Original text: The pavilion is named after rain, which means happiness. In ancient times, when people were happy, they used names and objects to show that they would not forget. Zhou Gong got the grain and named it after his book[2]; Han Wu got the tripod and named it after his year[3]; his uncle Sun Shengdi named after his son[4]. His happiness varies in size, which shows that he never forgets one.
In the next year of Fufeng [5], he began to manage the official residence. A pavilion was built to the north of the hall, and a pond was dug to the south to divert the water and plant trees to serve as a resting place. In the spring of this year, it rains wheat in the sun of Qishan[6], and it lasts for several years[7]. Now that there is no rain[8] during the whole month, the people feel worried. In the third month of the month, it rains in Yimao and again in Jiazi, but the people think it is not enough. It rains heavily in Ding Mao and stops in three days [9]. Officials are celebrating with each other in the court, businessmen are with each other singing songs in the market, farmers are with each other and are dissatisfied in the wild[10], those who are worried are happy[11], and those who are sick are recovering, and my pavilion is suitable for it.
So he put the wine on the pavilion and told him as a guest [12], "Is it okay if there is no rain for five days?" He said: 'If there is no rain for five days, there will be no wheat.' If there is no rain for ten days, there will be no wheat. Is it okay? He said: "If there is no rain for ten days, there will be no grain." There will be no wheat or grain, and there will be hunger [13]. Prison lawsuits are rampant and thieves are raging. So, although I and my two or three sons want to enjoy this pavilion, Is it possible to leave the people alone today and give them rain when the drought begins? Even if I and my two or three sons want to enjoy this pavilion [14], how can we forget it?" p>
It is named after the pavilion, and it is also a song based on it, saying: "Let the sky rain drops, and those who are cold will not be able to think of it as sarong; let the sky rain jade, and those who are hungry will not be able to think of it as millet. If it rains for three days, who will be affected by it?" Power? The people say that it is the emperor. The emperor says that it is not the result of the creation. It belongs to the universe and cannot be named. "[Edit this paragraph] Notes [1] Zhi, record, later written as "Zhi".
[2] Uncle Tang, the younger brother of King Zhou Cheng, got a different crop. This kind of grass grows on different acres, but they combine to produce one ear. So he presented it to King Cheng, who gave it to Duke Zhou. After Zhou Gong received the harvest, he wrote an article called "Jiahe". The text of "Jiahe" has been lost, and only the title of the chapter remains in "Shangshu" today. ("Shang Shu·Zhou Shu·Wei Zi's Ming")
[3] According to "Han Shu·Wudi Ji", in May of the first year of Yuan Ding (116 BC), the treasure tripod was obtained in Fenshui, so the Yuan Dynasty was changed to the first year of Yuanding. "Tongjian Kaoyi" believes that the treasure tripod should be obtained in the fourth year of Yuanding, and the year name of Yuanding was changed later.
[4] In the eleventh year of Duke Wen of Lu, Shanhao of Northern Di attacked Lu. Duke Wen of Lu sent his uncle and grandson Dechen to defend the enemy. He defeated Shanhao and killed his king Qiaoru, so he named his son As a foreigner, you can show your merit.
[5] Fufeng, that is, Fengxiang Mansion, now Fengxiang Mansion, Shaanxi. Su Shi once served as a judge in Fengxiang Mansion and took office in the sixth year of Jiayou (1061 AD). Next year, year two.
[6] It rains wheat, and the sky rains wheat. Qishan, now Qishan County, Shaanxi Province.
[7] Divination, divination. Year after year, year after year. There is a year, which means a good harvest. People don't know whether Yumai is "auspicious", so they do divination.
[8]Mi, full. Miyue, the whole month. Rain, rain (verb).
[9] Yi Mao, the second day of April; Jiazi, the eleventh day of April; Ding Mao, the fourteenth day of April.
[10] Wei (bian, 4 sounds), happy, like.
[11] With, preposition, because, the object is omitted.
[12] Genus (zhu, 3 sounds), note, discretion. Belonging to guests, refers to pouring wine for guests to drink.
[13] Recommended, important. Famine, repeated famine.
