in flowers so much.

3. Relevant to real life, what do you mean by drilling through circles and crossing rivers? What are the flowers?

4． Why can butterflies fly through circles and rivers quickly, but cannot fly through flowers?

Guidance:

Based on this, we can formulate an idea: Our life should have a big goal and direction. The reason why the turtle can win the game is because he can always keep his big goal in mind. The reason why the butterfly gave up halfway is because it was unable to get rid of the temptation of something and lost its way.

When writing, you can think about it as a whole and explore the details. There is much to think about. Be sure to write down your personal understanding.

The second step is to clearly understand the composition requirements of the materials, grasp the gist of the materials, refine a correct theme (i.e., point of view), and establish the center (i.e., establish the argument).

For materials with a single theme, just create an idea based on the material, such as the second essay we encountered in the exam (the idea should start from "unity"). It contains rich materials and can be developed from multiple angles, that is, divergent thinking can be adopted in multiple directions (for example, the first composition can be started from the perspectives of "sharing" and "dedication" respectively). Generally speaking, a piece of material can be viewed from at least two angles: positive and negative. Materials with "one thing and many people" often have several viewing angles depending on how many "people" they have; materials with "one thing with many causes" often have several viewing angles; A "cause" often has several viewing angles. An event has several different viewing angles depending on its background and writing purpose. In this link, we can consider divergence from the following three directions: ① Horizontal divergence: that is, starting from the basic theme of the material to extend analogy and association, from here to there, compare and seek common ground, and see which things or phenomena have similar or related attributes , or what things or phenomena this principle can be extended to. ② Vertical divergence: that is, studying the social phenomena or facts represented in the materials, tracing from the outside to the inside, tracing the causes and consequences of the development and changes of things, and grasping the universal and profound truths they reflect. ③Reverse divergence: that is, starting from the right and going in the opposite direction, thinking from the opposite direction of things, and asking a few more questions about what would happen if this were not the case. After you have discovered the theme from the above angles, you need to choose the best angle and intention to write about it.

The third step is that some students wrote the essays in this exam into argumentative essays (we ridiculed such articles as "four unlike" articles), but it is not a bad idea to write an argumentative essay. Our last issue The textbook has selected a lot of argumentative essays, but you need to master some methods------using materials to incorporate the text reasonably, and quoting the argumentative couplet structure and thinking piece (organized based on the speech of Team Leader Cao). ① "Introduction", analyze the material, put forward the viewpoint or central argument. ② "Discuss", connect the previous and the following, and start the discussion (first write a transitional paragraph or transitional sentence, and then write the main thesis). Generally speaking, you should first discuss the central argument in a positive way and reveal the positive truth, and then use positive examples to demonstrate "Why is this so and what are the benefits." After that, it is best to use negative examples to demonstrate "Why can't this be like this" and give negative examples. Argument. ③ "Connect", connect with reality and deepen the center (mainly social or personal reality, select typical materials from life to further demonstrate the central argument). ④ "End", summarizing, responding, and solving problems (it can refer to the material or beginning, starting from the topic function or summarizing, sublimating, issuing instructions, etc.).

This formula can be used, but it must not be turned into a new eight-part essay. Material composition is a form of composition that analyzes and refines the materials based on the given materials to arrive at certain views and opinions. It has the limitations of proposition composition and the freedom of self-composed composition; it can not only test students' ability to compose according to requirements, but also provides students with a broad space to fully display their writing ability. Due to the flexibility, richness, and advancement of the times in material composition, this type of composition proposition form is favored by proposition composition teachers.

Looking at the composition questions of high school entrance examinations across the country in recent years, material composition is indispensable.

