At present, the units engaged in family indoor air testing include scientific research units, enterprises and institutions and some testing institutions. These tests
Some testing departments do not have the corresponding testing capabilities, and some "measurement qualification certification marks" issued to customers do not actually have them.
It is not published for indoor environmental testing.
Unqualified institutions are not necessarily professional, and qualified institutions are not necessarily suitable for testing ordinary families. That old Bai
The surname is worried about air pollution at home. Who should I call for testing? Consumers can learn about testing institutions from these aspects.
Nature:
First, see if there is a CMA mark on the test report. Metrological certification is the recognition of testing institutions by national technical supervision departments.
Strict examination of experimental ability, operating procedures, personnel requirements and instrument indicators; Secondly, look at CMA (Metrology Certification) recognition.
Whether there are indoor environment items in the test items; In addition, see if there is any technology for on-site inspection.
Whether the testing instruments whose indicators meet the requirements of the national standard are tested according to the national standard. So far, there is only Shanghai in this city.
The indoor decoration quality supervision and testing station has passed the indoor environment testing and measurement certification.
Pollution sources caused by indoor decoration
1, wood-based panel and wood-based panel furniture;
2, paint;
3. Wallpapers and carpets;
4. Decorative stone materials
Four-step safety law
First, when buying building materials, you should ask the merchants for the corresponding information on the pollutant content issued by the authoritative department.
Fully prove.
Second, don't move in immediately after interior decoration. Generally, new houses will be vacant for one month to several months under ventilation conditions.
Suitable.
Third, before moving into a new house, it is best to conduct indoor environmental testing and overall safety assessment.
Four, once the problem is found, be sure to take corresponding effective measures.
Indoor pollution countermeasures are varied.
Treatment methods of indoor pollution caused by toxic and harmful substances released by indoor decoration materials
We should make different plans according to the degree of pollution. As far as the owners themselves are concerned, the newly renovated house should first pay attention to opening more doors and windows.
Keep indoor ventilation; Secondly, we can raise some flowers and plants that can absorb harmful substances and reduce the number of harmful substances indoors.
To some extent, it is necessary to use some physical and chemical methods for field and continuous treatment, such as specific methods.
Next:
Plant absorption method:
1. Plants that can absorb formaldehyde, such as chlorophytum, aloe, agave, Sanskrit, etc.
2. Plants that can absorb benzene, such as ivy and cycads;
3. Plants that can absorb trichloroethylene, such as evergreen, daisy and agave;
4. Plants that can absorb sulfur dioxide, such as Chinese rose and Chinese rose;
5. Plants with dust absorption function, such as osmanthus fragrans;
6. Plants with bactericidal effect, such as mint.
On-site treatment, absorption and decomposition methods of instruments and equipment:
1. The aggressiveness and predation of ozone broke the molecular formula of formaldehyde, making it into carbon dioxide and water, and realizing decomposition.
The use of formaldehyde, such as some air treatment ozone machines.
2. Eliminate indoor formaldehyde, benzene, TVOC, air and other harmful substances by using electrons, photoions and nanotechnology.
Purifier, etc.
3. Using nanometer photocatalyst technology to decompose harmful gases such as benzene oxide, formaldehyde and ammonia. , so that they become zero.
Toxic and harmless gases and water vapor can eliminate various odors, such as "fresh air".
Continuous governance:
1, absorb formaldehyde by oxidation, decompose formaldehyde into carbon dioxide and water, and then remove it, thus effectively removing formaldehyde.
, such as decoration deodorant, formaldehyde decomposition deodorant, formaldehyde scavenger, formaldehyde absorbent, air disinfection machine, formaldehyde.
Spray cleaning, etc.
2. Quickly and effectively eliminate harmful gases such as triphenyl gas and ammonia gas discharged from indoor air.
Wrapped and removed, triphenyl scavenger can be used.
3. Use supercritical extraction technology and nanotechnology to make full use of natural plant extracts and synthesis of multifunctional compounds.
Coordinate the combination effect and effectively remove formaldehyde, such as formaldehyde scavenger.
4. Purify the air with the new concept of ultrasonic wave, and neutralize the sprayed water vapor with foreign (smelly) molecules in the air.
It becomes tasteless particles and falls to the ground, such as an air purifier (sprayer).
5. The concentration of negative ions continuously released by ionized water in the air is 5-20 times. Effectively remove various peculiar smells,
And neutralize the dust particles in the air to make them settle rapidly, which is conducive to eliminating indoor air pollution, such as air ion treasure.
Wait a minute.
