What does "The eternity of heaven and earth will eventually come to an end, and this hatred will last forever"? ——Answer: Even if it lasts forever, there will always be an end, but this love and hate of life and death will never have an end date.
Source of the work
It comes from "Song of Everlasting Sorrow", which is a long narrative poem by Bai Juyi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty in China.
This poem is the author's famous poem, written in 806 AD (the first year of Yuanhe). The whole poem vividly describes the love tragedy between Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei. The poet used historical figures and legends to create a moving and moving story, and through the artistic image he created, he reproduced the reality of real life and infected readers for thousands of years. The theme of the poem is "everlasting regret".
Original text of the work
Song of Everlasting Regret
[Tang Dynasty] Bai Juyi
The emperor of the Han Dynasty was obsessed with beauty and wanted to overwhelm the country, and he could not get it for many years.
Yang Jiayu’s daughter has just grown up, and she was raised in a boudoir where no one knows her.
It’s hard to give up on natural beauty. Once you choose it, you will be on the side of the king.
Looking back and smiling, the sixth palace has no color.
In the cold spring, you can bathe in Huaqing Pool, and the hot spring water will wash away the fat.
The waiter lifts up the weakling, which is the beginning of new grace.
The flowers on the temples are swaying with golden steps, and the hibiscus tent warms the spring night.
The spring night is short and the sun is rising, and the king will not go to court early from now on.
There is no leisure for Cheng Huan to serve banquets, and he spends all his time traveling from spring to night.
There are three thousand beauties in the harem, and three thousand people love them all.
The golden house is made up to serve as a charming servant at night, and the jade house is drunk and spring after the banquet.
Sisters and brothers are all in the earth, and they are poor and glorious.
This makes the hearts of parents all over the world not to be reborn as boys but to be reborn as girls.
The blue clouds enter from the heights of Li Palace, and the wind of fairy music can be heard everywhere.
Slow singing, slow dancing, silk and bamboo, the emperor can't see enough.
The sound of Yuyang's flying rhinoceros stirred the earth, shocking the song of colorful clothes and feathers.
Smoke and dust arose from the Jiuchong City Tower, and thousands of horses rode southwestward.
The green flowers wavered and stopped, more than a hundred miles west of the capital.
The Sixth Army had no choice but to turn around and die in front of the horse.
There is no one to collect the flowers and flowers on the ground, and the green buds and jade are scratching their heads.
The king hid his face and could not be saved. Looking back, blood and tears flowed.
The yellow leaves are scattered in the wind, and the clouds linger in the sword pavilion.
There are few people walking at the foot of Mount Emei, and the flags are dull and the sun is thin.
The Shujiang River is green and the Shushan Mountains are green, and the Holy Lord is in love with him day and night.
Seeing the moon in the palace looks sad, and hearing the sound of broken bells in the rain at night.
The sky spins and the earth spins back to Long Yu, and he hesitates and cannot go.
In the soil at the foot of Mawei slope, there is no place where Yuyan died.
The emperor and his ministers looked after each other with all their clothes, and looked eastward to the capital to return home.
After returning, the ponds and gardens are all still the same, with lotuses and willows blooming in Taiye.
The hibiscus is like a face and willows are like eyebrows, how can you not shed tears about this?
The peach and plum blossoms bloom in the spring breeze, and the sycamore leaves fall in the autumn rain.
There are many autumn grasses in the south of the West Palace, and the fallen leaves are full of red leaves that are not swept away.
The disciples in Liyuan have new white hair, and the prisoner Qing'e in Jiaofang is old.
The fireflies in the evening palace are quietly thinking, and the solitary lamp has been exhausted before they fall asleep.
At the beginning of the long night, the stars are about to dawn.
The mandarin duck tiles are frosty and the flowers are heavy, and the emerald quilt is cold, who can resist it?
After so many years of separation between life and death, my soul never came to sleep.
Linqiong Taoist priest Hongdu Ke can touch the soul with his sincerity.
To appreciate the king’s thoughts, he taught the alchemists to search diligently.
The emptied air rushes like lightning, ascending to the sky and entering the earth to seek for everything.
