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Tao Xingzhi, a native of Shexian County, Anhui Province, is a Chinese people's educator and thinker, a great democratic fighter, a patriot, and one of the main leaders of the Chinese People's Salvation Association and the China Democratic League.
Tao Xingzhi was born in a poor peasant family in She County, Anhui Province on October 18, 1891. He was smart and studious since he was a child, and he attended school for free. In 1906, he entered Chongyi Academy, a church school in this county, and studied for free.
I completed three years of study in two years. When he was 17 years old, he borrowed money to go to Hangzhou and was admitted to Guangji Medical College. He later dropped out of school because he was dissatisfied with the school's discrimination against students who did not believe in religion. At the age of 19, he was admitted to the Literature Department of Nanjing Jinling University and graduated with first place.
After graduation, he borrowed money to travel across the ocean to study in the United States. He first studied municipal administration at the University of Illinois and received a master's degree in political science. Later, he felt that municipal administration was not for the purpose of becoming an official, so he resolutely entered Columbia University Teachers College to study education, hoping to save the country and the people through education.
He returned to China in the autumn of 1917 and successively served as professor and academic director of Nanjing Normal University and National Southeast University. In 1926, the "Declaration of the Chinese Educational Improvement Society on Transforming Rural Education in the Country" was issued.
In 1929, St. John's University awarded him an honorary doctorate of science in recognition of his contribution to China's educational reform. In 1935, inspired by the "August 1st Declaration" of the Communist Party of China, he actively participated in the anti-Japanese and national salvation movement.
In 1945, he was elected as member of the Central Standing Committee of the China Democratic League and chairman of the Education Committee, and chairman of the Education Committee. On the morning of July 25, 1946, he unfortunately died in Shanghai at the age of 55 due to long-term overwork.
Extended information:
Tao Xingzhi has always lived at the bottom of Chinese society, so he has had a deep feeling for the suffering of the people since his childhood. He once wrote "I He is a Chinese and must make some contributions to China."
In 1917, Tao Xingzhi declined the invitation of his mentor Dewey to teach in the United States, giving up the superior living and working conditions abroad and his personal future to get ahead and returned to his motherland. At that time, the new cultural movement under the banner of democracy and science was launched in China.
Tao Xingzhi enthusiastically campaigned in this movement, actively advocating new education and reforming old education. To this end, on the one hand, he introduced Western educational theories, and on the other hand, he opposed the blind "formal education". "Other Countries" proposed the need to use scientific methods to carry out educational reform and innovation.
To pave a new path for the popularization and modernization of education in China. Tao Xingzhi held the aspiration of "coming for a big thing and doing a big thing" in life and devoted his main energy to civilian education. During this period, he deeply felt that the fundamental problem of China's educational reform lies in rural areas.
He said: "China was founded on agriculture, and people living in rural areas account for 85% of the country's population. Civilian education is a movement that goes to the people, that is, to the countryside." Tao Xingzhi called on people to join This movement "wholeheartedly creates a new life for rural China."
Baidu Encyclopedia - Tao Xingzhi
Tao Xingzhi Information
Tao Xingzhi, A native of She County, Huizhou, Anhui Province, his ancestral home is Shaoxing. Chinese people's educator, thinker, great democratic fighter, patriot, one of the main leaders of the Chinese People's Salvation Association and the China Democratic League.
In 1908, when he was seventeen, he was admitted to Hangzhou Guangji Medical Hall. He returned to China in the autumn of 1917 and successively served as professor and academic director of Nanjing Normal University and National Southeast University. In 1926, the "Declaration of the Chinese Educational Improvement Society on Transforming Rural Education in the Country" was issued. In 1931, he edited the "Children's Science Series". In 1935, inspired by the "August 1st Declaration" of the Communist Party of China, he actively participated in the anti-Japanese and national salvation movement. In 1945, he was elected as member of the Central Standing Committee of the China Democratic League, chairman of the Education Committee, and chairman of the Education Committee.
On the morning of July 25, 1946, he unfortunately died in Shanghai at the age of 55 due to long-term overwork.
