After reading a book, I believe you will gain a lot. It is important to record it. Let’s write a review together. So how do you write a good review? The following is my carefully compiled review of the Analects of Confucius Sitting Chapter. Welcome to read and collect it. Thoughts after reading the Chapter of Sitting in the Analects of Confucius Chapter 1
The "Chapter of Sitting in the Analects" in "The Analects of Confucius" should refer to the last paragraph of the "Advance" chapter, right? This is a relatively long paragraph in "The Analects", but the sentiment is only one sentence - where can we find such a teacher-student relationship nowadays?
Here is an excerpt of this passage for everyone to taste carefully and see if you feel the same way.
——Zi Lu, Zeng Xi, Ran You, and Gong Xihua were sitting together. Zi Lu said, "I think one day will last a long time, but I don't think so." Ju Ze said, "I don't know." You know, then why?” Zilu led you and said to him: “A country of thousands of chariots is captured among the big countries, and they are combined with armies to cause famine. If you wait for three years, you will be brave. , and you know the prescription." The master said, "How can you do it?" He said, "It's sixty or seventy, like fifty or sixty. I'll do it in three years, and it will satisfy the people." "As a gentleman." "Chi, what's the matter with you?" He said to me, "If I can't do it, I'd like to learn from it. As for the affairs of the ancestral temple, Duan Zhangfu, I'd like to be the junior minister." "Dian, what's the matter with you?" "The sound of the drum is very good, and the sound of the sound is different." Confucius said, "What's wrong?" He said, "In late spring, the spring clothes are ready." There were five or six crown princes and six or seven boys, who were bathing in Yi, singing and singing in the wind. "The master sighed and said, "I am with you." The third son came out, and Zeng Xi said: "Master, what are the words of the three sons?" The Master said, "Each of you has stated his ambition." He said, "Master, what are you saying?" He said, "Serve the country with propriety. They don't give in, that's why they say something." "It's not a state if it's just seeking." "It's not a state if it's sixty or sixty." "It's not a state if it's only red." "What's wrong with the ancestral temple?" Even if it is small, how can it be great?"
The chapter "Sitting at the Sitting" is an example of Confucius' "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude". "The Analects" is an article about Confucius discussing his ambitions with his students. The account is rich in literary talent. Although it is a quotation-style prose, it has a complete organizational structure. It is a typical short story that depicts characters. Please divide and summarize the paragraphs of the article. Reference: The first paragraph (beginning with "Why") is about Confucius asking his students about their aspirations. The second paragraph (Zilu Shuer, Wu and Dianye) writes the respective annals of Zilu, Ran You, Gong Xihua, and Zeng Xi and the attitude of Confucius. The third paragraph (out of three sons, which one can be the greatest) is written about Confucius's commentary. Analysis: First of all, Confucius had a humble attitude and was good at patiently inspiring and creating a relaxed and harmonious conversation atmosphere; then his students talked about their own ambitions respectively; finally, he affirmed everyone's ambitions, but also pointed out their shortcomings, showing his simple dialectical thinking.
Key points of understanding
(1) Based on reading, use your own language to explain what is the main purpose of the article? Reference: Through the conversation between Confucius and four students, with "statement of ambition" as the central clue, the students' interests and personalities are written, and Confucius' thoughts and attitudes are expressed. Analysis: Through the conversation between Confucius and four students, with "statement of ambition" as the central clue, the students' interests and personalities are written, and Confucius' thoughts and attitudes are expressed.
(2) Why did Confucius want to "conquer" Zilu? How should we understand Zilu’s “not giving in”? Reference: "Confucius scolded him" shows that Confucius was somewhat dissatisfied with Zilu's speech, and the reason was because Zilu "would not give in". Analysis: "哂" means "laughing" or "ridiculing". Confucius was dissatisfied with Zilu's speech because "he refused to give in." The so-called "not giving in" can roughly have two meanings. That is: speaking big words is not false. From the relevant records in The Analects of Confucius, we can see that Zilu was upright, frank, and outspoken. His frankness and frankness sometimes made even the teachers he respected unable to step down. Therefore, it is unreasonable for Confucius to "dislike" Zilu, and there may be some prejudices. The evaluation of Zilu should be based on facts.