The poor blue sky above and the yellow spring below, both places are nowhere to be seen.
Suddenly I heard that there was a fairy mountain on the sea, and the mountain was ethereal.
The exquisite pavilion has five clouds rising, and there are many fairies in it.
There is a character in the book who is too real, with a snow-skinned and colorful appearance.
Knock on the jade in the west chamber of the Golden Palace, and turn to the small jade to get a double success.
Hearing that the Emperor of Han Dynasty envoys, the dream soul in Jiuhua tent was frightened.
Wandering around while holding clothes and pushing pillows, the bead foil silver screen meanders open.
I went to bed with my temples half fresh, and came out of the hall with my corolla untidy.
The wind blows and the fairy's sleeves flutter, just like the dancing of colorful clothes and feathers.
The jade face is lonely and full of tears, and a branch of pear blossom brings rain in spring.
Looking at the king with affection, his voice and appearance are vague.
Love is overwhelming in Zhaoyang Palace, and the sun and moon grow long in Penglai Palace.
Looking back and looking down at the world, I can see the dust and mist in Chang'an.
I will send my old things to express my deep affection, and send my hairpin to the future.
Leave one strand of the hairpin and combine it into a fan; break the hairpin into gold and combine it into two pieces.
But if your heart is as strong as gold, we will meet in heaven and on earth.
I sent my farewell message again with sincerity, in which I vowed to know each other.
On July 7th, in the Palace of Eternal Life, no one was whispering in the middle of the night.
I would like to be a winged bird in the sky, and a twig on the ground.
The eternity of heaven and earth will eventually come to an end, and this hatred will last forever.
Translation of the work
Tang Minghuang preferred beauty. After becoming the emperor, he has been looking for beauties for many years, but has found nothing.
The Yang family has a daughter who has just grown up. She is very beautiful and she is raised in a boudoir. Outsiders do not know her beauty.
Being naturally beautiful and charming, it was difficult for her to be buried in the world. As expected, it didn’t take long for her to become a concubine beside Emperor Ming of Tang Dynasty.
When she looked back and smiled, she was full of charm and charm; all the other six officials and concubines were eclipsed.
When the spring was cold and cold, the emperor gave her a bath in Huaqing Pool. The warm spring water washed her skin like gelatin.
The maid supported her, and Pingting was as weak as a hibiscus emerging from the water, and she began to gain favor from the emperor.
The hair on the temples is like clouds, the face is like flowers, and he wears a golden walking wave on his head. Spend the spring night with the emperor in the warm hibiscus tent.
The deep love only hates the short spring night, sleeping until the sun rises high. The king was deeply in love with his children and his gentle country, and never went to court again.
I am too busy to accept your pleasure and serve you to drink. In the spring, he traveled with the emperor, and in the evening, he slept with him every night.
There are no less than three thousand concubines in the harem, but she is the only one who enjoys the emperor's favor.
I dress up in the golden house and act like a coquettish king every night; I drink and feast in the jade tower, and my drunkenness adds a bit of charm.
Her brothers and sisters were all honored with titles because of her, and the Yang family's lintel was so glorious that it was enviable.
As a result, parents all over the world changed their minds and favored daughters over sons.
The Yuyu Qiong Tower in Huaqing Palace on Lishan Mountain towers into the clouds, and fairy music floats in all directions when the breeze passes.
The singing and dancing are often in time, and the orchestral melody is vivid. The king watches it all day long, but never tires of it.
The war drums of the Yuyang rebellion were deafening, and the music of colorful clothes and feathers stopped playing in the palace.
The Jiuzhong Palace was suddenly filled with dust, and the king fled to the southwest with a large number of ministers, servants and beautiful family members.
The convoy stopped and went, only a hundred miles west of Chang'an.
The Sixth Army stagnated and demanded the death of Yang Yuhuan. The king had no choice but to hang Yang Yuhuan at the foot of Mawei slope.
The ornaments on the imperial concubine’s head were scattered all over the floor and no one took them away. The emerald green gorse scratches his head, and the precious headdress is one by one.
The king couldn't help but covered his face and cried. Looking back at the scene of the tragic death of the noble concubine, the blood and tears could not stop flowing.