Personal background
Occupation:
Educator and thinker
Graduation school:
Jinling University
p>Personal profile
Chinese name:
Tao Xingzhi
Alias:
Tao Wen_
< p>Nationality:Chinese
Ethnicity:
Han
Birthplace:
She County, Anhui< /p>
Date of birth:
October 18, 1891
Everywhere is a place of creation, every day is a time of creation, and everyone is a creative person. ——Tao Xingzhi
Tao Xingzhi, a great people’s educator in China, was originally named Wen Jun, but later changed his name to Zhixing and Xingzhi. His ancestral home is Kuaiji, Shaoxing. He was born on October 18, 1891 in She County, Anhui Province.
He was born in poverty, but he was smart and studious since he was a child. A private school teacher from a neighboring village believed that this child would achieve great things when he grew up, so he was allowed to study for free. One day it snowed heavily, and when he rushed to the school, the teacher had already started teaching. He just stood outside the door and listened attentively to the teacher finishing the lesson. This spirit of learning touched everyone in the school.
In 1906, he entered Chongyi Academy, a church school in this county, to study for free. Here he studied English, mathematics, physics and chemistry and other courses, and began to accept the new education of the Western bourgeoisie. But because he has been living at the bottom of Chinese society, he has had a deep feeling for the suffering of the people since childhood. He paid special attention to China's rural areas and was determined to fight to change China's poverty and backwardness and the miserable situation of Chinese farmers who were exploited and oppressed. Therefore, when I was studying at Chongyi Academy, I wrote the motto "I am a Chinese and want to make some contributions to China."
In 1908, Tao Xingzhi was admitted to the Guangji Medical School run by the Church in Hangzhou. When he learned that only students who wanted to join the church could go to the hospital for free internship, he quit school angrily. In 1910, he was admitted to the Literature Department of Nanjing Jinling University. After graduating in 1914, he was admitted to study abroad at public expense. He received master's degrees in science and literature from the University of Illinois and Columbia University, and became a student of Dewey, the famous American pragmatist educator. He returned to China in 1917 and served as professor, provost and director of the education major at Nanjing Normal University. We are opposed to "following the old methods and alienating other countries." Promote civilian education. Under the influence of the "May 4th" movement, he proposed in July 1919 that education should be "reinvented, constantly new, brand-new" and "autonomous, self-reliant and active", and participated in the editorial work of the magazine "New Education", and later served as the editor of the magazine. Editor-in-Chief. In 1923, he initiated the "China Civilian Education Promotion Association" and compiled the "Thousand-Word Textbook for Common People" to promote civilian education. In 1926, he published the "Declaration of the Chinese Educational Improvement Society on Transforming Rural Education in the Country" and advocated the rural education movement.
In March 1927, Tao Xingzhi founded the "Xiaozhuang Experimental Rural Normal School" in Nanjing and put forward the theory that "life is education and society is school"; in October, he founded "Xiaozhuang Experimental Rural Normal School" in Xiaoshan Xianghu Zhejiang Provincial Rural Normal School”. In April 1930, the reactionary Kuomintang government closed Xiaozhuang School by force on the pretext of "collusion with rebellion and conspiracy." Tao Xingzhi was wanted and was forced to take temporary refuge in Japan. In the spring of 1931, Dow returned to Shanghai and served as a consultant to the General Management Office of Shenbao. He played a considerable role in the innovation of Shenbao at that time. Launched the "Science Marrying" movement, engaged in the popularization of science, and advocated the "integration of teaching and doing" educational activities. Since 1932, he has successively founded the "Shanhai Engineering Group", "Morning Public School Group", "Labor Children's Group", pioneered the "primary school teacher system", established the "China Popular Education Assistance Association", and carried out "knowing and passing on" popular education movement. In 1934, he edited the bimonthly "Life Education". In July, Tao Xingzhi officially announced that he would change his name from "Zhixing" to "Xingzhi"
After the "December 9th" movement, Tao Xingzhi actively participated in the anti-Japanese and national salvation movement, advocating national disaster education, wartime Education, he founded Yucai School and Social University in Chongqing. In 1936, he was elected as the executive member and standing member of the National Federation for National Salvation. In July, he and Shen Junru, Zou Taofen, and Zhang Naiqi jointly issued the "Declaration of Unity to Defend Infliction", and Chairman Mao Zedong wrote back to express support.