The first essay we encountered in the exam was the second of the two selected essays for the 2009 High School Entrance Examination in Henan Province

What are the sources and forms of materials provided in the material essay? There are various kinds, such as fables, historical facts, poems, cartoons, famous quotes, recent events, news published in newspapers and so on. These materials are sometimes a single material and sometimes a group of materials. Material composition covers a wide range of content. According to the requirements of the topic, it can be written in various styles such as narrative, explanation, argumentation, etc. Some even require writing a review of an article, and some require writing an argumentative essay based on the material from a self-selected perspective. Some require you to write an explanatory text based on pictures and tables, while others require you to start with the provided materials, or expand or abbreviate them based on the materials.

3. Writing good materials and the purpose of the composition are also key, and the purpose of the composition review must be accurate. Since the material itself is loose and not compact, its meaning is understood by the reader himself, resulting in diversity of understanding. This kind of diversity is allowed as long as it conforms to the subject of the material and the intention of the proposer. But the problem is that many candidates cannot accurately grasp the information conveyed by the materials. In order to accurately grasp the topic, the materials must be refined and integrated, that is, the most common and essential things in the materials must be extracted, and cannot be judged at will or pasted on subjective ideas. The themes and intentions of general materials are relatively easy to distinguish, but the themes and intentions of allegorical materials are not so easy to distinguish, because their themes and intentions are implicit and not exposed. Only by understanding and analyzing them at a deeper level Only by understanding the meaning can we correctly grasp the theme and intention. Many students titled their essays for this exam "Sharing" and "Unity is Strength." The topics were too big and too bland. When I was marking the papers, I couldn't find the center of your essay or the highlights. How can I avoid this situation? ?

Reading the material carefully and thoroughly understanding the material is a key step in writing a good composition based on the material. If you do not accurately grasp the main theme of the material, you will write a composition that is off-topic or off-topic. There are several ways to grasp the gist of the article.

1. Pay attention to the title of the material. The title of some articles is the topic of the article.

2. Pay attention to the beginning and end of the material. Some articles highlight the center of the article at the beginning or end, especially the end of the article.

3. Pay attention to the lyrical and argumentative sentences in the material. The question writer often uses lyrical and argumentative sentences to point out the center of the article. .

4. Pay attention to the requirements or prompts behind the materials. For example: a material composition follows the original text, and it puts forward such a request, "We are very inspired after reading the material. Please write your own essay on one of the aspects (such as success and failure, temptation, opportunity------) Topic, choose your own style, write an article, no less than 600 words. "After reading the material carefully and looking at the prompts, it is not difficult to find that the three meanings in the material are "success and failure", "temptation" and "opportunity". range, you can write a composition based on one of the aspects.

At the same time, we must grasp the review ideas for material composition. Reviewing questions is the key to determining the success or failure of the essay exam. Since there is little time for writing essays in the high school entrance examination, it is impossible to spend too much time reviewing the questions. Therefore, you must concentrate on materials with more complex text expressions and grasp the review as soon as possible. What idea should you choose? What expression methods should you focus on? How to embody the idea of ??the article? Wait, the reason for this is because the composition materials can often be written from different angles, determine different intentions, choose different writing methods, and seek different ideas. Secondly, you should also pay attention to other requirements of the title. There is often a reminder in essay questions that "except poetry, there are no restrictions on genres." To understand this, we must pay attention to two points: First, the so-called "no restrictions" generally means that there is more room for choice of genres when conceiving, but once selected, When a certain style of writing enters the specific writing process, it should follow the basic pattern of a certain style of writing, and cannot write an article that is "unlike" in that an argumentative essay is not like an argumentative essay, and a narrative essay is not like a narrative essay. Finally, read carefully and grasp the gist of the composition. Some students scored very high in the composition exam, while others scored very low. Why did they score low? You will know after reading my explanation below:

4. The "four taboos" in writing material compositions.

1. Avoid throwing away the materials and "starting over again." Although material composition and topic composition both have materials, they handle the materials differently. The topic composition emphasizes relevance, and the materials are available or not; the materials provided in the material composition are the basis for writing, including the main purpose of the article, and the materials must appear in the article. Many candidates are accustomed to writing topic essays, which leads them to neglect the materials in material essays, so that they "start from scratch". For example, some students proposed the title "Rebellion also needs track", which was simply confusing. How could they get high marks?