The bleak autumn wind swept away the fallen leaves, the loess dust had disappeared, and the convoy wound its way through the plank road, and the motorcade set foot on the ancient Jiange Road.
There are few people walking down Mount Emei, the flags are colorless, and the sun and moon have no light.
The beautiful mountains and clear waters of Sichuan aroused the lovesickness of the king. Looking at the moon in the palace is full of sadness, and listening to the music on a rainy night makes my voice sad.
After the rebellion subsided, the king returned to Chang'an and passed by Maweipo. He hesitated after seeing the things and missing people.
Under the lush Mawei slope, in the desolate yellow tomb, the beauty’s face is no longer seen, only the tomb lies in the mountain.
The king and his ministers look at each other, their clothes are wet with tears, they look eastward at Kyoto and their hearts are sad, and their horses are released from the reins and return to the court.
When I came back, I saw that the pond was still the same, the hibiscus beside Taiye Pond was still there, and the weeping willows in Weiyang Palace remained unchanged.
The hibiscus blooms like Yuhuan’s face, and the willow leaves resemble her eyebrows. How can you not feel sad at this scene?
The spring breeze blows open the peach and plum blossoms, which makes people feel extremely sad; the autumn rain drops on the sycamore leaves, making the scene even more lonely and miserable.
Xingqingguan and Ganlu Hall are in depression and overgrown with autumn grass. The steps in the palace were covered with fallen leaves, and no one had been sweeping them for a long time.
The actor's head has turned white, and the palace maid's beauty has faded. At night, fireflies were flying in the palace, and even though the lamp was exhausted, the king still couldn't sleep.
The more I count the sounds of bells and drums, the longer I feel the night becomes. Look at the stars and the sky in the distance, until the dawn shines in the east.
The frost flowers on the Yuanyang tiles are reborn, who sleeps with the king in the cold emerald quilt?
Yin and Yang have been apart for a year, why have you never come to me in my dreams?
A Taoist priest from Linqiong is living in Chang'an. It is said that he can summon the soul of a noble concubine with his magic.
He was moved by the king's longing for his concubine. He accepted the emperor's order, did not dare to neglect, searched diligently, and braved the wind from all sides.
Riding the clouds into the sky, moving horizontally and straight like lightning, ascending to heaven and earth, searching for heaven and earth, but all to no avail.
Suddenly I heard that there was a fairy mountain surrounded by white clouds on the sea.
The exquisitely carved pavilions are supported by colorful auspicious clouds. There are countless gods and goddesses, all of them graceful and graceful.
One of them has a very real character and a skin like snow and a flower-like appearance. She seems to be the concubine Yang Guifei the king is looking for.
The Taoist priest came to the west of Jinque, knocked on the jade courtyard door and called softly, asking Xiaoyu to call the maid Shuangcheng to report.
Taizhen woke up from his tent when he heard that the king's messenger had arrived. Putting on clothes, he pushed aside the pillow and left the sleeping tent. Open the screen and lower the bead curtain one by one.
Having just woken up from her sleep with her hair half combed, she walked out of the altar before she had time to dress up, with her flower crown crookedly on her head.
The gentle fairy wind blows and the sleeves flutter slightly, just like the dancing posture of colorful feathers, curling and tingling. Lonely
Lonely and sad face, with tears flowing down her face, like pear blossoms with rain in spring.
Looking lovingly at the emperor’s emissary, he asked him to express his deep gratitude to the king. After a long farewell on Mawei slope, the news and appearance were unclear.
The marriage in Zhaoyang Palace has been broken off for a long time, and the loneliness in Penglai Palace is still very long.
Looking back at the world, Chang'an has disappeared, leaving only dust and mist.
I can only express my deep feelings with the tokens from back then. You can bring the mother-of-pearl box and gold hairpin as a souvenir to the king.
The gold hairpin leaves one part, and the mother-in-law box leaves half of it. The gold hairpin splits the gold, and the mother-in-law box divides the treasure.
I hope our loving hearts are as loyal and strong as golden treasures, and we will always have the chance to meet again in heaven and on earth.
