1. Be quick to do things but cautious in speaking

The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Xueer": "The Master said: 'A gentleman has no food to seek fullness, no residence to seek peace, and is quick to "Be careful in what you say." "The Analects of Confucius: Li Ren" has the same meaning: "A gentleman wants to be slow in words but quick in deeds." It means to be diligent and quick in doing things, but cautious in speaking.

2. If you learn without thinking, you will be in vain; if you think without learning, you will be in danger. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng": "Confucius said: 'Learning without thinking means losing sight; thinking without learning leads to peril.'" "Wang" means confusion. "Peril" has two meanings: one is critical, which means uncertainty. One is fatigue, and the spirit is exhausted and there is no gain. Confucius first advocated paying equal attention to learning and thinking, which had a profound influence on Confucian disciples. For example, Zixia talks about learning and thinking carefully and "The Doctrine of the Mean" talks about learning and thinking carefully, both of which believe that learning and thinking cannot be neglected.

3. People who have no faith do not know what is possible. This quote comes from "The Analects of Confucius: For Politics": "The Master said: 'People who have no faith do not know what is possible.'" Zheng Xuan's note: "Those who do not know what is possible, Words cannot be fulfilled.” Zhu Xi said: "If a person does not have a true and sincere heart, then everything he says is false." (Volume 24 of "Zhu Zi Yu Lei") The recent scholar Jiang Boqian distinguished between trust and belief in two meanings: "What you say must be true; what you say must be fulfilled." ("Yu Yi Guang Jie") Confucius and later Confucian scholars attached great importance to trust, and "loyalty in words and sincerity in deeds" ("The Analects of Confucius, Duke Wei Linggong") was the Confucian principle of life.

4. Virtue is not alone, there must be neighbors. A saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius Li Ren": "The Master said: 'Virtue is not alone, there must be neighbors.'"

5. Miner The saying about being eager to learn and not ashamed to ask questions comes from "The Analects of Confucius Gongye Chang": "Zi Gong asked: 'What does Confucius call Wenzi?' Confucius said: 'Being quick and eager to learn and not being ashamed to ask questions is what we call Wenzi.'" Confucius Wenzi , Dr. Wei. "Wen" is his posthumous title. Zhu Xi's note: "Ordinary people are quick-witted and have a hard time learning, and those with high positions are often ashamed to ask questions. Therefore, the posthumous law has those who use 'Study diligently and ask questions' as a text, which is also difficult for others." ("Analects of Confucius") also said : "The posthumous laws of the ancients were very lenient", "Confucius is certainly not good, but this benefit is only because he can learn quickly and ask questions, which is also its advantage." This shows that Confucius is "forgiving and generous, so he is also lenient in responsibilities" ( "Zhu Xi Yu Lei" Volume 29).

6. Literary and polite, and then a gentleman comes out of "The Analects of Confucius·Yongye": "Confucius said: 'If quality is better than literature, then you will be wild; if literature is better than quality, you will have history; if politeness is better, then you will be a gentleman'." Confucius said "Wen" "" refers to the external performance that conforms to the propriety; "Quality" refers to the inner benevolence. Only by possessing the inner character of "benevolence" and being able to express it in accordance with the "property" can one become a "gentleman". The relationship between literature and quality is the relationship between propriety and benevolence. One of them embodies the ideal personality of the "gentleman" that Confucius strives to advocate; the other reflects his consistent thought of the golden mean: that is, he does not advocate partiality over literature, nor does he advocate partiality over quality; when he is impartial, he should be impartial. It is not easy to do both, but it is not easy to do it to the extreme.

7. If you want to establish yourself, you will establish others; if you want to achieve it, you will achieve it. From "The Analects of Confucius·Yong Ye", Confucius answered Zigong's question about benevolence and said: "A man of benevolence will establish others if he wants to establish himself. If he wants to achieve it, he will achieve it." It can be said that a wise person can learn from others by example." This sentence also means that if you want to stand up, you must also make others stand up, and if you want everything to work, you should also make everything work for others. This embodies the way of "forgiveness" advocated by Confucius, that is, the practical approach and method of "benevolence". The high standard of "forgiveness" is to do what you want by imitating others, which is to practice "benevolence" in a positive sense. The low standard is to extend what you dislike to others and not do it to others, that is, to practice "benevolence" in a negative sense. "Benevolence" (see "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you), respecting yourself and others, observing yourself and knowing others, that is, recognizing the value of others and caring about the survival and development of others, which reflects the Confucian thought from another aspect. Humanitarian characteristics.

