Wang Bo (650-676) was born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin County, Shaanxi Province). At the end of Sui Dynasty, Wen Zi was the grandson of Wang Tong. At the age of six, he could write, but before he was crowned, he was awarded the title of "You Su Ke Ji", which was written for the house of Pei Wang (Li Xian). Because of the offensive composition, he was driven away, roaming in Sichuan, visiting Jiannan, and then joining the army. He was sentenced to death for killing an official slave privately and was removed from the list in case of pardon. His father's blessing was involved and he was demoted. The father of Dubonai Province drowned. Together with Yang Jiong, Lu and Luo, they are called "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty". His poems are full of atmosphere and harmonious rhythm, which created a new style in the early Tang Dynasty, especially five-character poems. His parallel prose is full of chapters and sentences, and his Preface to Wang Tengting is very famous. Among the "Four Masters", Wang Bo made the greatest achievement. Poems and essays were lost earlier, and The Collection of Wang Zian was compiled in Ming Dynasty.

Preface to Wang Teng Pavilion

Bo Wang

Zhang Yu old county, Hongdu new home. The stars are divided into wings, and the ground is connected with Lu Heng. Three rivers and five lakes in Jin, controlling barbarians and attracting Ouyue. Wuhua Tianbao, the dragon lamp shoots the bull fighting market; Outstanding people, Xu Ru got off Chen Fan's couch. Xing Chi Cai Jun Xiongzhou fog column. At the turn of summer, the host and guest are all in the southeast. The commander-in-chief Gong Yanyi is elegant, and the halberd is in the distance; Fan Yi of Yuwen Xinzhou is temporarily stationed. Ten days holiday, win friends like a cloud; Welcome to the wedding. Teng Jiao, a poet of Meng; Purple electric paste is General Wang's armory. The master is the butcher, the road is famous, and the boy knows nothing.

When Wei is in September, the sequence belongs to Sanqiu. The water is cold and the pool is clear, and the smoke is purple. Yan Yan likes to walk on the road and watch the scenery to worship Afghanistan. Close to Emperor Cheung Chau, you will see the old pavilion where heaven and man are integrated. Terraces are green and the sky is heavy; Feiting, Xiangdan, there is no land under the ground. Heting ancient bamboo, the haunt of poor islands; Gui Dian Lan Gong is the posture of hills. Embroidering Lu and carving Lu: Yamahara is full of foresight, and Kawasawa is bold and unrestrained. Yan Lu, the hometown of Zhong Mingding's delicious food; Ge boat maze, green finch Huanglong axis. Clouds selling rain Ji, colorful. Sunset and lonely Qi Fei, autumn waters and sky are the same color. Fishing boats sing late and resound all over the coast of Peng Li; Yan Zhen was stunned by the cold, and his voice broke Hengyang's pu.

The distance is smooth and it is easy to fly. Cool breeze blowing gently, singing white clouds. There are bamboos in Suiyuan, which makes Peng Ze angry. Shui Ye Zhu Hua, a pen shining in Linchuan. Four beautiful things, two are difficult to combine. Poor in the sky, leisure is very entertaining. The sky is vast and the universe is infinite; Joy begets sorrow and knowledge is empty. Looking at Chang 'an in the sun, the martial arts will meet in the clouds. The terrain is deep in the South Pole, high in Tianzhu and far from Beichen. It is difficult to climb mountains and mountains, and whoever loses his way is sad; Meet by chance, full of foreign guests. If you don't see the emperor, how long will you serve in the publicity room? Ha ha! Bad luck, ill-fated; Feng Tang is easy to get old, but Li Guang is hard to seal. Qu Jiayi is in Changsha, not without a master; It's time to escape to the sonority of Haiqu. A gentleman plays it by ear and knows the world. When you are old and strong, you would rather be moved; Poverty is strong, not falling into the sky. Feel happy when you are greedy for springs, and enjoy each other when you are dry. Although Beihai is on credit, it can be accepted; The cold corner has gone, and the mulberry is not late. Meng has noble taste and is free to serve the country; Ruan Ji is crazy, how can he cry to the end of the road!

Bob, who is three feet short, is a scholar. There is no way to ask for it, and the final army will be weak; There is a pen in the heart, and love has the wind of living in peace. Give up hair for a hundred years, and Wan Li will faint in the morning. It is not a treasure tree in Xie Jia, but a neighbor of Montessori. He is becoming more and more palace, and he is accompanying carp; Today, I hold my hand and hope to hold the Longmen. Yang Yi doesn't pick up, caresses Lingyun and cherishes himself; When the clocks meet, why are you ashamed to play running water? Oh! There are not many resorts, so it is difficult to have a grand feast; Lanting is gone, Zize Xu Qiu. Farewell words, thanks to Wei Wei; Climbing high to make a contribution is to hope the public. Dare to exhaust feelings, be respectful and short-quoted; All the words were given, and all four rhymes were done. Please sprinkle Pan Jiang, and each side will pour their own water into the sea.