In parting, I asked the alchemist diligently to express my thoughts to the king, and the oath in his words was known only to the king and me.
On July 7th of that year, there was no one in the Hall of Eternal Life at midnight, so we made an oath of alliance.
In the sky, I wish to be like two birds flying together, and on the ground, I wish to be like branches growing side by side.
Even if it lasts forever, there will always be an end, but the hatred of life and death will never end.
Creative background
In the first year of Yuanhe (806) of Emperor Xianzong of Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi was appointed as the county captain of Yuxi (now Zhouzhi County, Xi'an City). One day, I visited Xianyou Temple near Maweiyi with my friends Chen Hong and Wang Zhifu, and talked about Li Longji and Yang Guifei. Wang Zhifu believes that outstanding things like this will disappear over time if they are not heavily processed and polished. He encouraged Bai Juyi: "Lots of happiness are deeper than poetry and more than love. How about singing it?" So Bai Juyi wrote this long poem. Because the last two sentences of the long poem are "Eternity will eventually end, and this hatred will last forever", so they called this poem "Song of Everlasting Sorrow". Chen Hong also wrote a legendary novel "The Song of Everlasting Sorrow".
Appreciation of Works
Ideological Content
"Song of Everlasting Sorrow" is, on the one hand, a major historical and political subject, and on the other hand, it is a unique folk work. Human nature and psychological themes with a long tradition. In his creation, Bai Juyi obeyed the cultural psychology of the nation and the poet's individual thoughts, that is, the traditional model and the author's subjective initiative coexisted at the same time. This is of course inseparable from the poet's life experience and outlook on life. Bai Juyi's life spanned the middle and late Tang Dynasty. His thought was bounded by the demotion of Jiangzhou Sima. He experienced two stages from actively joining the world to passively emerging from the world. He practiced the Confucian life model he believed in: "If you are prosperous, you can help the world; if you are poor, you can be alone." . The basic connotation of Bai Juyi's so-called "unique kindness" is to be optimistic and aware of fate, to be content and to keep peace. From this, it is connected with Buddhism and Lao Lao, and to accept fate and obey nature as the attitude towards the world. In his entire ideological system, "single kindness" and "combination of benefits" go hand in hand. "Giving to others is Yi Lu's career, and saving them is Zhuang Lao's morality" ("The Gentleman's Buqi Fu"). They are two aspects of a complete outlook on life. side. Before he was demoted, he worked hard for Yunlong and Fengpeng, and vigorously advocated the New Yuefu Movement with Yuan Zhen. It is precisely because of his great ambition when he was young and his political spirit to save the Tang Dynasty from its decline and save the people from the fire and water that he had enough courage to deal with such a major historical subject and summed it up with "not confused" Empress Tang Ming's half-life political gains and losses resulted in the song "Song of Everlasting Sorrow". In this way, the splitting of Tang Minghuang in his mind must be reflected in the image creation. It is precisely because the passionate Tang Ming Emperor and the Tang Ming Emperor who valued sex over country are a unity of opposites, so Bai Juyi wrote this story as the tragedy of a good emperor. The good emperor was confused and finally caused sorrow to himself and the people. The shaping of Tang Minghuang's character that we see in the works has rejected idealization and is the result of another kind of idealization. What is rejected is the idealization of the feudal ruling class that placed a full halo on the heads of emperors to elevate them to demigods. And this rejection itself includes another ideal of urban residents. Starting from the soil of the decline of the emperor's authority in real life, they imagined the leader of the feudal ruling class as an ordinary person like themselves, a man with love. , the humane and infatuated emperor who has troubles, mistakes, and shortcomings is no different from the protagonist in ordinary love stories. They idealized the emperor from another perspective. The idealized emperor should be a flesh-and-blood person like the common people. , not God. Bai Juyi, based on his people-centered thinking, conditionally accepted the urban residents' idealization of Tang Minghuang with some sublation, thus completing the shaping of the Tang Minghuang's image. After the poet was demoted to Jiangzhou, the status of "only good" and "Jianji" changed. His spiritual life and official career gradually changed, and finally he used "only good" to eliminate "Jianji". In the process of spiritual self-rescue, , Bai Juyi gradually shifted from paying attention to social politics to paying attention to individual life, and his love for free personality gradually surpassed his persistence in moral personality.