(3) What thoughts does Confucius express in his comments on students’ ambitions? Reference: "Serving the country with propriety" is the basic view of Confucius. At the same time, we can also experience the positive and enterprising spirit of Confucian politics of "doing something". Analysis: Confucius expressed dissatisfaction with Zilu's talk about his mind. Confucius regarded "ritual" as the fundamental standard for governing the country. Although Zilu was a figure with political talent among Confucius, in Confucius' view, if one does not abide by etiquette and justice, even if he has political talent, he cannot govern the country. Confucius affirmed Ran You and Gong Xihua because they both put courtesy first.
(4) What kind of social picture does Zeng Xi’s narrative reveal? Reference: It shows a picture of a society governed by etiquette that he pursues. Analysis: Zeng Xi wants to be a teacher to educate students on etiquette and music. In late spring, I would "bathe the body and bathe in virtue" with the students, then play on the dance platform to miss the common people, and then sing songs on the way home to cultivate their temperament, thereby cultivating young people's beautiful sentiments and noble aspirations. This is the picture of a society governed by etiquette that he pursues.
(5) What kind of thoughts of Confucius are reflected in Confucius’ comments on Zilu? Reference: It reflects Confucius' emphasis on moral cultivation. Analysis: Confucius affirmed Zilu's intention to govern the country with propriety, but criticized Zilu's lack of humility in his speech. It can be seen that it has strict requirements for moral cultivation, civility and courtesy. After-reading the Analects of Confucius Sitting Chapter 2
Zilu, Zeng Xi, Ran You (surname Ran, name Qiu), Gong Xihua and Confucius were resting and chatting in the pavilion. Confucius said: "I am older than you, although I am older than you. When we go out, we treat each other as master and disciple, but that is to show that we are united and have a core, and to make the king think that we are noble and special. Normally, we are still brothers, each with our own strengths and helping each other. I know that you all have your own opinions. I always say, no one understands you. If I understand you, tell me what you are capable of and what you are going to do."
As soon as Zilu heard about his strengths, he came immediately. Got the spirit. He was only nine years younger than Confucius. If Confucius was the dean, then he was the dean. Although he would call Confucius his master when he went out, he was the one who least regarded Confucius as his master among his disciples. At this time, he said: "A country with thousands of chariots is located between big countries, invaded by enemy countries on the outside, and famine is on the inside. If you let me govern this country, I can make it have strong troops and horses in three years, and be able to defend against enemies externally. Confucius laughed at him and said, "You can only protect the country and protect the territory. You are still far from what we are doing. In the eyes of Yao and Shun, there is internal famine." And the concept of external enemies? This is why I am a master and you are a disciple when you are away from home."
Zi Lu just wanted to refute, you are asking about ability, not about the world's plans. Among this group of people, I am. His specialty is defending his family and country. Is this wrong? But there is no need to say it, because Confucius is right and everyone is reasoning. To refute like this is to be crazy, and to be crazy is to be ignorant of praise. Confucius actually didn't dislike Zilu's character, because wise men always try their best to show their shortcomings and use the strength of others to reflect on them, but they must remember to change them. Not only that, you still have to dig out and correct the more subtle conflicts in your heart. Confucius immediately said: "Ran You, please tell me your ideal."
Ran You also wanted to show that all he could do was to be the prime minister of a big country. This was his ideal. , but after learning Zilu’s lesson, he modestly said: “In a country with a radius of seventy miles or fifty or sixty miles, let me be the prime minister for internal economic management and foreign trade affairs. After three years, I can make the people live a prosperous life. As for Let’s wait for other sages to do the teaching of rituals and music.”