Make an appreciative comment

First, the overall perception

The original title of this article is Preface to Wang Tengting's Autumn Farewell, and all articles are closely related to this topic. The full text is divided into four paragraphs. 1 paragraph describes the magnificent terrain, rare products, outstanding talents and distinguished guests of Hongdu, and writes the word "Hongfu" very close in the title. The second paragraph shows the colorful Qiu Jingtu in the Wang Teng Pavilion. Close-up, full of rich colors, the magnificent scenery of Wang Teng Pavilion is written, which is closely related to the words "autumn" and "Teng Teng Wang Ge"; The third paragraph, from the description of the banquet to the feeling of life, is closely around the word "the Committee" in the title; In the last paragraph, I narrated my personal experience, which means that when I meet a bosom friend, I should write a poem as a souvenir. This is closely related to the words "don't" and "order" in the title. From this perspective, the full text is clear; From the ground to people, from people to scenery, from scenery to emotion, it can be said that clues are connected and topics are interpreted layer by layer.

Second, the revelation of local ideas

This article was written to bid farewell, but it only briefly described the prosperity of the banquet. After a few strokes, I devoted all my efforts to the scenery I saw in the pavilion. The feelings born of the scenery did not stick to the pattern and found another way. The layout of local ideas and the choice of ideas are also regarded as the basis of the text. Take the fifth paragraph as an example to illustrate the author's emotional ups and downs:

First of all, I use a series of short sentences to express my sigh: "Bad luck, life is at stake. Hou Feng is easy to be old, but Li Guang is difficult to be right. " Then combine the length with the length to express their anger and sadness: "Qu Jiayi is in Changsha, but there is no Lord; Loud in the sea, is it lack of time? " Finally, there is a set of duality, which shows the intention: "Meng has noble taste and he is free to serve the country;" Ruan Ji is crazy, and crying is effective? " The sonorous tone expressed his determination not to sink.

Third, try to find wonderful sentences.

1. "The water is cold and the pool is clear, and the smoke is purple."

Appreciation: The author makes good use of flexible brushwork to describe the water state of mountains and rivers and express the magnificence of terraces, thus bringing readers into an immersive aesthetic situation. The beauty of color change is written as "the water is cold and the pool is clear, and the smoke is purple." These two sentences are not limited to the static picture color, but focus on the color change of mountains and rivers: the water in the cold water pool is clear because of the retreat of accumulated water; The mountains in the evening are purple because of the twilight. The former sentence is elegant in color, while the latter sentence is strong in color. On the contrast of colors, it highlights the characteristics of autumn scenery, and is praised by predecessors as "writing the scenery in September".

2. "The sunset is lonely in Qi Fei, and the autumn water is the same as the sky."

Appreciation: This sentence is called farewell forever. The sky is clear, the sky is connected with the ground, and the upper and lower colors are the same: rosy clouds are from top to bottom, and lonely people are from bottom to top, adding luster to each other, forming a beautiful picture with bright colors and muddy up and down. These two sentences are not only opposite to each other in sentence structure, but also form their own duality in one sentence, forming the characteristics of "sunset versus loneliness" and "autumn water versus sky", which is a major feature of Wang Bo's parallel prose.

3. "When you are old and strong, would you rather be moved? If you are poor, you will think about it, and you will not lose your ambition. "

Appreciation: This is the most instructive sentence in the full text. Throughout the ages, how many people with lofty ideals have always pursued their ideals in the face of all difficulties and obstacles, and will not give up even in gloomy adversity. Ma Yuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty said: "People should have ambition, be poor and strong, and be old and strong." Wang Bo used it here to warn those "people who have lost their way" not to give up because of short time and difficult situation. At this time, Wang Bo is not brilliant, but he still has such feelings, which is really commendable.

Metonymy and modesty in this paper

1. Identify six metonymic usages.

(l) Bunge came from afar: Bunge replaced Gong Yan.

(2) Temporary presence of the eaves curtain: the eaves curtain is used for driving, but it is actually used by others.

(3) Old Fairy Hall: Dai Ting.

(4) Emperor Qi: acting as the imperial court.

(5) Feng Xuan Room: Acting as an official in North Korea.

(6) Caring for Lingyun and feeling sorry for yourself: Lingyun Fu is the representative. Because Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once praised his fu as "fluttering with the spirit of Lingyun".

2. Know six polite expressions.

(1) Jia Jun is a butcher and Tao is a name; What does a boy know? Bowing is always the winner.