Literary status
This poem is one of Bai Juyi's most outstanding works and one of the examples of the close combination of lyric poetry and narrative poetry in the classical poetry of the motherland. At the beginning of the poem, there is some condemnation of the hero and heroine, but as it progresses, the poet enriches the story with his own feelings and imagination, giving this love tragedy a more universal significance, making both the author himself and the readers more aware of it. A high degree of sympathy was generated. To a certain extent, it has been separated from its historical original appearance and has become a sentimental "style" poem that mainly sings about the love between Li and Yang. In his early years, Xuanzong worked hard to govern, so he had the Kaiyuan rule; in his later years, he was dissolute and immoral, so he had the Tianbao chaos. Faced with this concrete reality, the poet developed contradictory and complex feelings towards this natural elder. Sometimes he praised and missed him, and sometimes he criticized and condemned him. "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" contains both. This is determined by the poet's understanding of historical events and social life.
In the process of creation, the author broke the rules that he adhered to when writing allegorical poems, such as "the facts are factual" and "not written for the sake of writing." Combined with the structure, strong lyricism runs through the whole process of the narrative. In terms of language, the syllables are harmonious, the sentence patterns are combined with parallel and prose, and the form and function of subject-object question and answer are used, making the whole poem swaying, vivid and full of artistic appeal. The tragic fate of man and the transcendence of this fate based on Zhuang Zen thought, the pursuit of spiritual freedom and spiritual joy. The characters are vivid, the language and tone are beautiful, and the lyrical description of the scene and the narrative are harmoniously blended. They are also the inspiration of "Song of Everlasting Sorrow". Artistic features.
Appreciation
In this long narrative poem, Song of Everlasting Regret, the author uses refined language, beautiful images, and a combination of narrative and lyrical techniques to narrate the story of Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei during the Anshi Rebellion. Love tragedy: their love was ruined by the rebellion they caused, and they are endlessly eating the bitter pill of this spirit. Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Concubine Yang were both historical figures. The poet did not stick to history, but relied on a little shadow of history, based on the legends of the people at that time and the songs of the neighbors, to create a twists and turns and moving story. Describe and sing it with the artistic form of looping, lingering and pathos. Because the stories and characters in the poem are all artistic and are complex and true representations of people in reality, they can create ripples in the hearts of readers of all ages.
The whole article is divided into three parts: from the beginning to "The Song of Shockingly Broken Colorful Feather Clothes" is the first part. The poet uses thirty-two sentences to write about the love life of Emperor Ming of Tang Dynasty and Concubine Yang, and tells the story of the love life. The situation brought about by the famine and chaos in the country and the outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion; the second part starts from "the smoke and dust arose in the Jiuchong City Tower" to "the soul never comes to sleep", with 42 sentences in total, it writes that Concubine Yang was killed in the Maweiyi Rebellion. And how Tang Xuanzong missed her after that; "Linqiong Taoist Hongdu Guest" to the end is the last part of the poem. The Taoist helped Tang Xuanzong go to the fairy mountain to find Yang Guifei.
The poet opened the poem with the sentence "The Emperor of the Han Dynasty paid great attention to beauty and thought of his country" to explain the causes of the disaster in the Tang Dynasty and reveal the tragic elements of the story. It seems very ordinary, as if the story should have been written from here, without the author having to put any thought into it. In fact, these seven words are of great content and are the outline of the whole story. They not only reveal the tragic factors of the story, but also evoke and governs the whole poem. Everything that follows follows from this. After that, the poem gradually unfolds, narrating layer by layer: First, it talks about Tang Xuanzong's emphasis on color, and after seeking it in every possible way, he finally takes Concubine Yang into his arms, who "looks back with a smile full of charm, and the pink and white in the sixth palace have no color." Then, he describes the beauty of Concubine Yang and describes how charming she is and why she is favored in the harem. "Sisters and brothers are all in the earth", as the saying goes "when one person attains enlightenment, chickens and dogs ascend to heaven", the Yang family became powerful and arrogant because of Concubine Yang. After acquiring Concubine Yang, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty lived a life of indulgence and pleasure, indulging in singing, dancing, drinking and sex all day long, so much so that "from then on the king did not go to court early in the morning." The poet repeatedly exaggerated this to point out the reasons for the outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion. This part is the foundation of the entire love tragedy and the internal cause of "everlasting hatred". "Through this period of realistic life in the palace, the poet ironically introduces us to the hero and heroine of the story: an emperor who values ??beauty over country, and a charming and pampered concubine. He also vividly hints to us that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was obsessed with lust. Misleading the country is the root of this tragedy.