2. Avoid not writing according to instructions.

Material composition test questions generally include two parts, one part is the material, and the other part is the writing requirements. Writing requirements may appear as prompts, or additionally list "requirements" or "notes." When reviewing questions, you must not only understand the material thoroughly, but also clearly see the specific requirements for writing and write according to the instructions of the test questions. Don't fail to see the requirements, or fail to see the requirements clearly, that is, you will write a thousand words but be thousands of miles away from the topic.

3. Avoid inaccurate refining of opinions. The gist of the material composition is derived from the material. If the candidates' opinions extracted when reading the material deviate from the connotation of the material, it will directly lead to the failure of the composition, that is, "How can the hair be attached if there is no skin left?" ".

4. Avoid ignoring key sentences in the material. As a material composition, each material has key sentences, but some are not obvious. Key sentences play a role in a paragraph, either as a finishing touch or as an outline. Some candidates overemphasize the main theme of the whole material and ignore the key sentences, making it difficult to write outstanding articles. First, it is necessary to clarify the difference between material composition and topic composition. The difference between material composition and topic composition is that topic composition only provides a topic, while materials only lead to the topic and have nothing to do with writing. Material composition provides certain materials. Such as a poem, a fable, one or several allusions, a story, a few famous sayings, one or several paintings, which are an introduction to a certain phenomenon in real life, an overview of a certain view of society, a specific situation The design, etc. are required to be based on the materials provided and written according to the topic requirements and prescribed ideas.

The last thing I want to say is that some of our students, in order to grab time during the exam, wrote in a hurry without thinking carefully about the materials; they even misinterpreted the materials provided, and the result was naturally " Haste makes waste”, which inevitably leaves regrets.

During the exam, some students scored very low in their essays and even wanted to ask me for some theory. I think you don’t need to worry. Take a look at some of the problems I found in this exam and you will understand why your score is lower:

1. Some students have not experienced the process of writing the essay. Deep Thought has gone off topic.

“The success or failure of an article depends on its intention.” Going off topic is the most serious “flaw” in exam writing. There are two common mistakes in topic review. One is to completely abandon the topic (topic, material) and start over from scratch, resulting in digression; the other is to stray from the topic in order to be new and different. When reviewing the topic, we must grasp the "three meanings". The first is to understand the literal meaning: accurately understanding the literal meaning (especially the key words) of the topic (topic, material) is the first step to understand the topic; material composition and topic composition, the topic generally has more words, which is more important. It needs to be read carefully, understood correctly, and fully grasped. The second is to understand the extended meaning thoroughly: the extended meaning is contained in the question, and candidates need to have a certain level of understanding and analytical ability to perceive it; the extended meaning of the question also includes its metaphorical and symbolic meanings. The third is to understand the meaning of the prompts: some questions are accompanied by prompts. The prompts are a hint from the questioner to the candidates. They are steps for the candidates to review the questions and open up their ideas. Regardless of the length of the prompts, candidates must pay high attention and carefully. Read, carefully ponder, and actively gain inspiration for writing. After reviewing the meaning of the question, candidates must also learn to constantly mention and point out questions in their writing, so as to "look back three times in one step" and "look back and smile."

2. There is no distinction between individual students’ styles

Material composition generally requires the “three self’s”—self-selected angle, self-selected style, and self-written title. The openness of style and style creates conditions for candidates to make use of their strengths and avoid weaknesses, and students can give full play to their own strengths. However, many students mistakenly believe that "downplaying style" means not using style, resulting in articles they write that are nondescript: writing argumentative essays, unlike argumentative essays, does not know how to ask questions, analyze problems, and solve problems; write narrative essays about people, places, things, The explanation of time and things is unclear; when writing prose, the clues are not clear, and the form and spirit are scattered. If you cut off the beginning and end, there will be nothing left. In this way, the "four unlike" compositions that are neither donkey nor horse can only be written in the third category or below. At the same time, don’t rush into writing poetry. It is recommended that candidates use my strengths according to their own preferences.