Jiajun, call yourself dad. Son, Wang Bo calls himself. My father, as the county magistrate of Jiaozhi County, passed by this famous place in order to visit his father. Young and ignorant, I was lucky enough to attend this grand banquet.

(2) Bo, a short life, is a scholar.

Three feet, humble, is Wang Bo's claim. The ancients called adults "seven feet tall" and children who were not sensible were "three feet tall". "Humble" and "mustard" are metaphors of smallness. Micro-life refers to humble status. The whole sentence means that I am a humble scholar.

(3) He is becoming more and more court-oriented, always accompanying carp.

Go to court and walk quickly through the courtyard, which is a sign of respect for the elders. Oh, bear the burden of humiliation as a sign of humility. Carp right refers to being taught in front of parents. I will go to my father to listen to my teachings in the future.

Allusions in Preface to Wang Tengting

1. Concise, subtle and tasteful-use clearly.

The so-called clear use is to use the literal meaning of allusions to expand their special meaning into general reference. In "Wang Teng Gexu", "Things are rich and beautiful, and Long Guang shoots bulls; The allusions in the sentences such as "outstanding people, Xu Ru's bed in Chen Fan", "Purple electricity and blue frost, General Wang's arsenal" and "Tianzhu is high, Beichen is far away" belong to Ming Dynasty allusions.

The classics of Long Guang can be found in the Book of Jin? Zhang Huachuan, Zhang Hua dug two swords in the ground, Longquan and Taia, because the purple gas between the bucket and the cow shone, and the dazzling light from the two swords was dragon light. Can the classic "Xuru" be found in the later Han Dynasty? "Biography of Xu Wan" Chen Fan, a famous scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, did not receive visitors when he was the magistrate, but Xu Wan, who refused to be an official because of his poor family and farming at home, set up a couch to stay here. The classic "Purple Electricity" can be found in "Notes of Ancient and Modern Times"? In the jade symbol, Emperor Wu has six swords, and the second one is the sub-code.

The classic of "clearing frost" can be found in Xijing Miscellanies. The sword used by Emperor Gaozu to cut the white snake was ground once every 12 years, and its blade is as sharp as frost and snow. The classic of Tianzhu can be found in Nerve. There are copper pillars on Kunlun Mountain, which are called Tianzhu. For the classic Beichen, see The Analects? For politics, "ruling by virtue is like Beichen, where the stars live * * *". This refers to Polaris, which means monarch.

The above allusions are clear and clear, achieving the effect of "graceful and meaningful, gorgeous and rich, fluent and concise" (Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long" language), which can be described as concise.

2. Implied meaning, the implied meaning in the sentence-hidden use

The secret edition does not directly record the original text, but transforms it into its own language, which makes the allusions close to the context without violating the original intention, and plays an appropriate and tortuous role in expressing the author's thoughts and feelings. "Preface to Wang Tengting" "Feng Tang is easy to be old, Li Guang is difficult to seal, Jia Yi is in Changsha, and there is no owner; Now is not a good time to escape to Hongliang Haile. " "greedy springs are refreshing, and they are still happy." "Meng has a noble taste and holds the feelings of the country when he is free; The allusions of Ruan Ji's madness and how can he cry at the end of the road are all dark allusions.

Feng Tang and Li Guang can be found in Historical Records, and Meng Taste can be found in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. These allusions are familiar to everyone, so I won't repeat them here. For the classic "Greedy Spring", see the Book of Jin? "Wu Yinzhi Jia", there is water called Chanquan in Shimen, 20 miles north of Guangzhou. It is said that people will be insatiable after drinking this water. Up to now, Wu Yinzhi still drinks with spring water and writes a poem: "The ancients said that this water is a treasure. It is not easy to make Qi Yi drink. " See Zhuangzi? "Foreign things", this is the language code, rutting is waterless, so it is called dry, which is a metaphor for poverty here. "For the classic of Ruan Ji, see Jin Shu? The Biography of Ruan Ji, who lived in Wei and Jin Dynasties, was dissatisfied with Sima Shi, and used wine to drown his sorrows and avoid being killed. He often drives out by himself, not by the road. When there are any obstacles ahead, he comes back in pain.

All these allusions, events or words have been translated into his own language by Wang Bo, but these allusions contain complex feelings of self-pity that the author has not used in today's world. However, because Wang Bo borrowed the code names of "greedy for spring" and "dry road", he showed the belief of forcibly cheering up and not being decadent.

3. It is better to compare the past with the present than to use the situation itself.

Use is to use after clicking. This is a way for the author to rationalize the detailed narrative and long speech and express his feelings with simplicity and complexity. "Preface to Wang Tengting" "Yang Yi does not meet, caressing Lingyun and cherishing himself; The sentence "What's the shame of a clock meeting running water" belongs to the use of allusions.

