“When children enter school, do not put their thinking into the blackboard and literacy framework, and do not let the four walls of the classroom isolate them from the ever-changing world, because the mysteries of the world It contains an inexhaustible source of thinking and creation." Suhomlinski's advice reminds every teacher to pay attention to the world outside the classroom. Among them, extracurricular reading is of extremely important significance for broadening students' horizons, developing students' intelligence, and improving students' quality. The successful experience of many writers and scholars shows that the improvement of Chinese literacy mostly benefits from a large amount of and extensive reading. For the first time, the new curriculum standards stipulate the amount of extracurricular reading for primary school students and put forward reading speed requirements. This is a breakthrough in the reform of Chinese education and has a good guiding role in primary school Chinese teaching. Therefore, teachers must regard guiding students in extracurricular reading as an important teaching task. Next, I would like to talk about how to guide primary school students in extracurricular reading based on teaching practice.

1. Create an atmosphere and stimulate primary school students’ interest in extracurricular reading

Be passionate about the text and read with passion. We must create a good reading atmosphere so that students can be emotionally nurtured. Teachers must first use all appropriate opportunities to create a good atmosphere in teaching and stimulate students' interest in extracurricular reading. First of all, as class teachers, we create a good environment, create a harmonious extracurricular reading atmosphere, attract students' unintentional attention, stimulate primary school students' extracurricular reading interest, and encourage them to independently carry out a large amount of extracurricular reading. For example, students can be mobilized to take out their own books, number them into volumes, establish a class reading corner, and choose two responsible classmates to be librarians so that books can be shared among students. Our class has always had a reading corner, but at the beginning of this semester, the books have been moved to the students' desks. First, the children's reading atmosphere has been formed, and students can recommend books to each other; secondly, the sixth grade study tasks are relatively heavy, in order to reduce Librarian workload. In addition, students are organized in the classroom to post aphorisms and famous sayings from famous people at home and abroad, such as "Ideal books are the key to wisdom", "Books are like medicine, and reading well can cure stupidity", "Reading thousands of volumes, writing like "There is God", etc., which can more effectively stimulate students' enthusiasm for extracurricular reading and make students realize the importance of extracurricular reading. In addition, organizing students to regularly run posters and blackboard newspapers can also cultivate students to read more and read well. In short, the class teacher makes full use of various conditions to explore book sources, which can not only expand the students' reading range, but also create a humanistic reading atmosphere and stimulate students' interest in extracurricular reading.

Reading exchange meetings are also an important form for primary school students to create an atmosphere of extracurricular reading among their study partners. The main method is: first guide students to spend a period of extracurricular time reading a book recommended by teachers or classmates, and then use a concentrated period of time for classmates and teachers to read * Have a free discussion about the reading, and also exchange some students’ comments after reading, etc. You can make reading a game-like childhood life.

In addition, we can carry out reading note reviews, wonderful poetry recitations, and use movies and TV shows. Film and television themed activities are a good way to create a reading atmosphere, which can stimulate students' interest in extracurricular reading and encourage students to regard extracurricular reading as a spontaneous and eager self-behavior.

2. Make reasonable choices and guide primary school students to choose appropriate extracurricular reading materials

When reading, primary school students often don’t know how to choose when faced with various books around them, which one is better to read, and they don’t know how to read it. If our teachers do not pay attention to these issues, students will easily lose interest in reading. I once saw a fifth-grade primary school student holding a hundred-dollar bill and buying "Angry Birds Game Guide" and "Cat" in a bookstore. Xiao Le's "A Shai" and the comic "Laughing in School" are the voluntary reading choices of a young boy without the supervision of parents and teachers. I once asked many parents which books they would choose to read to their children. Sixty-seven out of 10 people will proudly answer: "Of course I only buy classics. "When you ask further: What is a classic? They usually list the following books: "The Thousand-Character Classic", "Three-Character Classic", "Hundred Family Surnames", the Four Great Classics, Andersen's Fairy Tales and Grimm's Fairy Tales. These are some of the books that our Chinese parents are willing to read on their own. When they talk about the books they spend their money on, they look like they are buying LV bags, big brands, and guaranteed quality. In fact, our teachers also have this kind of choice. Of course, classics must be read. The question is, are they willing to read them? To arouse the reading interest of students in this era, just like the dishes in the hotel, in the early years, fish and meat were good dishes, but now there are not only traditional dishes but also Only by constantly introducing new special dishes and matching them can we attract customers. In the same way, we teachers and parents usually doubt and reject the works of current writers and books that are beyond our reading experience, and we rarely "test read" them first to make sure. Whether to buy or not, we don’t think much about whether the “classics” in our minds include all the “classics” or are just a drop of water in the ocean. So I think we should pay attention to the following points when guiding primary school students to choose appropriate extracurricular readings.

