Storage is generally divided into cellar storage and tank storage.
"During the article. The cultural relic Pueraria lobata (1970 10) unearthed in an, Shaanxi Province. At that time, workers dug up two "donkey mouth jars" and a big silver jar on the base of Anxinghua Square, the village head of Hejia in the southern suburbs of Xi. After opening it, I found that this jar contained more than a thousand precious items such as gold and silver, jade, gold coins, silver collars and silver cakes. Among them, as many as 265 gold and silver objects were buried in the Tang Dynasty.
1982 On the seventh day of the first month, there were 10,000 farmers in Mahudian Village, Xuyi, Jiangsu Province, and a batch of treasures were dug when digging canals. At that time, the ditches dug by the production team were all piece by piece, and the land divided by the farmer surnamed Wan was the most difficult to dig, but it was this place where no one wanted to dig, but dozens of pounds of gold treasures were dug up. The most valuable thing is a golden retriever, weighing more than 18 Jin, which is the heaviest golden retriever found in China at present. Beneath the golden beast is a beautiful copper pot. Open the lid, it's full of treasures, there are 9 half-golden cakes, 15 horseshoe gold. According to textual research, this treasure belonged to the Western Han Dynasty and was the kiln storage of the people at that time. Perhaps because of the war or family changes, his descendants failed to take out this treasure again.
Besides being buried underground, the ancient people in China often used storage methods such as "wall storage", "eaves storage" and "beam storage".
The so-called hidden wall is to make the wall into a sandwich and put valuables in it. The famous "Confucius Wall Heritage" in ancient literature was found in the walls of Confucius' descendants' homes. At that time, when Liu Che (Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty) became emperor, King Lu Gong expanded the palace and demolished the former residence of Confucius. He happened to find a number of ancient Chinese bamboo slips from the wall interlayer, including Xiao Jing, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Chunqiu and so on. These bamboo slips are also called "Confucian classics". It can be seen that the technique of "hiding the wall" was very popular in ancient times.
Hiding under the eaves and beams means hiding money under the eaves or hanging it on the beams. This kind of treasure-hiding psychology is also known to thieves, and thieves who break into houses are nicknamed "gentlemen on the beam", which is related to this. Since Liang can hide money, it is naturally a suitable place for thieves to hide, steal and steal treasures.
For sporadic storage, the ancient popular means is actually the same as today's "cornucopia" for children to save money: collect it with a piggy bank, and when it is full or necessary, break it out. This kind of piggy bank was called "piggy bank" in ancient times.
According to textual research, this treasure unearthed by a peasant with a surname of 10,000 belongs to the Western Han Dynasty, so it should not be a funerary object, because there are no tombs nearby. It should have been stored in the kiln of the people at that time, but later generations could not take out this treasure because of war or family changes.
The kiln has taken anti-theft measures.
Chen Cunren, a famous doctor in Shanghai in the Republic of China, recorded that 20 altars of silver were hidden in the kiln when the Chen family separated, and only 8 altars were dug up at first. Even if we expand the excavation area and dig around, we can't find it. Later, the experienced elders reminded me to dig deeper and try again, and sure enough, I dug up the 12 pot of silver buried in the lower layer.
It turns out that this is because the predecessors used anti-theft methods when hoarding treasures, that is, digging a deep treasure pit and burying it in jars full of treasures to confuse thieves. Moreover, the ancients paid great attention to the method of placing property, which was generally layered up and down. Put one layer first, then put another layer after burial, and then put it after burial, up to three or four layers. Slates and bricks are often stacked between layers, while the soil layer is tamped and sealed with juice and lime made of glutinous rice, sometimes mixed with gravel and tiles to increase the difficulty of theft. Even if it is stolen, thieves often only find the upper level. Coincidentally, this is also in line with the habit of the ancients to earn a little money, store a little, and bury the next layer. In addition, the pit is generally selected under the bedroom and kang (bed). Some people choose to stay in hospital. For example, in hospitals, they often do a series of disguises on the ground, such as building latrines, pigsty, toilet rooms and so on.
The ancients didn't have such a modern anti-theft safe, so when hiding in the kiln, they must try their best not to be found by thieves. The above-mentioned method of digging a deep and layered treasure pit is just one of them, and some "smart people" have come up with ways to hide money in dirty places such as dung piles and latrines. The treasure of the China National Museum-the bronze heavyweight "Queen Wuding" of Shang Dynasty was treated in a kiln, and the hiding place was under the Wujia cesspit.
There is also an extreme anti-theft method. Legend has it that a Shanxi businessman who made a fortune buried his treasure in the ground, put it in the wall and put it in the bank. He was uneasy, so he melted piles of silver into liquid and poured it into the floor at home. This technique is too unusual and unexpected, and thieves can't find it, but "domestic thieves" can't be prevented, and their descendants will quietly knock some money when they have no money.
The ancients "dug three feet" to sell houses.
The ancients hoarded property, but burriers did not make it public easily. After a few years, the house changed hands, and the new owner can often dig out the previous cellar when decorating or rebuilding. Therefore, when future generations encounter demolition, they often "dig three feet" and turn over the underground in front of the house. From the historical data of ancient real estate sales, we can really find the record of "digging money".