In this love tragedy, the death of Concubine Yang is a key plot. The poet described in detail the scene of the emperor's soldiers fleeing into the southwest in a hurry after the Anshi Rebellion. The second part, especially the destruction of the love between Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei during this turmoil, is the reason why Yang Guifei died. , The infatuation has caused public outrage. Here, the poet describes the separation and death of the two people in six sentences: "The six armies had no choice but to die in front of them. There is no one to collect the flowers and leaves on the ground, and the green buds and jade are scratching their heads. The king hid his face and could not save him. He looked back and saw the blood and tears flowing. "The sadness is beyond words. Especially "The king hides his face and cannot be saved, looking back at the blood and tears flowing together." The poet uses delicate brushwork to express Xuanzong's inner contradiction and painful mood that he can't bear to part with but can't save. Come out.
The poet did not directly describe the pain of lovesickness of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty after the death of Concubine Yang. Instead, he captured the heart-wrenching "hate" in the character's spiritual world to express the gentle and desolate feelings of lovesickness. "The king and his ministers take care of each other, everything is covered with clothes" to "The soul has never dreamed of coming": It writes that Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty returned to the capital from Shu after the situation stabilized, and passed by Maweipo to seduce and sad things. After returning to the capital, he was even more moved by the scene and couldn't let it go. The sentimental feelings of thinking about things day and night. After returning to the palace, things have changed. I feel sad when I see things during the day. I can’t sleep at night because I can’t even think about it day and night. I put my hope in dreams. How many months have passed since life and death: "The soul never comes to dream". The "hate" of "eternal hatred" is touching.
From "Linqiong Taoist Hongdu Guest" to the end of the poem, he writes. Helping Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty to find Concubine Yang. The poet used a romantic approach, suddenly going to heaven and then to earth, "the blue sky above and the yellow spring below, both places are nowhere to be seen."
Later, Yang Guifei was found on the ethereal fairy mountain on the sea, and she reappeared in the fairyland in the image of "a jade face lonely with tears, a pear blossom with spring rain", and she enthusiastically welcomed the Han family's envoys. The poem reiterates the previous oath, reflects Tang Xuanzong's longing for her, and further deepens and exaggerates the theme of "everlasting regret". At the end of the poem, he concludes with "Eternity and eternity will eventually end, and this hatred will last forever", which points out the theme and responds to the beginning. It also achieves "the sound is clear", giving readers room for association and aftertaste.