Water source pollution and its prevention and control methods
In order to ensure the sanitation of drinking water and protect the source of water intake, the state has formulated the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB 3838-88), which puts forward the quality requirements for the source of water intake. However, due to the lack of sufficient funds and technical strength, most water supply enterprises in counties and towns only set up water source protection areas, and lack understanding of water source pollution and its prevention and control. Therefore, understanding the source of water pollution and preventing its generation and further deterioration is an important task in water source management.
I. Types of water pollution
The water supply sources in counties and townships are mainly influenced by human or natural factors, which makes the sensory properties, microbial indicators and toxic components of water exceed the standard. Its types are:
1. Bacterial and microbial pollution. This kind of pollution is characterized by large quantity and wide distribution. Especially for water supply enterprises that use surface water as water source, their pollution mainly comes from urban domestic sewage, hospital sewage, garbage and surface runoff. The total number of bacteria in each liter of domestic sewage can reach more than several million, and there are about 6.5438+0 million in each gram of feces, and there are hundreds of bacteria. If the water source is only disinfected with chlorine, the coliform bacteria per liter will not be less than 1000.
2. Organic pollution. This pollution is mainly caused by chemical fertilizers, pesticides and organic chemical pollution. In general, carbohydrates, protein, oils, amino acids, lipids and so on in water will cause high organic matter content, poor water quality and water pollution. The content of organic matter in water can be expressed by five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) or chemical oxygen demand (COD). Generally, organic pollutants will undergo chemical oxidative decomposition after entering water, and then undergo biochemical oxidative decomposition under the action of microorganisms. This process will change with the change of temperature, organic matter concentration and microbial species. Nitrogen-containing organic matter is nitrated into nitrite and nitrate. Dissolved oxygen is the basis for measuring the degree of organic pollution and dividing the index grade. The more serious the pollution, the less dissolved oxygen.
3. Eutrophication pollution. Mainly refers to the pollution of reservoirs and lakes as water sources. In reservoirs and lakes, algae and plankton increase sharply under the action of organic matter because of slow water flow. There is no uniform index of water eutrophication. There are many algae in the eutrophic water, and the water is green or brownish green with peculiar smell, which causes sensory discomfort and brings great trouble to the purification and treatment of water quality.
In addition, in areas with relatively developed industries, water pollution also includes toxic pollution, chemical pollution, thermal pollution and radioactive pollution.
Second, the prevention and control methods of water pollution
The prevention and control of water pollution is very important for the maintenance and management of water source protection areas. The principle of pollution prevention and control is prevention first, with emphasis on management. The main methods are:
1. Investigate the source of water pollution regularly. According to the types of water pollution, conduct regular surveys, observe on the spot, collect sewage discharge data, entrust local health and epidemic prevention or environmental protection departments to analyze water samples from sewage outlets, and organize the survey results into written materials to predict the development trend of pollution. The survey time is generally once a year, and the scale is relatively large. It is best to investigate with the health and epidemic prevention and environmental protection departments. If the water quality changes, the number of investigations will increase accordingly.
2. Strengthen the water quality monitoring in the upstream of the water source. The monitoring items mainly choose items that have an impact on water sources, such as turbidity, chromaticity, odor, visible objects, etc. , can reflect the sensory characteristics of water; Reflect organic pollution, such as dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen (ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate); Microbial indicators reflecting bacterial pollution, etc. Eutrophication plus monitoring of algae and plankton.
3. Control pollution sources according to law. Water pollution prevention and control is a popular project related to people's health. The pollution sources that have affected the water quality of water sources must be treated according to law, and the pollution sources must be effectively treated in accordance with the laws and regulations promulgated by the State, such as Water Law, Environmental Protection Law, Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water, Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard and Urban Water Supply Regulations.
In the water source management of Ningdu County Water Supply Company in Jiangxi Province, it was found that the upstream sewage was discharged with high chroma and peculiar smell. The company immediately organized an investigation and found that a food factory and yuba factory in the upper reaches discharged sewage every day, so it entrusted the Environmental Protection Bureau to test the sewage discharge samples, and compiled the investigation results into written materials and reported them to the county government and competent departments. With the cooperation of government departments, health, environmental protection and other law enforcement departments, the sewage from food factories and yuba factories was treated according to law, ensuring the safety and sanitation of water sources.
What are the basic responsibilities of governments at all levels in the prevention and control of air pollution?
According to the provisions of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, the basic duties of the State Council and local people's governments at all levels in the prevention and control of air pollution include the following four aspects:
1. Incorporate atmospheric environmental protection into the national economic and social development plan. It is necessary to comprehensively balance the needs of economic and social development and environmental protection, regard atmospheric environmental protection as an organic part of national development, and stipulate the objectives, measures, methods and indicators of economic and social development and atmospheric environmental protection in the national economic and social development plan.