Primary school students all have the psychological characteristics of strong curiosity and good performance. They are more eager for mystery, adventure, and excitement, and admire wit, bravery, and vigorousness.

At the same time, their cognitive level and receptive ability are limited, so in addition to recommending series of works by authors such as Yang Hongying, Wu Meizhen, Cao Wenxuan, Shen Shixi, etc., based on these characteristics, I carefully selected classic children's books that students love, such as "Charlotte" "Net", "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea", "Pinocchio", "The Adventures of Bragg King", first and second graders can recommend "The Love Tree", "A Leaf Falls Down", "Guess Who I Am", "Dear Little Fish" and " Drawing books like "The Lost Corner" and so on. When it comes to drawing books, I would like to say a few more words. In fact, I used to have a certain prejudice against drawing books with many pictures and few words. I felt that it was time to say goodbye to such books when my children went to school. Some time ago, I After listening to a lecture given by Teacher Wu Lin, I changed this view. I brought the electronic version of "Dear Little Fish". This is one of the books she recommended. Please take a look at it (multimedia). In fact, these seem to be The simple pictures and words contain a lot of things that will move us adults. Shouldn’t we recommend it to our children? They will like these books, and they will gradually like the feeling of reading. With this feeling, are we still worried that students will not read the classics or quintessence of Chinese culture that we admire? These children's literature books are not only extracurricular readings that are in line with children's psychological and cognitive development levels, but can also promote their perfect development, purify children's spiritual world, open their hearts, and stimulate their lifelong cultural yearning.

3. Teach methods and guide primary school students to master correct reading methods

Zhang Zhidong once said: "Reading without understanding is a waste of effort." Primary school students have strong individuality in extracurricular reading. , with great arbitrariness and few controlled factors. Therefore, teachers should guide students to learn reading methods and develop good reading habits.

1. Strengthen communication inside and outside class and broaden reading channels

First of all, we must make full use of teaching materials, guide reading methods, and broaden reading channels. In teaching practice, I often use textbooks as the starting point to expand students' reading horizons and broaden their knowledge in a planned way. For example, taking "New Glass" as an example, before teaching, students are assigned to read articles and materials related to the text. Students are swimming in the ocean of knowledge, their interest in learning has greatly increased, and they compete to speak in class. For example, some students said: "I want to build a house like this. It can fly, dive, and rush out of the universe to find a newer world." Some students said: "I want every household to be equipped with A smart door lock. Enter the appearance, voice, fingerprint and other information of each family member into the computer, and it can easily identify it. As long as the owner touches the door lock, it will automatically open and ignore other people. "All kinds of creative ideas gush out like gurgling spring water. On the basis of classroom learning, students can read original works or similar books to communicate knowledge vertically and horizontally.

2. Provide classified guidance according to different styles

The reading methods of various extracurricular readings are different, and different reading methods should be adopted according to different styles. According to the age characteristics of primary school students, I provide classified guidance on how to read comic books, fairy tales, fables, stories, novels, popular science books, excellent compositions, and children's newspapers and periodicals. For example, guide students to read children's newspapers and periodicals, using two methods: browsing and careful reading. Instruct students to read the entire newspaper when they get it, to get a rough idea of ??what news and articles there are, and then select the important, fresh and interesting ones to read carefully. Students are also taught how to collect, cut and paste information, write summaries, and make cards based on the topic

3. Pay attention to skill training and develop reading methods

I pay more attention to strengthening the guidance of reading steps and methods. I guide students to read an article in three steps: the first step is rough reading, which requires understanding the main content and being able to Brief retelling. The second step is to read carefully, understand the main content, and understand the author's thoughts, feelings and expression methods. The third step is to read thoroughly and write reading notes.