Then, entrusted by the National Salvation Federation, he served as a national diplomatic envoy and visited 28 countries and regions in Europe, the United States, Asia and Africa, and attended the "World Peace Conference", the seventh annual meeting of the "World New Education Conference", and the "World Conference on New Education". Youth Conference", "World Anti-Aggression Conference", and was elected as the Chinese executive member of the World Peace Conference, making outstanding contributions to the image of the Chinese nation on the international stage.
In August 1938, Dow passed through Hong Kong when he returned to China and initiated the establishment of the "Chinese Amateur School" to encourage Hong Kong compatriots to go to the country to fight for the national calamity. In July 1939, a nurturing school for children was established in the Gusheng Temple near Chongqing, Sichuan, to cultivate children with special talents. In 1945, Tao Xingzhi joined the China Democratic League, was elected as a member of the Central Standing Committee and chairman of the Democratic Education Committee, and hosted the weekly "Democracy". In January 1946, Tao Xingzhi founded a social university in Chongqing to promote democratic education.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Tao Xingzhi returned to Shanghai and immediately devoted himself to the struggle against dictatorship, democracy, civil war, and peace. Democratic fighters Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo were assassinated by Kuomintang agents, and Tao Xingzhi was listed as third on the blacklist. While he was prepared for the sacrifice of "I am waiting for the third shot", he continued to fight and regarded death as his own, always standing at the forefront of the democratic movement. He died of cerebral hemorrhage on July 25, 1946 at the age of 55 due to "excessive fatigue, excessive health, and excessive stimulation." Comrade Mao Zedong inscribed "Great People's Educator".
Tao Xingzhi’s life was spent in the autumn when the people were in ruins, the country was in trouble, and the nation was in crisis. He came with a heart in his hands and left without a blade of grass. He is dedicated to the cause of people's education, China's national liberation and democratic struggle, and has made an indelible contribution to the cause of national liberation and democracy in China.
Mr. Tao’s works are rich and precise, and his expositions are precise and closely related to the current socialist education. He can be called a "giant of the generation" in the history of modern Chinese education. He is the author of "China's Educational Reform", "China's Mass Education Issues", "Ancient Temple Bell Ringing Records", etc. "Selected Educational Works of Tao Xingzhi" and "The Complete Works of Tao Xingzhi" have been published. It is recorded in "Dictionary of Modern Chinese Personal Names" and so on.
Tao Xingzhi not only belongs to China, but also to the world.
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Tao Xingzhi’s personal profile
Name: Tao Xingzhi
< p>Original name: Tao WenruiJewish name: Monk
Date of birth: October 18, 1891
Date of death: July 25, 1946
p>Place of Birth: Huangtanyuan Village, Xixiang, She County, Anhui Province
Family: Father, Tao Weichao; mother, Cao Cuibing; sister, Tao Wenzhi; wife, Wang Chunyi, who married again after Wang died of illness Wu Shuqin; the eldest son, Tao Hongsheng; the second son, Tao Xiaoguang; the third son, Tao Gang
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Born on October 18, 1891 in Huangtanyuan Village, Xixiang, She County, Anhui Province. His nickname is Monk, and his scientific name is Wenjun. Father, Tao Wei Dynasty. Mother, Cao Cui.
At the age of 25 in 1916:
The third son Tao Gang was born.
29 years old in 1920:
In April, he hosted Dewey to teach courses such as "Philosophy of Education", "Experimental Ethics", and "History of Philosophy" at Nanjing Normal University.
In the summer, the first summer school was held at Nanjing Normal University. More than 1,300 students from various provinces were selected for more than a month of training to improve the national education administrators, primary and secondary school teachers, scientific research and work standards. The beginning of summer schools for colleges and universities across the country.
30 years old in 1921:
In July, Dewey was sent back to China.
He organized the "Practical Education Investigation Society" in Beijing with Fan Yuanlian, Cai Yuanpei, Zhang Bocen, Yan Xiu, Yuan Xitao, etc., promoted Fan as president and Cai as vice president, and decided to hire American educator Yu Lu to come to China. Investigate the actual situation of science education and give lectures.
Accompanied Menglu in investigations, lectures, and interpretation in Shanghai, Nanjing, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Guangzhou and other places.
