Qilu culture can play an important role in China traditional culture, and its cohesion and vitality come from its basic spirit. The basic spirit of Qilu culture can be summarized as follows: the vigorous spirit of self-improvement, the patriotic spirit of advocating integrity, the spirit of saving the world, the dynamic spirit of man conquering nature, the people-oriented spirit of valuing the people and neglecting the people, the humanitarian spirit of being kind to the people, the selfless group spirit, and the diligent and wise creative spirit. These are of great significance to the formation of our nation's excellent traditional spirit. Integrity, that is, ambition and moral integrity, refers to the quality of insisting on justice and truth and preferring death rather than giving in to evil. Among integrity, national integrity is the most important. National integrity is the moral basis of patriotism, which takes safeguarding the interests of the nation and the state as the highest principle, showing indomitable spirit of struggle and strong consciousness of caring for the country and the people. At this point, Qilu philosophers have the same characteristics, and they have created the patriotic spirit of Qilu culture, but Confucianism is the most prominent one. The son has a famous saying that "the three armed forces can win the handsome, but the ordinary man can't win the ambition" ("The Analects of Confucius, Zi Han"), and Mencius has a saying that "wealth can't be immoral. Poor people can't move, and power can't bend "("Mencius: Gong Sunchou "). Holes and jars mean what they say. Confucius traveled around the world, hitting a wall everywhere, poor in Song Dynasty, trapped between Zheng and Chen Cai. "In Chen unique food, from the disease, can't xing. When Zilu saw it, he said,' Even a gentleman is poor?' Confucius said:' The gentleman is poor, but the villain is poor and extravagant. "(The Analects of Confucius Wei Linggong), continue to play the piano and sing. In the face of rape, Kong Gan showed dauntless spirit, such as the meeting of Jia Gu in Qilu in 5 BC. Qi You Si Li Mi tried to hijack Lu Jun (Dinggong) in the name of offering dance music. At this critical juncture, Confucius "climbed through the stairs, not equal to others, for example", severely criticized the monarch and ministers of Qi State with courtesy, foiled the conspiracy of Qi people, defended the security of Lu Jun and safeguarded the dignity of Lu State. (See Historical Records, Confucius Family) In the face of truth, Confucius is "never tired of learning" and "quick to do it". He founded private schools to teach disciples, sorted out cultural heritage and created ideological culture, which made an indelible contribution to the construction of our national culture. Confucius is a great national hero, and his thoughts are always shining with patriotism.
Mencius, on the other hand, cultivated "integrity and integrity", filled the spirit of heaven and earth, promoted his kingship, took the governance of the world as his own responsibility, and put forward the idea of "being happy and worrying about the world" (Five Chapters of Mencius Liang Hui), in order to pursue truth and safeguard justice, he could give up his life and forget his death.
Guan zhong has been controversial since ancient times. He and Zhao suddenly assisted Gong Zijiu. After Gong Zijiu died, Zhao suddenly died, but Guan Zhong did not die, which turned against Xiao Bai, the son of his revenge, that is, Qi Huangong. Therefore, some people criticized him. Confucius' students Zi Lu and Zi Gong put forward that Guan Zhong was "not benevolent?" The problem. Confucius promised Guan Zhong kindness, saying, "Be as kind as it is! As it is! " And he said, "Guan Zhong was a duke, a tyrant and a conqueror, and the people have been blessed by him until now. Wei Guanzhong, I am left behind. If you think it's a mistake, you don't know it when you're in the ditch. " ("The Analects of Confucius, Xian Wen") Guan Zhong himself explained that he did not die of Gong Zijiu's disaster because he was "not ashamed of the details and his fame was not obvious to the world." Guan Zhong's "fame" is connected with governing the world. He was a duke, a tyrant, a conqueror of the world, respected the king, saved Xing, saved Wei, established Cao, and chased Rong and Di to the north, thus defending the peace and civilization of the Central Plains. Compared with the owner who died of one person and one surname, this is the overall situation and a major festival of the nation-state. Confucius' benevolence is the affirmation of his great festival, so Guan Zhong's patriotism is deep and can't be understood by people who are loyal to the monarch and the Lord.