3. The title is plain

The title is the eye of the article. A good title can often give you a head start. In exams, in principle, certain points will be deducted for essays without titles. In fact, an essay without a title is not a complete article. It will affect the expression of the theme. The marking teacher will think that you are missing the most basic things, which will create a psychological distance, which will unknowingly add to the content. If the deduction is too large, the candidate may lose more points. It is recommended that you usually develop the habit of writing the title first and then the body text, and the title should be written in the middle. At the same time, you should read the article carefully after writing it. This is also an effective way to avoid such "flaws".

4. Some students’ compositions have a very long sequence at the beginning, a very long ending, and even a postscript.

This kind of "flaw" manifests itself in the fact that it deviates from the basic requirements of "crested leopard tail". The beginning is slow and the main idea cannot be pointed out for a long time; the ending is protracted and lengthy, making unnecessary groans. Both the beginning and the end should be concise. Generally speaking, each part should not exceed one-tenth of the total word count of the article in order to fully protect the richness of the "pork belly". It is recommended that the article should be straight to the point at the beginning, not spreading or branching. In Liu Xie's words, it is "the first song of glory", and borrowing a common saying is "invite the Buddha to come".

The ending may be the finishing touch and wrap up the whole text; it may echo the beginning and have a rigorous structure; it may quote poems and sublimate it; it may be lyrical and freehand, with endless aftertaste; or it may ask rhetorical questions to enlighten people's minds.

5. The cited examples or verses are inaccurate

During the marking process, some students acted arrogantly and made people laugh. Suggestions: First, strengthen daily accumulation and try to avoid making common sense mistakes; second, try to avoid things like "I have seen such a story on TV or heard such a story before or it was the third grade of elementary school." "It's about..." and other large quotations; thirdly, if the quoted poems and phrases are unclear, candidates can paraphrase them. Even if they make mistakes, they will definitely be forgiven by the marking teacher.

6. Some students use extreme words and criticize indiscriminately

In adolescence, you are prone to be impulsive, have extreme thoughts, say "excessive words", and have an arbitrary tone. When writing an essay for an exam, it is recommended that you write with a peaceful and dialectical mentality. In this way, what you write will appear grand and calm, and the teacher will feel comfortable after reading it. Be sure to avoid sword moves. Slanted, extreme views. That will make your composition look childish and ridiculous.

7. The test paper is messy

The test paper is your "meeting gift" to the marking teacher. Some students have developed the bad habit of sloppy scribbling, and their composition pages are always dirty and unsightly: some are scrawled and difficult to read; some are scrawled and scrawled beyond recognition. Judging from the actual situation of grading, compositions that are standardized, correct, beautiful, and neat on the paper will win the favor of the grading teacher from the beginning, and the grading teacher will not care about some non-principled issues. On the contrary, although the article has a clear point of view, vivid plot, fluent language, and beautiful writing style, it is difficult to read, and the points deducted in the end are by no means the prescribed writing points. In addition, do not use multi-colored pens when composing, the fonts should not be too large or too small, and punctuation marks should occupy spaces.

8. The word count should not be abnormal

The so-called word count is abnormal, which means that the number of words is too few or too many. Some students can't stop writing when writing. They write thousands of words in such a eloquent manner that they can't fit in the squares and the margins are full, giving people a feeling of being bloated and complicated. The way to solve this problem is to make full use of the space provided in the test paper, and do not write too much or too little.

9. Some students think that the teacher will give points as long as they write, so that there is very little time left to rush to write the essay.

For Chinese language exams, sometimes candidates are nervous because of mental stress. Reasonable arrangements of time are often neglected, resulting in "half of" the composition being left unfinished and becoming "remnants".

It is recommended that you complete your composition on time in normal times, and strictly control your composition in the mock examination room to be completed within 40 minutes