8. To state without writing, but to believe in the ancients is from "The Analects of Confucius·Shuer": "Confucius said: 'To state but not to write, to believe in the ancients, and to compare them to me, Lao Peng'." This sentence It means to pass down old chapters without creating them, and to both remember and like ancient culture. "Not making" and "loving the past" are Confucius's summary of his lifelong teaching and academic research career. They also reflect his principles of organizing historical and cultural heritage and his basic attitude towards ancient culture. As for the so-called "not doing", Zhu Xi believed that Confucius "even though he described what he did, the effect was twice as great as if he had done it" (ibid.). Later generations of scholars believed that Confucius actually wrote as well as stated.

9. Know it silently, never tire of learning, and never tire of teaching others. This quote comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Shuer": "The Master said: 'Know it silently, never tire of learning, and never tire of teaching others. What does that mean for me?" . The sentence means: silently keep what you see and hear in your heart, study vigorously and never be satisfied, teach students tirelessly. Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote in "Analects of Confucius": "Three of them are no longer the ultimate saint, but they still dare not take it seriously, so they are modest and modest." It expresses Confucius's diligence in pursuing knowledge and his enthusiasm in teaching his disciples. It is also a reasonable summary of Confucius' understanding and methods of "learning" and "teaching".

10. Being rich and noble due to unrighteousness is like floating clouds to me. The Analects of Confucius says: "The Master said: 'If you eat sparingly, drink water, bend your arms and pillow, you will also enjoy it. That’s right; wealth gained through unrighteousness is like a floating cloud to me.” Zheng Xuan of the Han Dynasty noted: "Those who are rich and noble without righteousness are like floating clouds to me, and they are not my own." Meaning: Wealth and official position acquired through unjust means are like floating clouds in the sky to me. Confucius here reiterates his specific principles for viewing and seeking wealth, which must be in line with "righteousness" and "benevolence." If anything is obtained contrary to this, it will be regarded as a passing smoke and unworthy of acquisition. At the same time, it also shows his attitude and mind about living in poverty and being content with poverty.

11. When you are angry, you forget to eat, and when you are happy, you forget your worries. You don’t know that old age is coming. Yun Er said in "The Analects of Confucius·Shuer": "Ye Gong asked Confucius about Zilu, and Zilu was wrong. Confucius said, 'Nv Xi' Don’t say: He is a human being who is so angry that he forgets to eat, and he is happy and forgets his worries. He doesn’t know that old age is coming.” The sentence means: If you work hard and don't even remember to eat (you have learned something), you will be so happy that you forget your worries, and you won't even notice that you are in the old state. This shows Confucius's constant self-improvement, perseverance and wise and optimistic attitude towards life.

12. When three people are walking together, there must be a teacher of mine. This saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius Shuer": "The Master said: 'When three people are walking together, there must be a teacher of mine. Choose the good ones and follow them, and follow them if they are not good. '" One means, "I and he are three people. If the other two think that I am good, I will follow it; if the two of them think that I am bad, I will change it. My teacher. Shu Hongfan said: "Three people are in charge, and this is what they say." One is that "there are no good or bad people in the world." It does not mean that one person is good and the other person is not good. If you follow him, he is my teacher."

13. A gentleman is magnanimous. , The villain is always in mourning." The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Shuer". Dangdang is called Guangyuan. Qi Qi is known as the person who is worried all the time. A gentleman is well versed in affairs, so his dealings with others are like walking on a smooth road, feeling safe and comfortable. A small person's mind is often obsessed with things, worrying about gains and losses, so he often has a feeling of sadness. Huang Kanshu quoted Jiang Xi and said: "A gentleman is open-minded and carefree, showing no selflessness. A villain is concerned about glory and profit, and cares about gains and losses, so he grows up to be a noble man." Cheng Zi said: "A gentleman follows the principles, so he is always comfortable; "The villain works for things, so he has many worries." (See "Analects of Confucius") "Xunzi Zidao" says that a gentleman has a lifetime of happiness and no worries for a day, while a villain has a lifetime of worries and no happiness for a day. , has the same meaning as this.

14. The wise do not be confused, the benevolent do not worry, the brave do not fear. "The Analects of Confucius·Zihan": "Confucius said: The wise do not confuse, the benevolent do not worry, the brave do not fear." "The Analects of Confucius" quoted from "The Analects of Justice" "Shenjian·Miscellaneous Statements" notes: "A gentleman is happy and knows his fate, so he does not worry; he judges things clearly, so he is not confused; he is determined to serve the public, so he is not afraid."