The first thing that gives us the enjoyment of artistic beauty in "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" is the touching and moving story in the poem, as well as the exquisite and unique artistic conception of the poem. The center of the whole article is the song "Eternal Regret", but the poet starts from the "heavy color" and tries his best to elaborate and exaggerate it. "The sun rises high", "does not go to bed early", "nights focus on the night", "not enough", etc., seem to be extremely happy, like a comedy scene. However, the extreme happiness reflects the endless hatred behind it. . Tang Xuanzong's debauchery harmed the country, which led to political tragedy, which in turn led to the love tragedy between him and Yang Guifei. The creator of the tragedy finally becomes the protagonist of the tragedy. This is a special and twisty part of the story, and it is also the reason why the hero and heroine in the poem have "eternal hatred". Many people have said in the past that "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" has an allegorical meaning, and this is where the allegorical meaning of this poem lies. The poet's depiction of the death of Concubine Yang Guifei in Maweipo was extremely delicate, and he vividly expressed Tang Xuanzong's inner conflicts and painful feelings that he couldn't bear to part with but couldn't save. Because of this "bloody and tearful" farewell, there is that endless hatred. Subsequently, the poet used many pens and inks to repeatedly exaggerate Tang Xuanzong's longing for Yang Guifei from various aspects. But the storyline of the poem does not stop at one emotional point. Instead, as the character's inner world is revealed layer by layer, it senses the constant changes in his scenery, moves the time and story forward, and uses the characters' thoughts and feelings to develop and expand. Promote the development of the plot. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty went to Shu after a farewell, and felt very sad and miserable in his heart. On the way back to Shu, he revisited old places, which brought back sad memories. After returning to the palace, he felt sad after seeing things during the day, and couldn't sleep at night. I thought about it day and night but couldn't get it, so I put my hope in dreams, but it turned out that "it has been years since birth and death, and my soul has never had a dream." At this point in the poem, the "hate" of "everlasting regret" has been written very touchingly, and it seems that the story can end here. However, the poet changed his writing style, opened up a different realm, and with the help of the colorful wings of imagination, he conceived a charming and moving fairyland, pushing the plot of the tragic story to a climax, making the story more twists and turns, with ups and downs, and waves. This turn of events is both unexpected and reasonable. Due to the constant conflicts and collisions between subjective desires and objective reality, the poem vividly expresses the characters' ever-changing psychology, making the story more vivid and moving.
"Song of Everlasting Regret" is a narrative poem with a strong lyrical component. The poet uses the lyrical techniques that Chinese traditional poetry is good at in narrating stories and shaping characters, harmoniously combining narrative, scene description and lyricism. , forming the lyrical looping characteristics of poetry. The poet sometimes injects the characters' thoughts and feelings into the scenery, and uses the refraction of the scenery to highlight the characters' mood; sometimes he captures the characteristic scenery and things around the characters, and expresses the inner feelings through the characters' feelings about them, rendering them layer by layer, just right. It expresses the difficult-to-reach feelings deep in the heart of the characters. On the way Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled to the southwest, there were yellow dust, plank roads, and high mountains everywhere. The sun was dim, the flags were dull, and the autumn scenery was desolate. This is a sad autumn scenery to highlight the sadness of the characters. In Shu, facing the green mountains and green waters, I still can't forget my love day and night. The mountains and rivers in Sichuan were originally beautiful, but in the eyes of the lonely and sad Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the "green" of the mountains and the "blue" of the water also made people sad. The beauty of nature should be enjoyed in a peaceful state of mind, but he did not, which only increased the pain in his heart. This is to write about sadness through beautiful scenery, making the emotion deeper. The moonlight in the palace and the ringing of bells in the rainy night are already very sultry. The poet seizes these ordinary but characteristic things and brings people into a sad and heart-broken state. In addition, the sight and sound, the color One sound, intertwined with each other, and the language and tone also show the character's inner sorrow and desolation, which is another level. On the way back to Dudu, "the world was spinning", which was originally a happy thing, but the old things were over again, and the beautiful face was gone, and I couldn't help but shed tears of sadness. The narrative adds another layer of painful memories. After returning to Chang'an, "When I came back, the ponds and gardens were all the same. The hibiscus in Taiye was like the willows. The hibiscus was like the face and the willows were like the eyebrows. How could I not shed tears at this?" During the day, due to the triggering of the environment and scenery, I associate the scenery with the people. The scenery remains the same, but the people are gone. I can't help but burst into tears. I seem to see the face of Concubine Yang from the beauty rong flowers in Taiye Pond and the good willows in Weiyang Palace. Pi. It shows the extremely complex and subtle inner activities of the characters. "The fireflies in the evening hall are quietly thinking, and the solitary lamps are all used up before they fall asleep. The night is long with bells and drums, and the stars are about to dawn." Written from dusk to dawn, it concentratedly expresses the scene of being lingered by emotions at night and being unable to sleep for a long time. This kind of bitter longing is like this "when the peach and plum blossoms bloom in the spring breeze", and it is also like this in "the autumn rain when the sycamore leaves fall". When I saw that the "Liyuan Disciples" and "Ajian Qing'e" from those years had turned gray and faded, which aroused my longing for the joys of the past, I felt sad. From the loose yellow leaves to the green mountains of Shu, from the rain in the palace to the return of a triumphant victory, from day to night, from spring to autumn, we touch things and feel sad everywhere, and think about people when we see things, repeatedly exaggerating the hard pursuit of the protagonist in the poem from all aspects and searching. If you can't find it in real life, go to the dream to find it; if you can't find it in the dream, go to the fairyland to find it.