In November, he was elected as one of the drafting committees of the 7th National Education Federation’s “China’s New Academic System”.
In December, the New Education Association, the "New Education" magazine, and the Practical Education Investigation Society merged to form the China Education Improvement Society. The purpose is to "investigate the actual situation of education, study educational theories, and strive to improve education."
31 years old in 1922:
From January 3 to 8, the first annual meeting of the China Education Improvement Society was held in Jinan. Making a social affairs report: There are two spirits in improving social services: the spirit of mutual assistance and the spirit of analysis. The academic department is divided into four departments: research, investigation, compilation, and promotion. Research: Dr. Zhang Zhongshu is responsible for research on middle school curriculum reform. The Elementary Education Committee is responsible for conducting research on the reform of elementary school curriculum. Dr. Push conducted research on scientific teaching, and Dr. McColl conducted research on psychological testing. In terms of surveys, there is a national education survey. Because it is held in Jinan, it is also called the "Jinan Annual Meeting".
In February, he was hired as the director of the China Education Improvement Society.
In April, "Meng Lu's Chinese Education Discussion" compiled in collaboration with Hu Shi and Ling Bing was published.
In May, 16 people including Cai Yuanpei, Wang Chonghui, Li Dazhao, and Hu Shi jointly published "Our Political Standings."
Because Jiang Menglin went to the United States, he took over as editor-in-chief from the 2nd issue of Volume 4 of "New Education". And designated as the official publication of the China Education Improvement Society. 42 Chinese and foreign educators have been hired as editors, and representatives from the national education community have been specially invited to report on the latest education news. Published three articles on the "Academic System Research Special Issue": "Our Attitude towards the Draft of the New Academic System", "Standards for Evaluating the Draft of the Academic System", and "The History of China's Construction of the New Academic System".
On December 6, Nanjing Normal University was merged into Southeast University. Served as professor, director of education department and director of education department of Southeast University.
Age 32, 1923:
On July 28, he sent a letter to Liu Boming, acting president of Southeast University, resigning as director of the Education Section and Director of the Education Department. At the end of August, Southeast University allowed him to resign. From now on, he will serve as the director-general of the Improvement Society.
From August 20th to 25th, the second annual meeting of the China Education Improvement Society was held at Tsinghua School in Beijing. He jointly delivered a welcome speech with Xiong Xiling, reported on social affairs and the preparations for the annual meeting, and proposed the "Education Overview Plan for Local Education Administrative Agencies to Prepare".
Initiated the establishment of the China Civilian Education Promotion Association with Zhu Qihui, Yan Yangchu, Zhu Jingnong, Huang Yanpei and others. Co-edited "Public People's Thousand-Word Textbook" with Zhu Jinnong. Go to Nanjing, Anqing, Nanchang, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Wuhan and other places to promote the civilian education movement.
In the autumn, the Anhui Luning Association and Alumni Association established Nanjing Anhui Public School. The school board of directors recommended Tao Xingzhi as the principal and Yao Wencai as the vice principal.
In that year, he refused the appointment by the Beiyang government as the principal of Wuchang Normal University, and also declined the appointment as the principal of his alma mater, Jinling University. Dedicated to Chinese education improvement and social work and promotion of civilian education movement.
On the evening of December 12, a fire broke out in the oral office of Nanjing Normal University. The doctoral thesis "Chinese Educational Philosophy and New Education" placed in the office was burned.
33 years old in 1924:
The number of civilian reading centers in Beijing grew to more than 100, and he went to Zhangjiakou, Kaifeng, Shanghai and other places to promote the civilian education movement. Edited and published "Civilian Weekly". Adaptation of "Public People's Thousand-Word Textbook". The Civilian Education Promotion Association was established in September and has been implemented in 20 provinces and autonomous regions. Already 500,000 people have read "Public People's Thousand-Character Course".
At the request of Feng Yuxiang, he and Xu Shiqi compiled the "Thousand-Character Course for Soldiers" to promote literacy education for soldiers.
The third annual meeting of the China Education Improvement Society was held at Southeast University in Nanjing from July 3 to 9. Make a work report.
The National Education Exhibition is officially on display during the annual meeting.