Other Qilu philosophers and their thoughts also showed different forms and different degrees of patriotic action and patriotism. Cao Gui recommended himself, led the troops to defeat Qi, and defended Lu. Sun Bin defeated Wei in Guiling and Maling, and defended Qi. Xin Lingjun stole the symbol to save Zhao, which not only saved Zhao, but also strengthened Wei. These are a type of patriotic actions. Lu Zhonglian was unfaithful to the Qin Dynasty. He used his three-inch golden tongue to solve the siege of Chu Nanyang, retreated the soldiers of the Gaotang Dynasty, but invaded the 1, people of the Yan State in Liaocheng. Chunyu Kun "made several governors without humiliation"; Zi Gong's mission did not disgrace your life, and there was a miracle of "once he came out, he saved Lu, destroyed Wu, weakened Qi, strengthened Jin and conquered Yue"; Yan Zi is good at rhetoric and making friends with others, which makes Chu fight with the enemy, increases Qi's national prestige, and Mozi runs around the clock to eliminate wars and other diplomatic activities. He is also a patriotic type. Mr. Ji Xia's "writing books to deal with chaos in order to govern the world" (Historical Records, Biographies of Mencius and Xun Qing) and his creation of cultural thoughts are another type of patriotic performance. Confucius, Mencius, Mo Jixia and others all do education, cultivate talents and spread science and culture, which is also a kind of patriotic act. In a word, patriotism takes many forms, and the key is whether we can celebrate the whole festival in do or die, showing the spirit of "it is better to die than to die", "to die a martyr" and "to sacrifice one's life for justice". In this respect, Qilu philosophers have left us brilliant thoughts and exemplary actions. This basic spirit of Qilu culture has played a great positive role in the unity and consolidation of our country and the unity and cohesion of our nation, and has also become one of the basic spirits of our nation. The Chinese nation advocates collectivism, sociability, harmony, unity and selflessness.
the spirit of collectivism is another dominant spirit of Qilu philosophers and schools. First of all, Guanzhong Taoist School attaches great importance to gregarious, united and united. They believe that gregariousness, unity and unity are the source of strength and the foundation of defeating the enemy. Although Guan Zhong and Guan Zhong's Taoist school tend to be overbearing, their academic thoughts are basically based on hegemony, but they emphasize "harmony between people" and "concentricity".
Mohist school takes the world as its own responsibility, emphasizing "promoting the benefits of the world, eliminating the harm of the world" and taking "altruism", "benefiting others" and "selflessness" as the limits, which can be said to be a typical example of selflessness. However, it is far worse than Confucianism in the overall system of theory. First of all, Confucius separated "harmony" and "similarity" and emphasized that "gentlemen are harmonious but different" (The Analects of Confucius. Zi Lu) established a theoretical basis for his thought of gregarious. Secondly, Confucius put forward the ideal of "Great Harmony" that "the world is for the public" on the basis of summarizing predecessors' thoughts about collectivism. And drew the blueprint of his ideal society, that is, the words "Confucius said:' The trip to the avenue is also for the public ..." contained in the Book of Rites. This kind of ideal society is naturally utopian, but it has brought the spirit of "selfless" collectivism to a high level, which makes people yearn for it, and regards it as a noble pursuit, striving for it, attracting and condensing our national groups, and constantly advancing under the realistic "well-off" goal designed by him.
