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There was a countryman in Zheng who learned to make rain gear in three years, but when there was a drought, his rain gear was useless. He gave up rain gear and studied orange (a tool for drawing water). After studying for three years, it's no use getting caught in the heavy rain. So he went back and redone the rain gear. Soon thieves began to rise and people put on military uniforms. Military uniforms can keep out the rain. Few people use rain gear. He wants to learn to make weapons again, but he is too old to do it.

Knowing this, Li Yu said: "Many things in life are often decided by God, not by people. However, although it is decided by heaven, which technology to learn should be decided by yourself. This result is caused by the country people.

In Vietnam, there was a man who was good at agriculture. He reclaimed land to grow rice, but it was flooded for three years. People said they would plant millet after drainage, but he didn't listen and did it. It was a drought for two years in a row. He calculated the harvest, made up for the previous poor harvest, and still had a surplus. So he said, "In dry weather, prepare a boat, and in hot weather, sew a leather coat. It's a famous saying in the world. "

First, the understanding of the article "born in sorrow, died in happiness"

The textbook (People's Education Edition) is a classic article in Mencius, the original title of which is "Fishes in Shun Fa". Say it is a classic, lies in:

(1) In the first paragraph of the article, six famous people are listed: Shun,,, Guan Yiwu, Sun Shuai and Bai Xixi. They are either legendary sages or famous sages and gifted scholars in history. They are listed in the first paragraph of the article because they either went through hardships and engaged in humble work or were unknown to the world before becoming celebrities.

(2) The second paragraph of the article is a famous sentence that inspires the deaf: "Therefore, the sky will drop to a great post, so the old man (referred to as" Si Ren "in the article) must first suffer from his mind, his bones and muscles, his body and his body, and do whatever he wants. Therefore, the endurance of the heart is beneficial to it. " The author had taught me twice before this teaching. As long as I mention it, I can recite it one by one. This passage is famous because it has extraordinary inspirational function. I think it's hard for anyone who has taught this text twice not to recite it, especially what he read in middle school. It tells people that all people who want to achieve something in the future must go through a painful and tortuous training in mind and body to increase their talents. I have eaten all the hardships I can eat and all the setbacks I can bear. Even if I encounter similar difficulties and setbacks in the future, I can be calm and calm, and try my best to overcome and deal with them.

(3) The third paragraph is also a famous sentence: "People always have to pass before they can change. Trapped in the heart, balanced in consideration, and then made; Color label, sound hair, and then metaphor. A country, if there are no ministers and wise men who can assist the king, will often be in danger of the collapse of its neighboring countries and the misfortunes from abroad. Then I know that I was born in sorrow and died in happiness. " It is famous because it tells the center of the whole article, "Born in sorrow, died in happiness". In other words, if a person assumes that he has been living a happy life, he will die if he does not make progress and has no sense of hardship.

(4) In terms of writing, the rhetorical devices of parallelism are used in the first and second paragraphs, which makes the article compelling and irrefutable. The former summarizes the cases of six famous people with the words "Yu" and "Ju", and demonstrates the viewpoint of "born in sorrow". The word "qi" in the second paragraph shows the good intention of "God" in order to hone and forge a generation of sages or sages who can take on great responsibilities. In the third paragraph, we discussed the role of individuals in suffering. If a country is too peaceful, under this false appearance of peace, the people of the whole country will relax their vigilance, and once the country encounters internal and external troubles, it will collapse and perish in an instant. This kind of writing from small to large is also a classic, which makes people want to stop, never forget, and gives people profound enlightenment.