15. The people have no faith and do not establish themselves. "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": "Since ancient times, there has been death, and the people cannot stand without faith." This is Confucius's answer to Zigong's question about politics. The people's trust and sufficient food and soldiers are the policies of Confucius to govern and strengthen the country. However, you can remove soldiers and food, but you cannot make the people lose their trust; the people's trust is the foundation. This is similar to Confucius's sacrifice of one's life to achieve benevolence and Mencius's sacrifice of one's life for righteousness. Later Zhu Xi said: "The people will die without food, but the dead are inevitable. Without faith, even though you are alive, you will not be able to stand on your own, and it is not as good as death. Therefore, it is better to die than to break faith with the people, so that the people would rather die. Don’t break your trust with me.”

16. The beautiful words of a gentleman as an adult come from "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": "The Master said: The beauty of a gentleman as an adult is not the evil of an adult. The villain is the opposite." Zhu Xi commented: "Those who succeed are encouraged, rewarded and encouraged. "Dadaili: Zengzi Lishi": "A gentleman is good at himself and enjoys the kindness of others. He also enjoys the abilities of others." This is similar to Confucius' meaning.

17. His body is upright, and he can act without being told. The saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Zilu": "The Master said: His body is upright, and he can act without being told, even if he is not told." Confucianism has always believed that: the best 18. If you see small gains, big things will not happen. The idiom comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Zilu": "Zi Xia He is the governor of Ju and asks about politics. The Master said: If you don't want to be hasty, you will not achieve anything. It is small, but what is lost is great." He also quoted Cheng Zi as saying that Confucius knew that "Zi Xia's illness is always close to the child", so he "told him in a personal way" (ibid.). "The Analects of Confucius" quotes Xunzi as saying: "Benefit refers to the convenience of the country and the benefit of the people. When a politician sees great benefits, he must move forward, but he can't see small ears." "The Book of Rites of Da Dai·Four Dynasties": "It is good to see small gains, but it is harmful to politics."

19. People without long-term concerns must have immediate worries. "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": "Zi It is said: If a person has no long-term worries, he must have immediate worries. "The Analects of Confucius" quotes: "Those who worry about things that are not far away will come soon, so it is called near-term worries." "Xunzi·Dalue" says: "Think about things first." Worrying about troubles. Thinking about things first is called hesitation, and worrying about troubles first is called hesitation. Hesitating is called hesitation. He who is worried about things later is called hesitation. "And people are troubled. Confucianism attaches great importance to the consideration of history.

20. Be generous to oneself, but be less responsible for others. The saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius Wei Linggong": "The Master said: Be generous to oneself, but be less responsible for others, and you will be far away from resentment." This is Show "kindness" to others. Dong Zhongshu of the Western Han Dynasty expressed it: "Govern people with benevolence, govern me with righteousness, be kind to oneself and be weak in responsibilities to others, this is what it means." If you are thick, your body will be better; if you blame others lightly, it will be easy for others to follow, so people will not be able to do it. Resent it. " ("Analects of Confucius")

21. Don't use words to lift people up, don't use people to waste words. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": "The Master said: Don't use words to lift people up, don't use people to waste words." "It means not to recommend someone because his words are pleasing to the ear, nor to despise someone because of his shortcomings. Confucius's steady and comprehensive skills of promoting people and listening to words are valued by later generations.

22. Don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you. The saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": "Zhong Gong asked about benevolence, and Confucius said: When you go out, you feel like seeing a distinguished guest, and the people feel like receiving a great sacrifice. Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you. No resentment in the country, no resentment at home. "This is what Confucius said about benevolence. "Wei Linggong": "Zigong asked: Is there anything you can say that can be implemented throughout your life? Confucius said: How can I forgive you? Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you. "This also means forgiveness. Confucius often uses "forgiveness" to explain "benevolence".

Zhu Xi's "Collected Annotations": "Forgiveness means respecting oneself and others." That is what Zigong said: "I don't want others to do anything to me, and I also want nothing to be done to others." ("Gongye Chang") Later Confucianism all emphasizes "Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you" in order to implement "benevolent government".

23. A small intolerance will mess up a big plan. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": "The Master said: Clever words mess up virtue, and a small intolerance will mess up the big plan." Zhu Xi "Analects of Confucius": "A small intolerance is like a woman's benevolence and a man's courage." He also said: "A woman's benevolence cannot be tolerated in love; a man's courage cannot be tolerated in anger, both of which can disrupt the great plan." (" The contemporary Yang Shuda also divided into three meanings: "cannot bear to be angry"; "cannot bear to be merciful and unable to cut off kindness with justice"; "cannot bear to give away money by being stingy" (The Analects of Confucius).