[14] Youyou, with overlapping rhymes and continuous characters, looks calm and unhurried.
[15] Creation, Creator. [Edit this paragraph] Translation This pavilion is named after rain to commemorate the happy event. In ancient times, when there was a happy event, it was used to name things to express the meaning of not forgetting it. When the Duke of Zhou received the rice crop as a reward from the emperor, he used "Jiahe" as the title of his article; when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty received the treasure tripod, he used "Yuan Ding" as the title of his reign; when his uncle and grandson Dechen defeated Qiao Ru, a Di man, he used Qiao Ru as his title. Son's name. The size of their happy events is different, but the meaning of not forgetting them is the same.
I started building the official residence only in the second year after I arrived in Fufeng. I built a pavilion on the north side of the main hall, dug a pond on the south side, diverted water, planted trees, and used it as a resting place. place. In the spring of this year, it rained wheat in the south of Qishan Mountain. According to divination, it was believed that this year would be a good one. However, it did not rain for a whole month, and the people became worried.
On the Yimao day of March, it rained all day, and on the Jiazi day, it rained again, but the people thought it wasn't enough; on the Dingmao day, it rained heavily again, lasting for three days before it stopped. The officials celebrated together in the courtyard, the merchants sang together in the market, the farmers laughed together in the fields, the sad people were happy, the sick were healed, and my pavilion was just built.
So I raised a glass to the guests in the pavilion and asked them: "'Is it okay if it doesn't rain for five days?' You will answer: 'If it doesn't rain for five days, wheat won't grow." "Is it okay if it doesn't rain for ten days?" You will answer: "If it doesn't rain for ten days, we can't grow rice." Without wheat and rice, the harvest will be poor, there will be many lawsuits, and thieves will be there. So even if you and I want to have fun on this pavilion, is it possible? Now that God has not abandoned the people here, it rains as soon as there is a drought, so that you and I can have fun together on this pavilion. It all depends on the gift of the rain! How can this be forgotten?" After naming the pavilion after it, he continued to sing about it. The lyrics say: "If pearls are sent down from the sky, those who are cold cannot use them as short coats; if white jade is sent down from the sky, those who are hungry cannot use them as food. It rained for three days, whose strength is this?" ? The people said it was the prefect, but the prefect said it was due to the emperor, but the emperor also denied it. The creator did not attribute it to his own work, and the space was vague and could not be named. It, so I use it to name my pavilion. [Edit this paragraph] Explanation: This essay is written closely with the three words "Xiyu Pavilion", either separately, or jointly, or citing ancient historical facts to highlight it, or using The question and answer between the host and the guest is used to exaggerate, and the thinking is broad, conveying a feeling of uncontrollable joy. [Edit this paragraph] Appreciation Su Shi was appointed as the signing judge of Fengxiang Mansion in the sixth year of Jiayou (1061), and the construction of this pavilion coincided with the wedding in the second year. It rained in spring, so it was named "Xiyu Pavilion". The article starts from the reason why the pavilion was named, describes the process of building the pavilion, expresses people's joy when rain comes after a long drought, and reflects the author's Confucian philosophy of benevolent government that values ??agriculture and the people. The article has flexible syntax and lively writing style, and expresses opinions easily and implicitly in humorous dialogues, giving people a feeling of lightness and ease.
"Xiyuting Ji" was written by Su Shi in the sixth year of Jiayou (1061 AD). It was written when he was a judge in Fengxiang Mansion. The full text is only about 500 words and only four short paragraphs, but it has a strange color.
"Xiyu Pavilion" is one of Su Shi's works. This prose work, no matter in terms of the prose form it uses, or the content it expresses and the artistic feeling it gives, is an artistic masterpiece worthy of our attention.