“Gong Xihua, how are you doing?” Confucius asked.
Gong Xihua is a discipline person. He is the head of the college's sacrificial department. At this time, he said: "You can't say that I can discipline things. I am just willing to learn more and make more progress." , and try to do something in this area. I am willing to do administrative work in this area such as worshiping in ancestral temples and wearing a hat. As for high-level theoretical work such as historical analysis and etiquette deliberation, it is up to you. Stronger.
"
Gong Xihua knew that he had to rely on Confucius to do this, and he didn't bother to argue with them. He was quite looking forward to Confucius giving him more advice. However, Confucius didn't say much. Asked: "Zeng Xi, what about you? "
Zeng Xi listened to them talking, still plucking the strings in his hand. At this time, he didn't know how to answer. He didn't know whether he was really talking about his expertise or his philosophy. So he slowly stopped his hand, After a pause, he made up his mind, stood up and left his seat, saying: "My ideals are different from those of the three others.
Confucius said: "What's the big deal?" It’s just that everyone talks about their own ideas. What is your ideal? "
Zeng Xi said: "When the spring flowers are blooming and it is not summer, I am wearing spring clothes, with thirty older brothers and forty-two younger brothers from our college, in Bathing in the Yi River, blowing in the wind on the dance platform, and singing songs home, this is my ultimate ideal. "
Confucius sighed: "My ideals are the same as Zeng Xi's! Alas, but the saint's heart is concerned about the world and he is very busy. ‘The people are in a hurry and I am in a hurry, and everyone is worried about me. How can folk music reflect a pure heart, and drinking and raining all night long does not bring sorrow?' "
When a few people went out, Zeng Xi followed Confucius and wanted to ask for advice alone. He said, "What do the three of them say? Is there anything more specific? "
Confucius said: "It's just about talking about our ambitions. "
Zeng Xi asked: "Then why did you laugh at Zilu? "
Confucius said: "The country should be governed with ritual and music education, which is based on the people. He only talked about his specialties, but did not show his fundamental people-oriented philosophy. Even if he had the heart, he should not be so uncompromising, so he should be laughed at. A wise man reduces complexity to simplicity, and does a great deal to achieve great results; a benevolent person sees the big from the small, and achieves great results from a small approach. A benevolent person sees what others cannot see, is afraid to advance like a fool, and acts as if there is no basis. If you do things like this, you may not succeed in the end. ”
“Isn’t that what Ran You said is a way to build a country? Why don't you mention more? ”
“Isn’t a small country considered a big country? He's right. However, the governance of small countries seeks regulation and justification, but it seems that there is no governance. The governance of a great country looks for clans and unity, but it seems to be inaction. The sage follows nature and governs without doing anything, so that the people can govern themselves. Ran You is an ambitious man. He can do what he said. That is really the way to govern a small country. A wise man cultivates his abilities and a benevolent man cultivates his heart. When governing a big country, the prime minister must also be virtuous. He has been careful with his words. Reflects virtue. Although the governance method is that of a small country, it is enough that the prime minister has such responsibilities. There is nothing more to say. It is the monarch who should seek ancestry and harmony. If you govern a big country, it is not that way. To govern a big country not only requires greater virtue, but also requires the study of some other theories. These theories are not perfect for a while, so I will not talk about it. ”
“Then Gong Xihua’s theory of enlightenment cannot govern the country? ”
“Education is already the biggest and most difficult job. It has a huge effect and seems simple, but it is still infinitely difficult to do better. If Gong Xihua is doing small administrative matters, what other big things are there? Throughout the ages, the integration of politics and religion has been a tradition, and education plays an invisible role. From the perspective of administrative education alone, the best education is when the people are aware of its goodness in times of governance. In times of chaos, even if the people criticize it, they cannot see its true colors. Even if Gong Xihua has the ability to create and teach, can he use his talents in today's world? ”
After saying that, Confucius sighed and left.