In the poem "Encourage Oneself and Encourage Comrades", it is stated that "when this big thing comes, do a big thing before it goes". The fourth son, Taocheng, was born.
34 years old in 1925:
In a speech titled "Unity of Teaching" at Nankai University, President Zhang Bocen suggested changing it to "Unity of Learning and Doing". Inspired by Zhang Bocen, Tao Xingzhi suddenly understood and developed the "integration of teaching" into "the integration of teaching and doing". From then on, the name of "teaching and doing as one" officially appeared.
In August, he was responsible for the fourth annual meeting of the China Education Improvement Society. The meeting was held in Taiyuan, with representatives from Han, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan and other ethnic groups participating. At the opening meeting, he delivered a "Speech" and said: "If China wants to gain an equal status in the world, it must develop education." In the social affairs report, it was particularly emphasized: "The businesses currently handled by our society are, first, scientific education, and second, rural areas. Education." Invited Burke Hearst, the founder of the American female education "Dalton System", to give an academic lecture.
On December 4, "New Education Review" was launched. Wrote the launch slogan "The Mission of the Journal" for the journal. Responsible for editing.
Published a book review for Chen Heqin's book "Family Education".
At the age of 35 in 1926:
In the spring, he was elected as a member of the "National Education Reform Committee" of the China Educational Improvement Society and a member of the "Committee to Promote the Establishment of a Special Chapter on Education in the Constitution".
Advocate for rural education movement. In the name of the China Education Improvement Society, the "Declaration on Improving National Rural Education" and the "Declaration on Establishing Rural Kindergartens" were published. Author of articles "Movement of Normal Education Going to the Rural Areas" and "Fundamental Transformation of Rural Education in China". Formulate and implement rural education plans. Published the "Draft Brochure of the First Hospital of Experimental Rural Normal School" to prepare for the establishment of the Experimental Rural Normal School.
On December 25, the second seminar for rural teachers specially appointed by the China Education Improvement Society was held at Yaohuamen Primary School in Nanjing, and a swearing-in ceremony for rural education was held.
On December 31, the Jiangsu Education Department sponsored the Improvement Society to establish an experimental rural normal school.
Prepare to organize the journal "Rural Education News" of the Improvement Society Rural Teachers Association.
36 years old in 1927:
On January 1, "Rural Education News" was founded and he served as editor-in-chief. In the middle of the year, it was decided to test the rural normal school. The school would be located in a small village at the foot of Laoshan outside Shencemen, Nanjing.
On February 5, he presided over the foundation ceremony of the rural normal school, held a group worship ceremony for urban and rural civilians at the same time, and announced that "Xiaozhuang" would be changed to "Xiaozhuang", which means "sunrise".
On February 10, the board of directors of the Experimental Rural Normal School was held in Shanghai, and he was elected as secretary of the board of directors and principal of the school, and Zhao Shuyu was appointed as the dean of the first hospital and director of the research department.
On March 15, Nanjing Experimental Rural Normal School officially opened. There are 13 students in the first batch.
In June, three months after Xiaozhuang started school, the first batch of 13 students moved from Yanziji to Heimoying. Tao Xingzhi talked about "Xiaozhuang spirit, optimism, revolutionary spirit and The spirit of unity”. Finally, it was pointed out: "If we want to run rural education well and transform rural society, we must have a broad mind and a spirit of dedication: "Come with a heart and leave without a blade of grass." "This is the earliest origin of this famous saying.
In June, he participated in school construction work and opened Xiaozhuang Primary School and rural hospital.
Delivered a speech at the daily Yin meeting in Xiaozhuang , gradually elaborated on the theories of "life is education", "society is school", "teaching is the unity of doing" and other theories, and it was proposed that "doing is the beginning of knowing, knowing is the completion of doing", "working hard on labor", "teaching people." "Teach Already" and so on.
On October 1, Zhejiang Provincial Rural Normal School opened. It successively recommended Cao Zhenhui, Fang Yuyan as the first and second principals, and also introduced Cheng Benhai, Dong Chuncai, Wang Lin, Li Chucai and others served as instructors.
In November, he personally went to Xianghu Normal University to guide teachers and students to discuss "teaching-doing integration" and "life education".
This year, he was selected as the Chinese Teacher. Vocational Education Social Review Member
In China Science Society