4. Clarify the class type and the type of extracurricular reading class (transition: the guidance process of extracurricular reading is the process in which students gradually form their own reading abilities and habits under the guidance of teachers. Generally speaking, extracurricular reading classes There are several types of reading guidance classes. )

(1) Reading recommendation class

This type of class teaches students in a lively way based on their reading ability and foundation. Students recommend various useful extracurricular readings. In terms of content, you can generally read the original text excerpted from the Chinese textbook, or other works by the author of the article in the textbook. This will not only increase students' interest in reading and make it feel familiar to read, but also help deepen their understanding of what they have learned. content.

How can our teachers expand their reading space based on texts, make full use of Chinese texts in teaching to expand extracurricular reading, and make the texts in textbooks a bridge to extend students' extracurricular reading. This is what I did, for example: after finishing "Cricket's House", I introduced the life story of the author Fabre and his "Insects" to the students, telling them that there are more insect secrets written in the book, and the students The appetite for extracurricular reading was aroused, and many students in the class brought "Insects" to read carefully. Study "Borrowing Arrows from a Straw Boat", and after understanding the content of the text, introduce to students the content related to another wonderful battle in the Three Kingdoms, "The Battle of Red Cliff", such as "borrowing the east wind, the bitter meat plan, the alienation plan, the chain plan", etc.; you can also After finishing the text, lead the students to read the passage in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" describing the straw boat borrowing arrows, and feel the charm of the ancient text by comparing it with the text.

These expansions have stimulated students' desire to read "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". Students may not read the entire book, but they can read it once to understand the general idea, or read favorite chapters. In short, "opening the book is beneficial." If a corresponding reading class is arranged at the right time, the effect will be better. For another example, I am now teaching for six years. The 23rd lesson in this Chinese textbook is "The Last War Elephant", which was written by Shen Shixi, who is known as the king of Chinese animal novels. I am going to take the opportunity of studying this text to learn about it. Students recommend his literary works, which use the true feelings of the animal world to inspire their understanding and pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty. I wonder if you have noticed that in our current Chinese textbooks, the proportion of literary works like "The Last War Elephant" is increasing, which gives our teachers a greater opportunity to closely follow the textbooks to find the integration point between classroom teaching and extracurricular reading. , and the opportunity to recommend reading materials to students, as long as we properly grasp it, it can not only deepen students' understanding of the text content, but also allow students to freely roam in the vast world of extracurricular reading and increase their extracurricular knowledge. Why not!

If taken as a separate class, the reading recommendation class is mainly to introduce extracurricular readings to students for students to choose. The main methods include: recommendation of books, periodicals and articles and introduction of content; combination of teacher recommendation and student recommendation, and combination of unified recommendation and decentralized recommendation. For example: As mentioned just now, I went to Changchun in March to listen to Mr. Wu Lin’s unique insights into foreign children’s books and picture books in his lectures. I introduced several reading books recommended by her, and of course recommended them to the students in our class. This is roughly what I said in the recommendation class. Teacher: There is a book called "Charlotte's Web". This is a hymn about life, friendship, love and loyalty! A fairy tale that proudly ranks first among the "Top Ten Greatest Children's Literature Classics in America"! A classic that was born 52 years ago. Teacher: Look, this is "Charlotte's Web", which countless people who have seen it cannot forget. The author is White from the United States. This book has 22 chapters and more than 100,000 words. It is a book about the story of a little spider and a little pig. It is written for children as well as adults. The New York Times Book Review said: This is a book about friendship, but also a book about love and protection, adventure and miracles, life and death, trust and betrayal, joy and pain. It is almost a perfect book. , incredible masterpiece. Some readers said: "This is really a treasure book. I think in an ideal world, there should be only two kinds of people, one is the person who has read "Charlotte's Web", and the other is the person who will read "Charlotte's Web" "Charlotte's Web". Today, let's go into it and enter the world of fairy tales. In this way, I recommend this world-best-selling book to everyone. Classmates, the clever spider Charlotte and the innocent piglet Wilbur have entered the inner world and even the lives of the children after class. This semester, the children have entered sixth grade. I talked to them about graduation a few days ago. , when talking about the friendship between classmates that should be cherished forever, a classmate said emotionally that the teacher has a kind of friendship called Charlotte and Wilbur. I think if the author White could hear it, he would be extremely pleased.