"Happy Rain". The word appeared earlier in history. "Spring and Autumn Gu Liang Zhuan" said, "If it doesn't rain in April, it will be rainy, and if it rains in June, it will rain." This is the first time the word "happy rain" appears. The word "happy" is used to illustrate people's feelings and comments about rain, so "Erya" says: "When the sweet rain falls, all the people are happy, and it is called Youli Spring". "Liquan" is also called rain, which contains the meaning of "happy rain". There is an article in "Zhuangzi" that talks about a heavy rain in the Spring and Autumn Period: "During the reign of King Jinggong of Song Dynasty, there was a severe drought. According to divination, it will be rain when people are sacrificed. The duke came down to the hall and paused, saying: "The reason why I ask for rain is because I am a human being. It is not allowed to kill people now." Take it upon yourself. ' Before I finished speaking, it rained heavily for thousands of miles. "This kind of rain can be said to be a happy rain. It saves people from the suffering of hanging upside down and is closely related to people's livelihood. Therefore, literary works of all dynasties have recited it. From the "Book of Songs", Cao Zhi, Xie Zhuang, Xie Tiao , Bao Zhao and others all wrote some poems about "happy rain". Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty even wrote poems with the theme of "happy rain" such as "happy rain on a spring night", "happy rain" and "happy rain at my uncle's house in Baishui Mingfu". There are also a few people who sing about the happy rain in the form of Fu, such as Fu Xian of the Jin Dynasty, Fu Liang of the Six Dynasties and Song Dynasty, Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Shuo, and Jia Den's "Happy Rain Fu". It is difficult to say that it is famous, but the kind of poem that brings sweet rain to the people is a good omen. The joy of a good harvest in the future and a life without worries is probably the most famous of which is Du Fu's "Sneaking into the night with the wind, moistening things silently"
It is strange. Unfortunately, it is rare in the history of literature to write Xiyu in the form of prose. Therefore, Su Shi's prose "The Story of Xiyu Pavilion" is very prominent, of course, if it is just because it has not been written by predecessors. It is not surprising that he has contributed to the history of literature by writing on this subject.
Once later generations take over the writing and surpass the works of their predecessors, then the former will only have a little value in literary history but not any eternal value in art. This is not the case with Su Shi's "Happy Rain Pavilion", because it itself has high artistic value and has many things to appreciate. Perhaps it was this that made later writers hesitate to move forward and willingly let Su Shi stand out.
The beginning of the article points out the reason for naming it with "rain", which is closely connected with the word "happiness". He first quoted three events in history as a foreshadowing, explaining that when ancient people had happy events, they often named them after this happy event to commemorate the happy event, or to foreshadow a succession of happy events in the future. All three are interesting. Because they are all related to the country's politics, and they do not contain the relationship between heaven and man to some extent. The first thing is that it is said that Tang Shu, the younger brother of King Cheng of Zhou, got a different crop and dedicated it to King Cheng. King Cheng transferred the grain to Duke Zhou. Duke Zhou then wrote an article called "Jiahe". The second thing is that in May 116 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty obtained a precious tripod on the Fen River, so he changed the name of the year to the first year of Yuanding. The third thing is that in the eleventh year of Duke Wen of Lu, Beidi Shanhao attacked Lu. Duke Wen of Lu sent his uncle and grandson Dechen to fight against the enemy. He won and captured the king Qiaoru, so he named his son Qiaoru. This last incident is almost puzzling to modern people. Why did you use the name of your enemy as your son's name? This is something worth studying. In any case, this is the author's foreshadowing for Yu Zhiting. With this foreshadowing, it makes sense to describe Shi Heyu. This is just like the syllogism of major premise and minor premise in logic. With the major premise, the following words are much easier to say and easier for people to accept.
