If you want to choose filial piety, you will grow up to be good at Cao Cao in Zhuerling.
Shouchun, Hanzhong and Chang 'an wanted to send a son to the governor to get it. If you want to choose filial piety without violating our son, you don't know who to use. Although children see love when they are young, they must be good people with love when they grow up. I'm not saying anything. Not only do I not want to be private, but my son also doesn't want to be private.
translate
Today, Shouchun, Hanzhong and Chang 'an are three important towns. First of all, we plan to send one son each to station and manage. I don't know who to use if I want to be kind and filial without disobeying orders.
Although my sons were loved by me when I was young, I will definitely value those who have both ability and political integrity when I grow up. I keep my word, not only do I not want to be partial to my subordinates, but also to my son.
Cao Cao (155-220) was born in Mengde, Peiguoqiao County (now Bozhou, Anhui Province).
An outstanding politician, strategist and writer in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, the first ruler of Wei, in the name of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, made expeditions in all directions, wiped out the separatist forces in the Central Plains such as Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu, Lu Bu, Liu Biao and Han Sui, and the north surrendered to the Xiongnu, Wuhuan and Xianbei in the south, eventually unifying the north and implementing a series of policies to restore economic and social order. Cao Cao was first the prime minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty, then Wang Wei, and after his death, posthumous title became King Wu. After his son Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, he was honored as Emperor Wu, with the temple name Mao.
Cao Cao is proficient in the art of war, good at writing poems and expressing his political ambitions. Some of them reflect the tragic life of the people in the late Han Dynasty, with different styles, some magnificent and some passionate and sad; Prose is clean and tidy, which opens and prospers Jian 'an literature and leaves an extremely rich and precious spiritual wealth for future generations. Historically known as Jian 'an style, Lu Xun rated it as the founder of the transformation article.
The order of children embodies Cao Cao's educational thought that he dares to entrust an important task, cultivate, exercise and select in practice, and choose successors on the basis of merit. Cao Cao really has a way of educating children. According to Records of Emperor Wen of Wei Zhi, Biography of Rencheng Chen Xiaowang and Biography of Wu Wangshi, Cao Cao has 25 sons, each with his own merits.
His second son, Cao Pi, and his fourth son, Cao Zhi, both have literary talents and are the backbone of Jian 'an literature. Cao Zhi and Zhong Rong, in particular, called him an outstanding figure in Jian 'an in poetry. There are four sentences at the end of Cao Zhi's Virtual Festival: I wish to start a prairie fire for the grass in the forest and the wildfire in autumn. Won't it hurt if you die? I want to connect with the root. It strongly expressed the poet's dissatisfaction with circular rigidity, which shocked and moved readers.
There is also a story that Sun Quan once sent a beautiful pheasant. Cao Cao wanted to watch the pheasant dance, but he tried his best. This rare bird just doesn't sing or jump, which makes people helpless.
Young Cao Chong came up with a way to make a big bronze mirror for the craftsman and put it in front of the pheasant. Seeing the same kind in the mirror, the pheasant was eager to win, and immediately danced and looked like pairs.
Cao Zhang, the third son of Cao Cao, has high martial arts and the spirit of a general. In 2 18, the wuwan rebellion occurred in Dai Jun. Cao Zhang led the troops in the Northern Expedition, taking the lead. He not only broke the black pill, but also let Xianbei people sit still and ask for surrender, and the north was completely pacified.
The full-text translation of Zhu Zi's family instructions and the author's introduction
The full-text translation of Zhu Zi's family instructions and the author's introduction
[Introduction by the author]
Zhu Bailu (1627- 1698), a native of Yushan, Kunshan, was a famous philosopher and educator in Qing Dynasty. His father Zhu was originally a general stationed in Kunming. In the second year of Qing Shunzhi (1645), he was killed in the battle with the Qing army, and Zhu Bailu cried day and night. At that time, his younger brother Bai Yonghe and Yong Jin were still very young. Zhu Bailu has to serve his mother and raise his younger brothers and sisters. His life is extremely difficult. He admired the king's mourning for climbing the tomb of Bailuyuan in Jin Dynasty, so he named himself Bailuyuan.
During his teaching in Zhu Bailu's hometown, he devoted himself to his studies and respected knowledge and practice on the basis of Neo-Confucianism in Zhu Cheng. He deeply felt that there were many disadvantages in the education method at that time, so he wrote "Stop talking", which is a bitter expression. Zhu Bailu was honest and strict with himself, and treated all the officials and gentry who were willing to associate with him with courtesy. In the thirty-seventh year of Kangxi (1698), Zhu Bailu fell ill. Before he died, he specially told his disciples that knowledge lies in silk and career lies in loyalty and filial piety.