2. Rational planning of industrial layout. Reasonable industrial layout can not only make full use of the self-purification ability of the atmosphere, but also reduce the pollution to the atmosphere. Therefore, rational planning of industrial layout is an important way to solve the air pollution problem. Rational planning of industrial layout includes not only the rational layout of newly-built industries, but also the adjustment of existing unreasonable industrial layout and the planned relocation of industrial enterprises that seriously pollute the atmosphere.
3. Strengthen scientific research on the prevention and control of air pollution. One of the main reasons for the serious air pollution in China is that the technology for preventing and controlling air pollution is relatively backward, and the final solution of air pollution still depends on the development of science and technology. Therefore, strengthening scientific research on air pollution prevention and control is one of the fundamental measures to solve the air pollution problem in China.
4. Take measures to prevent and control air pollution and protect and improve the atmospheric environment. People's governments at all levels shall take other measures to prevent and control air pollution, including designating key cities and regions for air pollution prevention and control, actively developing urban central heating, and strengthening motor vehicle pollution control.
Suggestions on the prevention and control of light pollution in our city
Lanzhou has been a heavy industrial city since ancient times. In addition, Lanzhou is located in the monsoon area and sunny area. When a large number of pollutants produced by industry are not easy to be discharged, the pollutants are prone to photochemical reactions. The light radiation produced by buildings also easily affects living things. As the earliest light pollution area in China and the key development city of western development, Lanzhou should deeply realize the importance of environmental protection. Therefore, the prevention and control of light pollution has become an arduous task in Lanzhou's economic construction. As middle school students in Lanzhou and the pillars of the future motherland, we should make our due contribution to the economic construction of our hometown.
Due to the geographical location of Lanzhou, in our interviews with people, less than 30% of the total number of people surveyed have heard of and understood light pollution. At present, due to the influence of various factors, Lanzhou city has not yet promulgated the relevant legislation and regulations on the prevention and control of light pollution, but only made some provisions on pollutant discharge, coal to gas measures, building spacing, sunshine location and so on. And these regulations are far from enough for the fundamental control of light pollution. This shows that the environmental protection department of our city has not paid enough attention to the potential threat of light pollution and has not publicized enough. After several months of hard research and discussion, we think that the light pollution control in Lanzhou should focus on prevention and combine prevention with control. First, publicity and education, second, science and technology, third, legislation, and fourth, supervision and management. In densely populated areas, leaflets can be distributed, and publicity and study can be organized appropriately in enterprises, units and schools related to the lighting industry, so that people can know more or less about light pollution and its harm and enhance their resistance to light pollution. When planning and designing urban night lighting, we should pay attention to the prevention and control of light pollution, and realize the requirements of building scientific night scenes and protecting the night sky. For the area where night lighting is being built, the problem of light pollution should be considered when planning, so as to plan ahead and prevent problems before they happen. In areas where night lighting has been built, problems should be found in time and pollution should be controlled in the bud as much as possible.
In addition, we have some personal suggestions:
1 at the high-tech fair. Shenzhen 1999, the anti-reflection safety device of hidden frame double-layer glass curtain wall, solved the problem of white light pollution of glass curtain wall by high-tech means for the first time, and took the lead in abandoning the original single glass coating in China, adopting double glass sandwich suspension technology, which played a good role in light absorption and heat insulation. We suggest that Lanzhou can adopt this high-tech product to realize scientific planning. We believe this must be very useful.
2. Artificial sunlight will harm birds and insects, strong light may destroy the normal reproduction process of organisms at night, and many plants that rely on insect pollination will also be affected to varying degrees. So we suggest reducing the color light projection on plants at night. Especially in some busy sections (such as Binhe Road), "the brighter the better" is not scientific.
We suggest to use more high-quality fluorescent lamps with good shading performance. Its working frequency is above 20KHZ, which greatly reduces the flicker of fluorescent lamps, improves the visual environment and is beneficial to human health. Use less unfavorable light sources, such as black light and laser.
4. Urban planning should be based on coordination and unification. Billboards and neon lights should be controlled and managed scientifically; Trees, grasses and flowers should be planted around buildings and pre-music venues to improve the light environment; Pay attention to reducing high-power and strong light sources.
5. For invisible radiation sources such as ultraviolet rays and infrared rays, necessary protective measures must be taken.
6. Control and reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides in automobile exhaust, improve energy utilization rate, and advocate the use of clean new energy. Completely cut off the pollution source of photochemical smog.
7. Adopt new methods to improve the visual environment. (pay attention to home decoration materials and color matching; Stick a green film on the book, etc. ).