In the second year when Su Shi took office in Fengxiang Mansion, he built official buildings, administered administrative affairs, dug ponds to divert water, and beautified the environment. However, unfortunately, there was no rain in the area for a whole month, drought appeared, and the disaster began. It will be an inevitable result. Looking at the clouds in the early morning, one can imagine the sorrow of the people. Here, it just shows the ingenuity of Su Shi's writing. We know that when Su Shi wrote "Hou Chibi Fu", he once said that he was lonely and quiet, and two friends happened to come; the frost and dew fell, the bright moon was alluring, and the cup was empty when he wanted to drink, and the good wife happened to offer it. The wine has been treasured for a long time; there was no food to drink with it, but the guest laughed and took out the fresh water. Everything is so coincidental and so satisfying. The same is true here. The people were looking forward to rain, and the result was "Yimao is rain, Jiazi is raining again." This kind of sentence is light and simple, but not boring. It is very similar to the language in oracle bone inscriptions, but the oracle bone inscriptions are about divination, asking questions, The prediction is provided here truthfully, so this sentence is fascinating to read. Is it enough? "The people thought it was not enough. The heavy rain of Dingmao stopped after three days!" According to Yimao, it is the second day of April, Jiazi is the eleventh day of April, and Dingmao is the fourteenth day of April. It rained three times in a row within half a month. The first two times were insufficient, and the third time it rained for three days in a row. It goes down thoroughly, it goes down enough, it goes down truly. To say good rain, happy rain, this can really be called good rain, happy rain! Du Fu's "Sneaking into the night with the wind, moistening things silently" always makes people feel that it is too subtle and not grand enough. Here we must pay attention to the effect of the sentence "The people thought it was not enough". Only after this suppression and fall, and then the subsequent three days of heavy rain, can the effect be shown. Without such a sentence, of course it can be established, but it reads much more flatly.
The joyful atmosphere created by this heavy rain is considerable: "Officials celebrated with each other in the court, merchants sang with each other in the market, farmers were frustrated with each other in the fields, those who were worried were happy, and those who were sick were healed... …”. This is a festive picture in which all the people are enjoying the joy of the officials and the people. Compared with Ouyang Xiu's joy of the governor and the people, it is really different, because Ouyang Xiu's joy has not been implemented in reality. Love, but Su Shi is writing truthfully here. We seem to be integrated into the scene of joyful rain together with Su Shi. Only in this way is it logical and truly meaningful for Su Shi to name the newly completed pavilion "Xiyu".
The name of the pavilion has its own origin. Once it is explained clearly, it will be the end of the song and the good things can be said. But Su Shi has made a good article here again. Whether it is said that he is good at making surprises or that he dares to trace his roots, no matter what, the author shows amazing artistic skills here. The author turns his writing around and explores Xiyu from the negative side in the form of questions. The winding path leads to a secluded place. Let us imagine that maybe this is the only way to continue writing about this rain. But Su Shi found it. It is not necessarily a coincidence of skill, but it may be Su Shi's real skill. The article says: "Is it okay to go without rain for five days? It is said: If there is no rain for five days, there will be no wheat."
...Is it okay if there is no rain for ten days? It is said: If there is no rain for ten days, there will be no crops. "There is no wheat and no crops, hunger is everywhere, thieves are swarming, and the people are suffering. But in less than five days, less than ten days, the rain comes suddenly, benefiting our people, how can we say that it is not God's kindness to the common people? Add this paragraph , the article seems very substantial and plump, and in the comparison, I feel that the rain is even more gratifying.
Writing here, Su Shi began to sing and dance, but he also used the song to make the sky rain. , those who are cold should not think of it as sarong; if it rains jade from the sky, those who are hungry should not think of it as millet. If it rains for three days, who can do it? The people say that there is a prefect, but the prefect does not have one; return it to the emperor, and the emperor says no; return it to creation, creation Don't take it as a merit; return it to space, space is dark, and it cannot be named, so I named it my pavilion. "You see, he still landed on the pavilion, advancing step by step, feinting in front of the prefect, the emperor, creation and space, and took a moment to find out a sentence, let These people all remained silent one by one, humbly rejecting this honor. What a beautiful word, all the princes have received it, and then put it into practice. In this case, let us name the pavilion after Xiyu. One imaginary, one real, one advancing, Xiang Zhuang's sword dance is always about Pei Gong.
The author sticks to the word "rain" and the word "happiness" in the article of less than 500 words. In the poem, the word "rain" appears fifteen times, twice as a verb, and "xi" and "乐" appear six times. There is a joyous atmosphere for rain throughout.
In ancient China, starting from Mencius, the emperor and officials had to have the idea of ??enjoying themselves and the people. Many people wrote this kind of works, but not many wrote it well. Ouyang Xiu's "Drunk". "Weng Ting Ji" is one of them, and Su Shi's article is better. It is good because it is implemented and not empty.
