The main theme of Zhuangzi's "De Chong Fu" is about what is a state of life full of morality. The first two fables illustrate that a person with abundant moral character is not shackled by external appearances, fame and fortune, transcends the material world, and reaches a state of life and death that accommodates all things and encompasses all things.

Let’s continue to look at the wisdom of Zhuangzi contained in the remaining four chapters.

Chapter 3

Uncle Shanwu, a Wu from the state of Lu, visited Confucius, but was despised and questioned by Confucius, so he argued with Confucius. He also met with Laozi and expressed his views on Confucius. Extract a few words of wisdom:

1. I am ignorant of my duties and use my body lightly

Even though the body is a guest, it should be well taken care of and preserved, and should not be wasted carelessly. In this world, a healthy body is the most important, and everything else is secondary. A healthy body is the foundation of everything.

2. Nothing in the sky cannot be overthrown, nothing in the earth cannot be contained.

Heaven and earth are all-encompassing. People say that their minds are like the sea, and heaven and earth cover many seas. We should learn from heaven and earth.

3. Qi Qi is famous for being a weird and phantom person, but he doesn't know why people are so shackles on him.

People with high moral standards regard knowledge and reputation as shackles and thorns that bind their lives.

4. Take life and death as a rule, take what is possible and what is not possible as a consistent rule, and remove the shackles.

Life and death are just a process, just like flowers blooming and falling, they will still bloom next year. After life and death, all encounters, right and wrong in life can be seen away. After you understand yourself and have your own way of settling down and establishing your own life, you can gradually break away from the constraints of the world.

5. Heaven's punishment can be resolved safely.

This is the words of Confucius who lamented without toes. In fact, Confucius should be a man of enlightenment, but Confucius was eager to save the world, and he did not sacrifice his life to be benevolent for the sake of saving the world and the people. Just like Sakyamuni, he remained in the world to preach the Dharma and save people after attaining enlightenment. He was just as great and kind, and so was Zhuangzi. The world in dire straits needs these compassionate and enlightened people, so that some people can have peace of mind.

Chapter 4

Wei Guo mourns him. He has no power, no profit, no appearance, no words to say, but everyone close to him wants to belong to him and surrender to him. Even Duke Ai of Lu, the king of Lu, wanted to entrust the country to him. Duke Ai of Lu asked Confucius why Ai Ti was so magical. Learn this wisdom from Confucius’s reply.

1. If you don't see yourself, you won't be able to imitate yourself. He who loves his mother does not love his form, but loves his form.

Appearance is the carrier of the soul. When the soul is separated and there is no soul that was originally known and recognized in this shape, this shape becomes strange. What you love should be love for the spirit that dominates the body, love for the soul in the body.

2. A person with perfect appearance is enough for you, but what is more, a person with perfect virtue.

It is important to have a good appearance, but it is even more important to have strong inner morals. A perfectly virtuous person is beautiful both internally and externally.

A person's character cultivation and spiritual sublimation are what "De Chong Fu" aims to promote.

3. What is talent?

Make it as smooth as Yutong without losing its value. To make the day and night never end, and to be like spring with things, is to connect the time and space in the heart.

To have enough wisdom to prevent the heart from being limited by time and space, from being affected by the external world, and from changes in world affairs, so that the heart can reach a state of eternal peace, comfort, and joy, this is the abundance of morality. . This is called complete talent.

Religious Taoist famous saying: There is no other way for gods and immortals to produce only joy and not sorrow. If you maintain a happy state of mind at all times and have no worries in your mind, your state of mind will always be as beautiful as spring, and you will reach the realm of gods.

A truly moral person has all three of them: talent (talent), virtue (natural morality), and learning (knowledge).

4. What does virtue have no form?

Said: The level is when the water stops. It can be a law, and it can be protected internally and not be shaken. Virtue is the cultivation of harmony. If virtue is intangible, things cannot be separated.

