Zhuge Jin is Zhuge Liang’s eldest brother, and Zhuge Dan is Zhuge Liang’s younger brother. The former is a brotherly relationship, while the latter is only a distant relative.
1. Zhuge Jin (174-241), courtesy name Ziyu, Han nationality, was born in Yangdu, Langxie (now Yinan, Shandong). During the Three Kingdoms period, he was an important minister of the Wu State, the brother of Zhuge Liang, and the father of Zhuge Ke.
After being recommended by Hongzi, he served Soochow. With a broad mind, kindness and integrity, he was deeply trusted by Sun Quan and was called a "divine friend". He worked hard to ease the relationship between Shu Han and Soochow. In the twenty-fifth year of Jian'an (220 years), Lü Meng died of illness. Zhuge Jin took over the post of Lü Meng as the prefect of Nanjun and garrisoned the public security. After Sun Quan became emperor, Zhuge Jin became a general and led the herding of Yuzhou.
2. Zhuge Dan (? - 258), named Gongxiu, was born in Yangdu, Langxie (now Yinan, Shandong). During the Three Kingdoms period, he was a general of the Wei state and a descendant of Zhuge Feng, the lieutenant of the Han Dynasty. He was the younger brother of Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty. From Wei Guan to General Zhengdong. Together with Sima Shi, he put down the rebellion of Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin.
Later, because of his close friendship with Xia Houxuan and Deng Yang who were executed, and because he felt uneasy after seeing the destruction of Wang Ling, Guanqiu Jian and others, he raised an army against Sima in the second year of Ganlu (257). Zhao, and received support from Soochow. In February of the third year of Ganlu (258), Zhuge Dan was beheaded by Hu Fen, and the Yi tribe was defeated. Hundreds of Zhuge Dan's men refused to surrender and were killed. ?
3. Zhuge Liang (181-October 8, 234), courtesy name Kongming and nickname Wolong, was a native of Yangdu, Langya, Xuzhou (now Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong). He was the prime minister of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period. Outstanding statesman, military strategist, diplomat, writer, calligrapher and inventor.
In his early years, he followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan to Jingzhou. After Zhuge Xuan's death, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong. Later, Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage three times to invite Zhuge Liang, and joined forces with Sun Quan of Eastern Wu to defeat Cao's army in the Battle of Chibi. Forming the power of the Three Kingdoms, they also captured Jingzhou. In the 16th year of Jian'an (211), Yizhou was captured. Then he defeated Cao Jun and captured Hanzhong.
In the first year of Shu Zhangwu (221), Liu Bei established the Shu Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed prime minister to preside over the government. Liu Chan, the empress of Shu, succeeded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was granted the title of Marquis of Wuxiang and led the shepherd of Yizhou. Be diligent and prudent, handle all political affairs personally, and strictly enforce rewards and punishments; alliance with Soochow to improve relations with all ethnic groups in the southwest; implement the policy of farming and strengthen war preparations.
The six Northern Expeditions to the Central Plains were mostly spent on food but in vain. He eventually became ill due to overwork and died of illness in Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan, Baoji, Shaanxi) in the 12th year of Jianxing Shu (234) at the age of 54. Liu Chan posthumously named him Zhongwuhou, and later generations often called Zhuge Liang the honorific name Wuhou. The Eastern Jin regime named him King Wuxing because of his military prowess.
Zhuge Liang's representative works of prose include "The Master's Guide" and "The Book of Commandments". He invented the wooden cow and flowing horse, the Kongming lantern, etc., and modified the repeating crossbow, called the Zhuge repeating crossbow, which can fire ten arrows with one crossbow. Zhuge Liang "dedicated his life to death" and was a representative figure of loyal ministers and wise men in traditional Chinese culture.
Extended information
Anecdotes and allusions
The Eight Swords of the Lord of Shu
According to the Records of Ancient and Modern Swords, in the first year of Zhangwu, Liu Bei Iron ore was mined in Jinniu Mountain and eight swords were cast. One sword was worn by Liu Bei himself, and the remaining seven were given to Liu Chan, Liu Yong, Liu Li, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Zhao Yun respectively. Each sword was given a nice name, and Zhuge Liang was asked to inscribe on the sword.
After the fall of the Shu Han Dynasty, the whereabouts of the Eight Swords, the Lord of Shu, have been unknown. Later, Zhuge Liang's sword Zhang Wujian was acquired by Li Shigu. Li Shigu took the sword as his own and renamed it Shigu Sword.
Related inventions
Zhuge Liang has won the hearts of the people in the Sichuan area. Residents in many places in Sichuan still have the habit of wearing white cloth on their heads until modern times. It is said that this is to honor Zhuge Liang, which lasted for a thousand years. for many years.
In Gao Cheng's "Shi Jiyuan", it is recorded that when Zhuge Liang was marching south, the wind blew up and he could not cross the river. Meng Huo said that this was the work of a rampant god, and as long as he used human heads and livestock as sacrifices, he would be able to cross the river. It will be calm. But Zhuge Liang felt that using human heads was too cruel, so he kneaded flour into human heads and mixed them with beef, sheep and other meat instead, and called them steamed buns. (There is another saying that steamed buns were invented by Zhang Fei when he was conquering Shu).
In addition, it is said that when Zhuge Liang was serving as the military advisor, in order to solve the food problem, he asked the people about the planting method of wild vegetables called "manjing" at that time, and ordered the soldiers to start planting manjing to supplement the army's food supply. , later generations called this dish Zhuge Cai.
There are also legends that Zhuge Liang had another son, Zhuge Huai, and a daughter, Zhuge Guo.
During the Jin Dynasty, descendants of famous officials from the Han Dynasty were invited to serve in the capital, but Zhuge Huai declined and became self-sufficient and died at home. It is said that Zhuge Guo practiced Buddhism and became an immortal in the southwest of Chengdu.
Residents in mountainous areas used to use Kongming lanterns to send messages. According to legend, this was passed down by Zhuge Liang. In Yunnan (the land in the south during the Three Kingdoms period), there is a legend among the Wa and Wa people that Zhuge Liang taught their ancestors to build houses and weave bamboo baskets; there is a legend from the Dai people that the roof of the local Buddhist temple hall was built after Zhuge Liang's hat, and there is also a legend about Zhuge Liang's southern expedition. At that time, a bronze drum was invented, called the "Zhuge Drum". It could be used for cooking during the day and as an alarm at night.
There are many slang words, such as "Hindsight", which means waiting until the incident has passed before making various lofty remarks and thinking that one is a prophet; there are also "three stooges, better than Zhuge Liang", which means that Describe the greatness of collective wisdom.
Kong Ming chooses a wife
Huang Chengyan, a famous scholar in Jingzhou, heard that Zhuge Liang wanted to get married, so he went to Zhuge Liang and said to him: "I heard that you want to choose a wife. There is an ugly girl in my family. Although her hair is He is yellow and has dark skin, but his talents match yours." So Zhuge Liang agreed to the marriage and married Huang Chengyan's daughter.
Zhuge Liang’s marriage to an ugly wife was ridiculed by people at the time, and a proverb was circulated as a result: “Don’t be like Kong Ming when choosing a wife, you will get an ugly girl like Acheng.”
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