(2) Reading method guidance class

As the name suggests, reading method guidance class is a type of class that teaches students reading methods in a purposeful and planned way. The purpose is to enable students to master systematic and scientific reading. Method, develop habits, develop abilities, and ultimately achieve "self-study". This class type has its own reality and pertinence. It is aimed at students who are good at reading but don't know the essentials, or who just watch the excitement, or who read a lot just for curiosity. The following reading methods are provided for reference.

Browsing and extensive reading are easy to understand or have low reading value. Browse books and newspapers to gain a general understanding of their main content and obtain more valuable information within a limited time.

Exploratory speed reading to achieve a specific purpose or complete a certain project. Tasks, such as seeking the answer to a certain question, specifically collecting knowledge in a certain area, etc.

Reading famous works and excellent works that are both beautiful and elegant. , understand the ideas, figure out the layout of the article, appreciate the good words and sentences, and turn the essence into your own knowledge and nourishment after chewing it carefully

2. Do not read without writing or ink

Circle and make comments. Use relevant symbols to record your opinions and feelings while reading.

Write excerpts, outlines, and write notes. Experience.

In order to facilitate memory and accumulation, write down famous quotes, highlights, good words, etc. on the cards and carry them with you to read and recite them at any time.

Re-creation. Including continuation, expansion, abbreviation, rewriting and other forms. Rewriting also includes changing the person, changing the method, changing the genre, etc.

3. Thinking while reading

Through various forms of special training such as summarizing content, retelling the original text, experiencing thoughts and feelings, and clarifying the context of the article, we will gradually master thinking methods such as analysis, summary, comparison, synthesis, and association, and achieve the state of using reading to promote thinking and reading to promote writing. . Generally includes guidance on special reading methods, students' reading practice, and discussion of gains.

(3) Reading Appreciation Class

This type of class allows students to read their favorite and most interesting parts of the books they read through expressions, recite to music, and recite excerpts. It is expressed through words, aphorisms and performances, so that everyone can appreciate the article on the basis of further understanding and be influenced and infected by beauty. The reading appreciation class allows students to actively participate in the reading process, participate in discussions, explorations, and cooperative learning, and master scientific and flexible learning methods in learning, gradually forming language skills, being inspired in thinking, infected and edified ideologically, and emotionally aroused. ***Ming. In terms of form, it can be divided into genre appreciation, writing technique appreciation, content and theme appreciation, etc. The process is roughly as follows.

1. Carefully select reading texts. The reading text should be short and concise, close to students' lives, with lively language, flexible and diverse forms, and be loved by students. For example, Cao Wenxuan's "Thatched House"

2. Read the designated chapters first. Students mobilize their existing Chinese knowledge and skills to understand, analyze, appreciate and evaluate articles.

3. Then comes the free discussion stage. Discussions can be held at the same table or in groups of multiple people. The discussion format is eclectic and can be free-form or centered. Teachers can first determine some topics and let students discuss them around these issues. During the discussion, we must adhere to the policy of paying equal attention to language training and thinking training, mobilize students' knowledge accumulation and life accumulation, and engage in spiritual dialogue with the author.

4. Students take the stage to give speeches. Students should be encouraged to put forward different opinions and create a situation where they can speak freely.

Our teachers should always confirm the bright points that emerge in the discussion, correct existing problems, and also bring out some important issues in the article for students to think about and understand again. The teacher's summary is not only a powerful conclusion to the current lesson, but also a preparation for the next reading appreciation lesson, so that this type of lesson can be carried out in the long term.

(4) Reading Analysis (Commentary) Class

The purpose of this class is to guide students to understand the main content of the book, learn to summarize and organize knowledge, and master the reading methods of works of different genres. . In the work analysis (commentary) class, students are asked to use different commenting methods based on different types of reading materials to express their feelings, talk about their experiences, discuss writing methods, express their own opinions, analyze the content, and evaluate the meaning. Taking readings about people and events as an example, students are guided to first clarify the main plot of the event according to the order of occurrence and development of the event. Then, based on the main content of the article, they can then think about the author's writing purpose, analyze the relationship between people and events, and then Inspire and analyze (comment on) the ideological qualities of the characters in the book, and receive education from them. When reading reading materials such as science fiction stories that students like, students are guided to first sort out the scientific knowledge in the book, and then understand how the author uses associations and clever ideas to subtly introduce the knowledge to the readers. Improve your ability to organize and plan articles in your comments.