Such ups and downs and layers of rendering make the characters' emotions spiral and reach a climax. It is through such layers of rendering that the poet repeatedly expresses emotions and goes back and forth to make the characters' thoughts and feelings deeper and richer, making the poems "delicate in texture" and more artistically appealing.
The rhinoceros stirred the ground and shocked the song "The Song of Colorful Clothes and Feathers." He also said: "The king hid his face and could not be saved. Looking back at the blood and tears flowing together, this is extremely rude." The waiter helped him up and was weak. When Cheng Enze said this, it is almost impossible to hide his ears. "Then the parents of the world will not be reborn as men and reborn as women." These words are what Lotte thinks he is proud of, but they are also very shallow."
"'The fireflies in the evening hall are quietly thinking, and the solitary lanterns are all used up before they fall asleep.' This is particularly ridiculous; although the south is desolate, why bother lighting up solitary lanterns?"
Zhao Yi's "Oubei Poetry Talk": "Poets from ancient times , and there is no one who has gained such a name so quickly and widely. His story is easy to convey, and the things that can be easily conveyed are wonderful words that can be sung and wept. Scholars lamented that it was out of reach, and women also liked to hear it and recited it. It spread like wildfire all over the world. There was also a poem called "Pipa Xing" that was not collected at all. Since it is immortal, there are also 3,840 poems, and there are so many works!"
Wang Mao's "Yeke Series": "Poets have their own ideas in their satirical poems, and viewers should not be confused by them!" "Wen Jian Lu" says: "The fireflies in the evening palace are quietly thinking, and the solitary lamps are all out before they fall asleep." Is there any reason why the Emperor Ming lights up his own lamp in the Xingqing Palace? "Guest Talk" said: Chen Wuji's "Ancient Mo Xing" said, "It is almost half spring in Ruisi Palace, and the lights are dim, and the songs and dances are scattered. I wrote a small letter to answer the border ministers, and the wind and smoke of the world are coming." ', it is a scene of the village and town at night, Ruisi Palace should not be like this. , The words are high and the candles are expensive, so how can there be such hatred and evil intentions? The viewer can appreciate the sentiment. "
Zhou Zizhi's "Zhupo Poetry Talk": "Bai Letian. "Song of Everlasting Regret" says: "The jade face is lonely and full of tears, and a pear blossom carries rain in the spring." Everyone likes his work, but he doesn't know that his charm is close to the common custom. Look at the rain on the pear branches. 'Although it is written in Lotte language, it has a different flavor. It cannot be achieved without turning iron into a golden hand.'
Wang Guowei's "Human Words": "With the song of everlasting regret." Cai, and the things he was assigned were only the four words "Xiaoyu Shuangcheng", which was enough. ”
About the author
Bai Juyi (772-846), a poet of the Tang Dynasty. His courtesy name was Letian and his name was Xiangshan Jushi. He was originally from Taiyuan (now part of Shanxi) and was the sixth generation ancestor of the Five Soldiers of the Northern Qi Dynasty. Shangshu Bai Jian moved to Hancheng, and his great-grandfather moved to Xiagui (now northeast of Weinan, Shaanxi Province). He was awarded the title of Jinshi in Zhenyuan and was awarded the title of Secretary Provincial Secretary. The murderer who assassinated the prime minister Wu Yuanheng offended the powerful and was demoted to the post of Sima of Jiangzhou. He was appointed as the governor of Hangzhou in the early years of Changqing and the governor of Suzhou in the early years of Baoli. In literature, he advocated that "articles should be written according to the times." He is an advocate of the New Yuefu Movement. His poems are written in popular language. Together with Yuan Zhen, he is also known as "Yuan Bai", and with Liu Yuxi, he is also known as "Liu Bai". There is "Bai Shi Changqing Collection".