Zhu Bailu wrote many works in his life, mainly including The Book of Changes, Four Books on Lectures, Kuinai Collection, Kuheng Record, No Fraud Record, Biographies and Explanations of Five Scholars in the Spring and Autumn Period, etc. Among them, Zhu Zi's Family Instructions has a great influence, and it is not easy to remember a porridge and a meal in the book. Half a thread, persistent thinking about material difficulties, etc. , is still a widely circulated aphorism.
[Introduction]
Family Instructions of Zhuzi, also known as Family Instructions of Zhuzi and Family Instructions of Zhu Bailu, is based on the research results of Zhu Bailu's life, with the core idea of Confucian self-cultivation and family instruction as its purpose, and widely accepted all kinds of experience in dealing with people.
This book reflects some life principles of ancient people in China, and it is an excellent collection of folk proverbs, most of which are philosophical and intriguing, and worth learning by modern people. Most of the content of this book is to teach people how to survive, how to develop and how to be a man, which can be said to be a complete family management model.
The subtlety of Zhu Zi's family instructions is that he preached in a persuasive and gradual way, first talking about managing the family, then talking about contacting people, and then extending it to managing the country. Its content is simple, the language is easy to understand and the reasoning is pertinent and accurate. The book is only over 500 words, but it brilliantly expounds the way of self-cultivation and family planning.
This book inherits and carries forward the excellent characteristics of respecting teachers and valuing morality, managing the family diligently and being kind to neighbors in China traditional culture, and it still has important practical significance today. Of course, the book also contains some Taoist and Buddhist lifestyles, as well as some feudal dross, such as prejudice against women, superstitious retribution, conformism, etc., which need us to treat dialectically and selectively absorb and learn from.
Get up at dawn, sweep the courtyard, and be neat inside and outside.
When you are unconscious, you will rest. If you close the door, you will behave well.
[translation]
Get up at dawn every morning, sprinkle water on the ground inside and outside the court hall and then sweep the floor to make the court hall clean and tidy; Rest near dusk, check the doors and windows in person and lock them.
It is not easy to think about a porridge and a meal; It is difficult to keep thinking about material resources.
[translation]
A bowl of porridge and a bowl of rice must be hard-won. Half silk and half thread (on clothes and fabrics) are also difficult to obtain.
It is better to prepare for a rainy day than to dig a well when you are thirsty.
[translation]
Everything should be prepared first, just like building a house before it rains. Don't cram, just like digging a well when you are thirsty.
Self-help must be frugal, and banquets must not be delayed.
[translation]
When you live alone, you must be frugal when you cultivate your self-cultivation, and don't be stingy when you entertain friends.
The utensils are clean and tidy, and the tile is better than gold; The food is exquisite, and the garden vegetables are more delicious.
[translation]
Even mud is better than gold if the instruments used are clean and tidy; Even ordinary vegetables, if eaten in small quantities, are more delicious than expensive vegetables.
Don't run fancy houses, don't seek fertile land.
[translation]
Don't build luxurious houses, and don't covet rich rural areas.
Three aunts and six wives are the media of prostitution and theft; Beautiful girls and concubines are not the blessings of the boudoir.
[translation]
Those who have three aunts and six grandmothers are really dissolute matchmakers, thieves (this is not three aunts and six grandmothers, but some gossips, Rainbow grandmothers in the water margin), beautiful handmaids and beautiful concubines, which is not a blessing at home.
Don't be handsome for a servant, and don't make up for wives.
[translation]
Don't choose people and slaves who are extremely beautiful, and wives and concubines should not wear heavy makeup.
Although the ancestors are far away, the sacrifice is not sincere; Although children and grandchildren are stupid, they must read classics.
[translation]
Although our ancestors left us for a long time, we must offer sacrifices devoutly; Although children and grandchildren are stupid, they should read the four books and five classics.
Be frugal in life and teach your son to be upright.
[translation]
Self-cultivation should be frugal and simple at ordinary times, and future generations should be educated in good ways.
Don't covet unexpected wealth and don't drink too much.
[translation]
Don't covet money that doesn't belong to you and don't drink too much.
Trade with your shoulders, don't take advantage; When you see poor relatives and neighbors, you must warm your shirt.
[translation]
Don't take advantage of others by doing business with people who carry loads of small businesses. When you see poor relatives or neighbors, you should have more sympathy and comfort.
Mean marriage will not last long; Lun Chang is a good boy and will die soon.
[translation]
Those who get rich by being mean to others will never enjoy it. People who violate common sense will soon disappear from the world.
Brothers and uncles must decorate widows more; Young and old, both inside and outside, should be strict with themselves.