A person who is full of moral integrity will not show it on the outside. When the knowledge is profound, the spirit is calm and indifferent. The mind stops at the clear waves, the clear water is clear, and no matter how disturbed the external world is, it remains calm and peaceful.

Such pure and beautiful cultivation naturally attracts all things, attaches itself to it, and refuses to let go.

Chapter 5

Two strange-looking people with broken bones and no lips, a urn or a big gall, persuaded the king of a country. I feel that everyone is different. Let’s see how Zhuangzi analyzes it.

1. When one's virtue grows, one's form is forgotten. People do not forget what they have forgotten, but forget what they have forgotten. This is called sincere forgetfulness.

What is really attractive is to appreciate the inner cultivation, character and moral knowledge, and forget about the appearance, not caring about the appearance. But people often focus on the outside, ignore the cultivation of the heart, and forget the fundamentals.

2. When a saint travels, he realizes that he is a sin, he is a bond, virtue is a bond, and work is a trade.

This is the continuation of Laozi’s thoughts in the Tao Te Ching. The state of mind of a person who has attained the Tao is free and easy. He is not bound by worldly morality and knowledge, nor is he bound by worldly rules and regulations. Carefree and elegant, free and easy.

3. It has the form of a human being and the emotion of no one. It has the form of a human being, so it is a group of people. There is no love for anyone, so right and wrong cannot be controlled by oneself. It’s so small, so it belongs to humans! It's so great, it's unique.

Tao and appearance, heaven and earth, and heaven and earth educate people. Although they live in groups, they can think independently of the crowd, do not disturb the right and wrong of the crowd, and have their own independent values ??of life.

Chapter 6

The debate between Zhuangzi and Huizi about human relationships.

Let’s take a look at Zhuangzi’s wisdom:

1. Zhuangzi said: This is not what I call love. What I call ruthless means that people do not harm their bodies internally with their likes and dislikes, which is often detrimental to health due to nature.

Zhuangzi told us not to damage our own nature (innate nature) with worldly thoughts, fame and wealth, sounds, colors, and hobbies. Learn to cherish life, cherish yourself, follow nature, have no mind of distinction, right and wrong, and live a peaceful and stable life.

The Buddha said that all sentient beings, in order to confuse sentient beings, fail to cherish life and health well, and are greedy for right and wrong, and fall into dire straits and fires, damaging their spirit, spirit, and life, and they cannot compensate for the loss. Everything in the world should be kept for oneself, for use and pleasure, rather than being infatuated and hurting the body and mind.

However, all living beings are ordinary beings. The seven emotions and six desires have long been deeply rooted. It is necessary to practice great wisdom to dissolve stubbornness, restore natural life itself, and return to the original state of a pure baby. There is no consciousness, only the function of life itself. This is what Zhuangzi calls ruthlessness. If you are ruthless, you will not harm your body internally. However, how many people in the world can do this? All are sentient beings. Even Lao Zhuang and Buddha can't cross it.

2. Today, the spirit of the son is more than the spirit of the son, and the essence of the son is the spirit of the son. He leans against the tree and chants, and leans against the bald tree to relax. The shape of Heaven's chosen son is strong and white.

There are many colorful things in the world that can be used at your disposal to please your mood and nature, and nourish your spirit within. Instead of indulging in it, using it externally and putting the cart before the horse. Live naturally, with light and dust, without stubbornness or delusion.

This article "De Chong Fu" mainly talks about paying attention to the inner nature of human beings, and expounds the so-called virtues that can embody the origin and integrity of life in the universe through the stories of people with incomplete bodies who have sufficient virtues. , People with this virtue will naturally reveal an attractive spiritual power in their lives.

Ordinary people should cultivate perfect morals, not be troubled by external customs and real environment, have a peaceful mind, follow nature, and let natural morality fill their hearts.

Note: This article was written in mid-December of the Year of Wuxu.