the first day is not as good as the second place, and the third place is not as good as people.
the city of three miles is 4, the country of seven miles is 5, and the ring is 6, but it is invincible to attack 7 and 8. If you attack with 9 rings and 1, you will have 11 days, but if you don't win, 12 days is not as good as 13 days.
the city is neither high nor deep, the pool is neither high nor deep, the army is neither strong nor profitable, and the millet is neither too much nor too much, so it is inferior to people and peace.
therefore, on the 25th, the people in the territory do not take advantage of the frontier of 27, the country of 29, the country of 3, the danger of 31 mountains and streams, and the world of 33, 34 soldiers and 35 soldiers. Those who have gained the Tao are given more help, while those who have lost the Tao are given less help. Little help to 39, relatives to 4. Help it 41 to 42, and the world will follow 43. Taking 45 of the 44 countries as the basis, attacking the side of relatives 46, so 47 gentlemen have 48 who don't fight, and 49 who win the war. [2-3]
Annotation Translation
Editing
Notes on words
1. Weather: refers to the natural climatic conditions conducive to combat.
2. geographical advantage: refers to the geographical advantage that is conducive to combat.
3. Harmony between people: refers to the people's return and unity from top to bottom.
4. Sanli City: the inner city of Sanli in Fiona Fang. City: inner city.
5. Guo: Out of town. A wall built outside the city.
6. huán: Surrounding.
7. One: replacing this city
8. And: turning point of conjunctions.
9. husband: the first word of the sentence is not translated.
1. And: the conjunctions are progressive.
11. Timing: refers to the natural climatic conditions that are favorable for attacking and fighting.
12. Yes, it is.
13. also: indicating the tone of judgment, "yes".
14. The city is not high: the city walls are not high. No: no.
15. Pool: moat.
16. Bingge: generally refers to weapons and equipment. Soldiers, weapons; Leather, armor, armor for protection and so on.
17. Jianli: Strong and excellent. Pro: Excellent.
18. millet (Si): grain.
19. Duo: Sufficient.
2. Committee: abandon.
21. and: then
22. go: leave.
23. Zhi: pronoun, instead of "city".
24. yes: pronoun, which
25. therefore: so.
26. domain: used as a verb here, it means to limit.
27. With:
28. Frontier boundary: the demarcated frontier boundary. Seal, delimit. Frontier defense: border, border.
29. consolidation: consolidation.
3. country: national defense.
31. Mountain streams: mountains and rivers.
32. Risk: a dangerous geographical environment.
33. Wei: Wei fu.
34. rely on.
35. Bingge: It means "weapons and armor" and is a metaphor for "force and military".
36. enlightened person: the monarch who practices "benevolent government". Who, what person, here refers to the monarch. Tao, justice. The same below.
37. deviant: a monarch who does not practice "benevolent government".
38. few: few.
39. Zhizhi: Reach the extreme.
4. Pan: Pass "rebellion" and betray.
41. Zhi: It means "arrive, arrive".
42. to: it means "pole".
43. obedience: submission and obedience.
44. With:
45. one: the independence of sentences is abolished between subject and predicate.
46. Relatives: internal and external relatives, including paternal relatives and maternal relatives.
47. therefore:
48. Yes: either, or.
49. win: win. [3] [4]
Vernacular translation
The weather conditions that are conducive to combat are not comparable to the geographical situation that is conducive to combat, and the geographical situation that is conducive to combat is not comparable to the will of the people and internal unity in combat. The inner city of Fiona Fang Sanli and the outer city of Fiona Fang Qili are surrounded and attacked, but they cannot win. Surrounding and attacking it, you must get the weather season (conducive to combat), but you can't win, because the weather conditions (conducive to combat) are not as good as the geographical situation (conducive to combat). The city walls are not high, the moat is not deep, the weapons and equipment are not sharp, and the food is not insufficient. However, the defenders abandon the city and flee, because the geographical situation (conducive to combat) is not as good as the people's will and unity in combat. Therefore, to make the people settle down instead of moving to other places, we can't rely on drawing the boundaries of the territory, consolidating national defense can't rely on the dangers of mountains and rivers, and deterring the world can't rely on the strength of weapons and equipment. Those who practice benevolent policies will have more people to help and support him, while those who do not practice benevolent policies will have fewer people to help and support him. There are so few people who help him that relatives inside and outside will betray him. Many people helped him to the extreme, and everyone in the world surrendered to him. With the condition that all the people in the world submit to him, attack those whose relatives at home and abroad betray him, so a gentleman will win if he doesn't fight.
Creation background
Editor
It is selected from The Ugly Xia of Mencius. Mencius was born in the noble state of Lu, and his ancestor was Meng Sun, who was in the late stage of Lu. But when Mencius was born, his family had declined. The chaos in the late Spring and Autumn Period made their family gradually decline and was forced to move from Shandong to Zou. After that, things were difficult, and Mencius had to "rent a house and live" when he was young. The situation of Mencius' parents is now impossible to test. All that has been handed down is that Mencius lost his father in his childhood and lived with his mother. For the sake of Mencius' study, Meng Mu chose his neighbor and lived three times, but he was angry and broke the machine. From the age of 4, Mencius began to get in touch with politicians from all over the world and traveled among vassal States to publicize his ideas and political opinions. Mencius inherited Confucius' thought of "benevolence" and advocated "people-oriented". "People are more important, the country is second, and the monarch is lighter." Mencius opposed the war of annexation. He thought the war was too cruel and advocated "benevolent government" to unify the world. The theoretical basis of Mencius' theory of "benevolent government" is "the theory of good nature" Mencius said, "Everyone has a hidden heart." He believes that goodness is a unique nature of human beings, and it is also a fundamental symbol that distinguishes human beings from animals.