Shen Kuo's article "Get something for nothing" in Mengxi Bi Tan records a case of being asked to "dig for money" when buying a house. At that time, many rich families in Luoyang had the habit of digging gold. Later generations will think of this when selling houses, and intend to find buyers to "dig for money". When Zhang Guan, an official of the imperial court, bought a house, the seller repeatedly asked for "digging for money". Finally, Zhang Guan paid more than 65,438+0,000 yuan (the ancient unit of measurement, namely 1 0,000 yuan) before the seller delivered the house. At that time, people thought it was too bad for Zhang Guan to pay the money. Who would have thought that after Zhang Guan bought it, he dug up a large treasure. There are hundreds of taels of gold in a stone box dug out, which is exactly the full cost of buying a house in Zhang Guan.
It is also said that when Su Dongpo was young, he stayed in Jinshan Temple to study, and he didn't have three meals. He was so bored that he dug under the bed and found a big pot of silver. But he was not greedy, so he sealed it and buried it back. Later, when he won the Jinshi, he asked his family to dig it out as the cost of repairing the temple.
A large part of the savings of the ancients in China were "copper reserves"
Different from modern times, although China was the first country to invent and use paper money in the world, the main equivalent exchange used for a long time in ancient China was not paper money, nor gold and silver, but copper coins. Therefore, in fact, a large part of China ancient people's savings are "copper reserves".
Modern archaeology has found a lot of copper coins, some of which are hidden in kilns or even unearthed in tons, which shows how crazy the ancients were in saving. 1in the winter of 967, the money cellar was found during the maintenance project of Xisaishi on the Yangtze River levee in Huangshi City, Hubei Province. Finally, the total weight of this batch of copper coins is 220 thousand Jin. Among the copper coins, the earliest is the "half Liang" copper coin in the Western Han Dynasty, and the latest is the "Chunyou Yuanbao" in the Southern Song Dynasty. Presumably buried in the Southern Song Dynasty.
198 1 year 10 In Youxian County, Hunan Province, a farmer surnamed Yi dug an ancient copper coin cellar while digging mud next to his house. The excavated ancient copper coins were loaded into five cars, weighing more than 30 thousand kilograms. The unearthed copper coins are also widely divided into stages, ranging from the "five baht" copper coins of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to the "Kaiyuan Bao Tong" of Tang Gaozu, the "virtuous" copper coins of the later Zhou Dynasty and the "Jianying Bao Tong" of Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty, with more than 30 kinds. Finally, it is speculated that these copper coins should also be buried with the Southern Song Dynasty.
Due to the large-scale development of urban real estate, such archaeological discoveries have become more and more in recent ten years. At the end of 20 10, more than 4,000 kilograms of copper coins were found in a construction site in Hangzhou. Money is packed in a big suitcase with a length of 1.5 meters. It was rotten when it was found, presumably buried in the Ming Dynasty. Almost at the same time, a money cellar was also found on a construction site in front of Xianlin Middle School in hua county, Shaanxi Province, and tens of thousands of kilograms of ancient copper coins were unearthed.
In addition to copper coins, a large number of iron coins have been found in archaeology. 1July, 997, nearly 65,438+10,000 kilograms of iron coins were dug up in Cangzhou, Hebei Province. In July 2006, more than 60,000 kilograms of iron coins were found in a construction site in Dongying New District, Shandong Province. These iron coins are all coins of the Song Dynasty, and the number of coins unearthed is amazing. The owners of these coins can also be called billionaires today.
Unprecedented discovery of gold and silver wares in Tang Dynasty
1970 10, a Tang dynasty cellar was found in Xinghua Square, Chang 'an City, hejia village, in the southern suburbs of Xi 'an, Shaanxi. In two giant urns with a height of 65 cm and a big silver jar with a diameter of 25 cm and a height of 30 cm, gold and silver vessels, jade articles, precious stones, stone ornaments, gold and silver coins, silver collars, silver cakes and medicinal materials are stored. Among them, there are 265 gold and silver wares, which are unprecedented discoveries in the Tang Dynasty.
Among the unearthed cultural relics, three were designated as national treasures of China, and dozens were designated as national first-class cultural relics of China. These include the well-known orphans in the sea, the agate cup of the animal head, the imitation leather silver pot, the golden bowl of Yuanyang lotus petals, the parrot-patterned silver jar and other national first-class cultural relics.
Guo Moruo verified in "Two or Three Unearthed Cultural Relics" that these cultural relics were "hoarded by the descendants of King Li Shouli of Thailand when he fled to Sichuan in June, the 15th year of Tianbao of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 756)". He believes that these hoarded cultural relics are the property of Taigong, which may have been hastily buried during the "An Shi Rebellion" and later failed to be dug up, so they were preserved in modern times. Scholars from Shaanxi History Museum and Peking University have confirmed that the owner of hejia village cellar is Serina Liu, the tenant of Shangshu in Tang Dynasty. The burial time of the cellar should be the Jingyuan mutiny in 783, the fourth year of the founding of Tang Dezong, and it was also preserved to modern times because of the mutiny.