[translation]
Brothers and uncles should help each other, and the rich should help the poor; A family should have strict rules, and the words of the elders should be solemn to the younger generation.
Listen to the woman say, dear flesh and blood, is it a husband? If you value wealth and ignore your parents, you can't be the son of human beings.
[translation]
It is a man's duty to listen to a woman and spoil her flesh and blood. It is not a son's behavior to value money and treat his parents badly.
Marry a woman, choose a good husband, and do not seek re-employment; It's not too thick to marry a daughter-in-law and beg a lady.
[translation]
To marry a daughter, you should choose a son-in-law with good character and don't ask for expensive dowry; Marrying a daughter-in-law requires a lady to be dignified and not care about a rich dowry.
It is most shameful to see wealth and flattery; Being arrogant when you are poor is nothing more than meanness.
[translation]
It is the most shameful person to sprout flattery at the sight of rich people; It is the most despicable thing to meet poor people and deliberately make yourself arrogant.
If you quit fighting at home, the lawsuit will be fierce; Don't talk too much in life, you will suffer.
[translation]
If you live at home, you should prevent going to court. Once a lawsuit is filed, no matter whether you win or lose, the result is not good. Don't talk too much in life. If you talk too much, you will make mistakes.
Don't bully widows by force; Don't kill wild birds too much.
[translation]
Don't abuse power for personal gain to oppress orphans and widows, and don't slaughter cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks and other animals at will for the sake of appetite.
If you are eccentric, you will regret many mistakes; Laziness and self-indulgence are hard.
[translation]
People who are eccentric and self-righteous will inevitably regret often doing wrong things; Decadent and lazy, addicted to ignorance, it is difficult to get married.
If you are naughty, you will be bored for a long time; Qu Zhi is old, but if you are in a hurry, you can rely on each other.
[translation]
Make friends with those wicked people, and they will drag you down over time; Make friends with sophisticated people and rely on them when you are in a hurry.
You can tell inhuman lies just by listening to speeches. Be patient and think twice before you act. If you argue about something, you must think calmly.
[translation]
Don't believe others' slander easily, think about whether you have been slandered by others, be patient and think more; If you quarrel with each other because of something, think about whether it is your own fault and think calmly for several times.
Don't forget to help without thinking.
[translation]
You don't have to worry about helping others all day, but you must not forget the good of others.
Leave room for everything and be proud of it.
[translation]
No matter what you do, you should leave room; After you are satisfied, you should be satisfied with what you have and should not go any further.
People are happy, not jealous; People should not be happy when they are in trouble.
[translation]
Don't be jealous when others have festive events; Don't gloat when others are in trouble.
The good that longs to be seen by others is not really good, but the evil that fears being known is the great evil.
[translation]
If you do a good thing and want others to see it, you are not really a good person; If you do something bad and you are afraid that others will know, then you are really wicked.
Seeing the color, I reported my wife and daughter; Hide resentment with arrows in the back, delaying future generations.
[translation]
If you see a beautiful woman with evil thoughts, there will be retribution in the future, and it will be on his wife and children; Those who hold a grudge and secretly hurt others will leave a curse on their children and grandchildren.
Family harmony, although embarrassing, is also full of joy; The Chinese class ended in the morning, but there was nothing left. I had a good time.
[translation]
If everyone in the family has a harmonious relationship, they will be happy even if they can't eat; After studying Chinese studies, even if you have no money in your pocket, you will enjoy it.
Reading is aimed at sages, not disciples; If you are an official, you will keep your country.
[translation]
Reading is to learn from sages, not just for imperial examinations; An official should have a monarch and a country in his heart, not just his family.
Obey life and listen to the weather.
[translation]
We keep our duty, work hard and live hard, and God will make his own arrangements.
If you do this, you will be very close.
[translation]
If you can behave like this, it is almost consistent with the truth of sages.
Ding Jiaxun and Personal Introduction
Ding doesn't care about his family instructions and personal profile at all. When people asked him how to train a son who won the Nobel Prize, his father Ding answered the question.
Tansuke
Ding (1911-kloc-0/991year), a native of Rizhao city, Shandong province. A famous expert in civil engineering, he has served as a professor in Jiaozuo Institute of Technology, Shandong University, Chongqing University and Taiwan Province Provincial University. Mr. Ding is the father of a world-famous experimental physicist and a Nobel Prize winner in physics.
When he was a teenager, Ding Zhaozhong was in wartime, and he lived a wandering life in Tibet. Besides, he was in poor health and was tortured by illness when he was a child, so formal education was impossible. During that time, he stayed at home and was taught by his parents. Ding Zhaozhong's mother is a professor of child psychology. She is very good at grasping children's psychology. Although she taught Ding Zhaozhong knowledge, she never asked him to score 100, because she knew that 100 was meaningless to a child. The key is to cultivate children's interest in learning and the spirit of exploring the unknown.