This article also has something worth noting about the wording. 1. There are many parallel sentences. For example, in the first paragraph, the author gives three examples to illustrate that the ancients used famous things to remember happy events. The three examples are three parallel sentences. With the help of this syntax, the reader has a sense of literary meaning. The reasoning is thorough and the feeling of satisfaction is fulfilled. The second paragraph describes the happy scenes of the people after the heavy rain and the "raindrops" and "rainyu" in the fourth paragraph also use the form of parallelism when people are overjoyed and dance. At this time, there must be some changes in the text, and it is impossible to be eye-catching with the order of the text. 2. The ending of "Xiyu Pavilion" is very interesting, it not only reflects the beginning, but also gives people a feeling. There are many associations worthy of our attention. Su Shi's philosophical thought is the integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. In his poems, sentences that ask questions about nature often appear to express his outlook on life and his broad-minded and optimistic feelings. After this heavy rain, who should I thank? The imagination he unfolds here is from the prefect to the emperor, from the emperor to heaven, and from heaven to creation. Among them, "jade" and "millet" rhyme, and "ri" and "li" rhyme. "Gong" rhymes with "empty", "ming" rhymes with "name", and the reading has the feeling of endless circulation and system. It is full of energy, elegant and beautiful, but it is a virtual pen, and the real purpose is to reduce it to its small details. A small pavilion, in this way, connects creation, heaven, the emperor, the prefect, and the people with the help of the "rain" of "happy". It has the flavor of singing, and the person singing is still happy rain. The meaning of an article Where the subject lies.
Why was Guanzhong so rich in ancient times but unknown in modern times, especially after the Tang Dynasty when humanities were in decline? Is it because our race has degenerated? I recently read (History of Immigration in the Tang Dynasty) and I seem to have found part of the answer. During the wave of immigrants from the late Tang Dynasty to the early Song Dynasty, the Guanzhong area bore the brunt, with a large number of people migrating eastward, first through Luoyang, and then to Suzhou, Yangzhou and other canal areas. The well-known great writer Fan Zhongyan was originally from Bin County, Shaanxi Province, but he was a native of Suzhou. However, we can still feel the heroic writing style of his Shaanxi descendants from his literary works. Fan Zhongyan later served as an official in Shaanxi for many years and served his hometown. In fact, in Wu County (today's Suzhou area) at the end of the Tang Dynasty, 1/3 of the northern immigrants already existed. In fact, whether it is from Haojing in the Western Zhou Dynasty to Luoyi in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty; or from Chang'an in the Western Han Dynasty to Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty; from when Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang to when Wu Zetian lived in Luoyang for 42 years, the population migration from the Guanzhong area to Luoyang has always been one-way. And there was another move to the southeast. There is also Gu Yanwu, a native of Kunshan in the Ming Dynasty, who stayed in Huashan for many years and wrote the wonderful line "Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world." Writing this, I have to mention the great writer Su Dongpo. Su Dongpo first served as a signing judge in Fengxiang Mansion, which is my hometown of Fengxiang, Shaanxi. Fengxiang was the Xijing of the Tang Dynasty and was once a gathering place for talents and nobles in the late Tang Dynasty.
Su Dongpo first served as a signing judge in Fengxiang Mansion for three years. It can be said that it had a great impact on his life value. It was precisely because of the simple folk customs of his hometown and the influence of the culture of his hometown where Zhou and Qin culture originated, that they had an impact on his writing style. If the most difficult thing for a person to forget is his first love, then Su Dongpo can't forget the good times in Fengxiang either. So when he was later demoted to Huangzhou, he met Chen Jichang, a young knight in Fengxiang. The two of them still recalled the time in Fengxiang. The scene of galloping horses in Beishan; there is also the "Yinfeng Pond" (Fengxiang East Lake) built by Fengxiang, which was later successfully cloned in Hangzhou West Lake and Huizhou West Lake in Guangdong. The famous "Happy Rain Pavilion" reflects his idea of ??having great harmony with the people.