after Confucius, another master of Confucianism, Xunzi, raised collectivism to the height of human rationality. "Xunzi Wang Zhi" says: "Fire and water are alive but not alive, plants are alive but ignorant, animals are knowledgeable but meaningless, and people are alive and righteous, so it is the most expensive in the world. Force is not like an ox, walking is not like a horse, and cattle and horses are used. Why? Yue: people can group, but they can't group. How can people group? Say: points. How can it be done? Yue: Righteousness. Therefore, righteousness is divided into points, and harmony is one, and one strength is strong, and strength is strong, and strength is superior to things. ""Therefore, life cannot be without groups. ""When the group is right, everything will be appropriate, and all six animals will have their long lives. "
In cultural discussions, the idea of group spirit or collectivism of our nation is often negatively criticized, and it is considered that it restricts the development of individual humanity. However, we believe that the formation of selfless group spirit and collectivism concept is by no means without cause. It is an idea summed up by our nation in the development of thousands of years of civilization and history. It has already become one of our nation's outstanding traditional spirits, which has a profound impact on our nation's psychological mentality, values, ethics and way of thinking, and plays a great positive role in the development of our country and nation. First of all, the cohesion of our nation, the unity of our people and the unity of our country are irrefutable despite the impact of foreign nationalities and cultures, and the team spirit has played an important role. Secondly, the collective concept of selflessness has inspired generations of people with lofty ideals to devote themselves to the country, the nation and the people, to self-denial, to forget their lives, to be righteous and to die bravely. Thirdly, although China's ancient ideal of "Great Harmony for All" was unscientific, it was spiritually related to the future socialist ideal. Marxist theory of scientific * * * productism can take root, blossom and bear fruit in China, a land nurtured by ancient culture, which is inseparable from the internal spiritual connection between them. It is also significant for China's modernization to explore China's selfless group spirit. The reason why Qilu ancient culture is prosperous, talented and full of sages is superior to other regions, besides the superior natural conditions, the motive force of ethnic integration and the above-mentioned basic spirit, there is another point worthy of in-depth study, that is, the diligent and wise creative spirit in Qilu culture, which is often ignored by people. This spirit is not only manifested in hundred schools of thought of Qilu in the pre-Qin period, but also in the inventions of Dongyi people in prehistoric times.
There are many inventions of Dongyi people in prehistoric times, ranging from the inventions of bows, arrows, boats and cars, to the creations of fish, hunting, agriculture, animal husbandry, brewing and smelting technologies, and to the discoveries and creations of astronomy, geography, laws, rituals and music systems. According to literature records and historical legends. Most of them have never left the East. Archaeological data, documentary records and historical legends collected are generally credible (see the second part for details). Because the Dongyi people are hardworking, brave, intelligent and good at invention and creation, and they are also famous for their kindness, humility and prudence. Diligence leads to cleverness and skill, while humility leads to progress; Kindness is tolerant, good at and easy to absorb foreign cultures, and learn from others to make up for their own shortcomings, so the prehistoric Dongyi people invented and created mostly.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Qilu region seems to reproduce the era of prehistoric Dongyi culture prosperity. Guan Zhong was a great politician. Guan Zhong's reform was a grand creation project, with great achievements in politics, economy, culture, education and military affairs. Confucius was a great thinker and educator. In the past, people were bound by the doctrine of "telling without doing" and thought that he was only the inheritance and imparting of culture. In fact, his ideological and cultural innovation was comprehensive and unparalleled. Take the traditional culture of rites and music in China as an example. It is generally believed that it was created by the Duke of Zhou, and Confucius was only a "follower" of the Zhou Dynasty. Yes, Duke Zhou was the initiator of the culture of rites and music, but the culture of rites and music in the Zhou Dynasty had already collapsed in the Spring and Autumn Period, although Confucius himself said, "It's depressing! I learned from Zhou "(The Analects of Confucius Eight Shu), but I'm afraid Confucius himself can't tell what the rites and music of Zhou Gong were like, just looking for an authoritative support for his own innovation. Confucius' cultural thought of rites and music is entirely his creation. The cultural tradition of rites and music spread by later generations is actually a set of Confucius. It is appropriate for Confucius to be regarded as the most holy teacher.
Qi's military science is unique and unparalleled in other countries. Sun Tzu's masterpiece, The Art of War, is the oldest and most influential military code in the world.
In terms of science and technology, the main achievements in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are also Qilu. Luban is not only a skillful craftsman, but also an inventor. Legend has it that he invented saws, umbrellas, etc.
In astronomy, Gander of Qi is second to none in China. His astronomical works and the works of Wei Ren Shi Shen are combined into one book, called Gan Shi Xing Jing. Both of them have their own strengths, but in general, Gan's is earlier and higher than Shi's.
In terms of geography, Zou Yan's Kyushu said that although it was inferred from the near and far, and "from the small to the big" and imagination, it cannot be said that he was not a scientific speculation based on later geographical discoveries. At the same time, his profound observation of the changes of Yin and Yang and his theory of "the end of five virtues" also have a deep foundation in astronomy.
In medicine, Qin Yueren, an imperial doctor, was born in Zheng Yang, and no one could match him at that time.