See Historical Records for the classic "Yang Yi never meets"? Biography of Sima Xiangru Yang Deyi told Emperor Wu that Zi Xu Fu was written by Sima Xiangru, and Emperor Wu summoned Xiang Ru, "The son of heaven likes it, and it has the spirit of Lingyun", while Yang Deyi is still a small official in charge of hunting dogs. See the classic "Meeting in the Clock Period"? Tang Wen, a Boya guqin, aims at high mountains and flowing water, and only Zhong Ziqi knows its sound.

The above two cultural allusions have profound implications. Wang Bo, who is only 26 years old, was invited to make a preface, but in the face of his "unlucky and ill-fated life", he couldn't help but feel sad and couldn't say it directly. That's a great pen. It can make flowers and use allusions. Although it is ancient, it is more comfortable than the situation at that time, and there is no trace of an axe.

4. Multi-code concentrated enhancement effect-use together

Continuous use refers to the way that the author drives away several allusions in one sentence to express his thoughts and feelings in order to enhance the expression effect. There are many allusions in Preface to Wang Tengting. Here's just one example: "It's not a treasure tree of Xie's family, but a neighbor of Meng's family. He is becoming more and more palace, and he is accompanying carp; There are four allusions to the sentence "Today I hold my hand and gladly hold the dragon gate", which shows that the author is lucky enough to be favored by Gong Yan and can improvise and display his talents.

For the classic "Treasure Tree in Xie Jia", see Shi Shuo Xin Yu? In other words, Xie An asked his sons and nephews, why do people always want their children to be good? Nephew Xie Xuan replied: "For example, Yushu in Lan Zhi wants to be born in the ears of the imperial court." Yushu is a precious tree, which is a metaphor for a good son who does not disgrace the family. For the classic "Meng's Neighborhood", see "The Story of the Shrew"? Mother instrument ",it is said that Meng Mu moved three times in order to choose neighbors to educate his son. For the classic "Carp Pair", see The Analects? At the end of his life, Confucius once stood in the imperial court, and his son "rushed out of the imperial court". Confucius taught him to learn poetry and etiquette. "Longmen" classic, see "were"? Li Yingchuan: "A person who has a high reputation and is accepted by him is called Deng Longmen. "

The above four allusions are used together in the sentence, which perfectly expresses the complex psychology of young Wang Bo who is flattered and self-pitying, and these allusions are either positive or negative, giving people a feeling of carefree.

"Four Beauty" in Preface to Wang Tengting

The scenery of Preface to Wang Tengting is very distinctive. The author carefully constructs paintings, works hard, and depicts landscapes in a flexible way, which embodies certain aesthetic characteristics.

1. The beauty of color change

This article pays great attention to the color changes of the landscape. For example, the purple spots in Purple Spots Clearing Frost, the Liu Dan in Gefei Liu Dan, the pine trees in the mountains, and the green finch Huanglong in the green finch Huanglong axis are all colorful and swaying. In particular, the phrase "flowing water is cold and clear, and smoke condenses into purple mountains" is not limited to the color of still pictures, but focuses on the changes of water, light and mountains. The former sentence is simple and elegant, and the latter sentence is dignified in color, which is praised by predecessors as "writing the scenery in September"

2. The beauty of distance change

The author uses appropriate methods, just like the shooting technology of a movie, from near to far, to form a panoramic view with a sense of hierarchy and depth. The scenery around the pavilion is written in four sentences, which is a close-up view; The second sentence "rivers and lakes in mountains and rivers" is the middle scene; Rainbow selling rain Ji below is a broad prospect of rice fields. This kind of writing is the most prominent feature of the scenery in the preface to Wang Teng's Songs, which embodies the author's three-dimensional aesthetic view and brings readers into the picturesque scenery of Jiangnan. Readers are integrated with the landscape, people are in the landscape, and there are people in the landscape.

3. The beauty of ups and downs

The four sentences of "mountains, green waters and green waters" are inseparable by changing the perspective, so that the upper and lower parts are in harmony with each other, and the heavens and the earth are in harmony with each other, which embodies the author's unified aesthetic view. And "The setting sun is lonely in Qi Fei, and the autumn water and the sky are the same color" is a famous sentence. Water and the sky are connected, forming a beautiful picture with bright colors.

4. The beauty of contrast between reality and reality

"Fishing boats sing late" four sentences, that is, relying on auditory association, convey the distant scenery with the method of virtual reality, so that readers can broaden their horizons and see Wan Li. The real writing and the imaginary writing are in harmony, and the scenery is described as much as possible.

In a word, Preface to Wang Tengting is quite ingenious, with exquisite words, wonderful sentences and gorgeous chapters, which makes people feel like they are in a water town in the south of the Yangtze River. No wonder Han couldn't help but admire: "There are many scenes in the south of the Yangtze River, and Wang Tengting is the first."

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