24. People can spread the Tao, but it is not the Tao that spreads people. The saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Linggong Wei": "The Master said: 'People can spread the Tao, but it is not the Tao that spreads people.'" It means that people can enlarge the Tao, and You can't use Tao to define you.

25. Do one's duty and not yield to one's teacher. The words "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong" say: "The Master said: 'Do one's duty and one's duty and one's duty not to yield to one's teacher.'" "Do one's duty and do one's duty without giving in to the teacher." Fulfill the mission of benevolence. Zhu Xi's note: "Being benevolent means taking benevolence as one's own responsibility. Even if you are a teacher, there is nothing inferior to you, but you should be brave enough to do it. To be benevolent, people have it and do it for themselves. There is no competition, so why should they be inferior?" (Analects of Confucius) The word "shi" is generally interpreted as "teacher". Qian Muxun, a recent man, was called "all the people".

26. Knowing something means knowing it, not knowing it means not knowing it. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius: Weizheng": "The Master said: 'Yu! Did you teach your daughter to know it? Knowing it means knowing it, not knowing it means not knowing it, this is knowing.'" The "knowledge" of "is Zhiye" is the same as wisdom. The record in "Xunzi Zidao" can be used as evidence: Zilu saw Confucius in rich clothes. Confucius said: "Now that women's clothes are rich and full of color, who in the world is willing to admonish women." He also said: "Therefore, the gentleman knows it and says that he knows it. If you don't know, you say you don't know. It's important to say it; if you can, you say you can; if you can't, you say you can't." Also in "Ruxiao" it says: "If you know, you say you know it; if you don't know, you say you don't know. Don't blame yourself internally, and don't blame yourself externally." To deceive oneself, to respect the virtuous and fear the law without daring to be arrogant, is a refined scholar."

27. The saying that an ordinary man cannot seize ambition comes from "The Analects of Confucius: Zihan": "The Master said: ' The three armies want to seize the commander, but the general cannot seize the will. '" Kong Anguo notes: "Although the three armies are numerous, the people's hearts are not unified, so the general can seize him; although the man is weak, he can only maintain his ambition, but he cannot seize it." Zhu Xi quoted Hou as saying: "The courage of the three armies lies in the people, and the ambition of the common man lies in himself. Therefore, the commander can be captured but the ambition cannot be captured. If it can be captured, it is not called ambition." ("Analects of Confucius") "Li Xin· The chapter "缁衣" also says: "The Master said: 'Words have things and actions have rules. Therefore, you can't take away your ambition in life, and you can't take away your reputation in death'."

28. Listen to the Tao and follow the path. It is said that the abandonment of virtue is also mentioned in "The Analects of Confucius·Yang Huo": "The Master said: 'The Tao is listened to and taught, and the virtue is abandoned.'" Huang Kanshu: "The study of memorizing questions is not enough to be a teacher. Teachers. You must review the past to learn the new, and study it carefully for a long time, and then you can teach it to others. If you listen to it, it will be preached to others, so it will be abandoned by the virtuous. "The scholar Qian Mu said: "It is easy to listen to the Tao, and it is easy to speak by way of speaking. It comes from the mouth, and even if you hear good words, you will not be able to achieve them." ( "New Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius") "Xunzi·Dalue": "A gentleman does not speak when in doubt, and does not speak when he has not asked. The road is getting farther and farther." This is similar to Confucius' objection to hearsay.

29. If the Tao is different, we will not seek each other. The saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Linggong Wei": "The Master said: 'The Tao is different, and we will not seek each other'". "Historical Records·Bo Yi Zhuan" quoted this saying: "Different ways do not work together, and each of them follows his own ambition." "Lao Zhuang Shen Han Zhuan" said: "Those who study Lao Tzu in the world are inferior to Confucianism, and Confucianism is also inferior to Lao Tzu. "How can it be said that if the Tao is different, we should not conspire with each other?" Qian Mu, a recent scholar, has two interpretations. One is, "Gentlemen also have different opinions and deeds, but if they are the same as the Tao, they can conspire with each other. But villains violate the Tao. , there are good and evil, evil and righteousness, so it is difficult to conspire with each other." One is "Tao refers to martial arts, such as shooting and guarding, each has its own emphasis, and they do not conspire with each other.

” ("A New Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius"

30|, learn and practice from time to time, review the past and learn the new!