After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the Ding Zhaozhong family returned to Qingdao. His father sent him to a very strict Catholic school run by German nuns. The teachers in the school are all nuns. Mothers are very serious and good at expressing their children. Because Ding had never received formal education before, he encountered great difficulties in his study under the strict management and rigid education of Catholic schools. At this time, parents never blame him. Instead of forcing their children to get good grades in school, they often take them to see Peking Opera and movies for fun. Two days later, he told his parents that he didn't want to go again, so his parents changed schools for him. However, no matter in which school, Ding Zhaozhong's performance is not outstanding. He recalled: in the exam rankings, it was not easy to find me from the front, but it was quick to find me from behind. But his parents don't blame him for it, but let him develop his own interests. Since then, regardless of whether he went to middle school in Taiwan Province Province or went to college in the United States, his parents fully respected Ding Zhaozhong's interest and decision to choose a major. Therefore, when different people in the world ask him the secret of success on different occasions and at different times, he always has only one answer: interest. What he often says is that you must be interested in what you do and then concentrate on it.
Attention to interest also makes Ding Zhaozhong always full of confidence. For decades, what he has done has been something that no one has done, and there is no way to follow it. Interest became the only motivation for him to walk in the forefront of experimental physics. Almost every result of his experiment tells the world what the world is or not. When someone asked him if he had faced experimental failure for decades, he said without hesitation: no, never. Some people doubt whether there is luck or luck in this, but he simply said: not at all. Every experiment is the result of serious efforts, because it is cautious in advance.
On Zhu Ziqing's Family Style, Family Training and Personal Introduction
About Zhu Ziqing's family style, family training and personal introduction _ Naturally, a person's quality and success do not depend entirely on school education: it is only our imagination to say that we want to take a part-time job. I can't make up my mind about it at present; Especially in this changing era, do you know how to collect seeds? At present, what we can do is to cultivate their basic strength, mind and vision: children's hands are still children's hands, so naturally we can't say that they are unattainable. We should take a nap slowly from nearby places in the afternoon. Naturally, this can only be avoided according to my own appearance: God is wise, and only one person, whether brilliant, flattering or ordinary, let them do their best. Zhu Ziqing's child.
brief introduction
Zhu Ziqing (1898- 1948), formerly known as Huazi, was named Qiushi, and later renamed Ziqing, with strings. Originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, he was born in Donghai, Jiangsu Province and grew up in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, so he is called Yangzhou. Graduated from Peking University, he used to be Professor Tsinghua University and head of the Chinese Department. Modern essayist, poet, writer, scholar and democracy fighter. Zhu Ziqing 192 1 participated in the Literature Research Association and was one of the important writers during the May 4th Movement. The fresh style of writing adds magnificent colors to China's modern prose, creates a prose system and style with China's national characteristics, and sets a brand-new aesthetic feature for China's modern prose.
Mr. Wu Han recalled in the article "On Zhu Ziqing's Failure to Receive American Relief Food"
Tao: His stomach trouble is already very serious at this time. He can only eat very little, and if he eats too much, he will vomit. He has a thin face and a low voice. He has seven children, big and small, and his life is more difficult than anyone else. But when he finished reading the manuscript, he signed it immediately without hesitation. He has always performed well in writing. This time, he still signed his name meticulously with trembling hands. On his deathbed, Zhu Ziqing told his wife earnestly: One thing to remember: I signed a declaration rejecting American flour, and I will never buy American flour rationed by the Kuomintang again!
This incident also left a profound impact on the children. Zhu Runsheng, the second son of Zhu Ziqing, often tells people that what my father taught me is enough for my whole life. He is a real gentleman. It was my father's death that set me on the road to revolution. His sense of justice and strong patriotism deeply shocked me.
Zhu Ziqing has a vivid famous saying of his godson: It is useless to let children love to run on the right path and not let them be under the wings of an old hen like chickens.
Zhu Ziqing is an intellectual with independent personality, and he certainly hopes that the children will do the same. His third son, Zhu, joined the China Democratic Youth League when he was still in high school, and joined the China Production Party in the same year. Before graduating from high school, he obeyed the organizational arrangement and took part in the revolutionary work. He recalled: the father in his later years was really pure in the towel of our children. He respects our political choices and never interferes. When he asks us to do anything for him, we should say please and thank you. This is not common courtesy, but comes from a deeper respect and concern for our personality. The righteousness left by my father is really inexhaustible for our lives.