Many people are usually confused and ask the above questions. In my opinion, it is mainly understood from two aspects. One is the role of military discipline and military merit, and the other is the influence of the times. The role of military discipline and military merit First of all, no matter what era, military discipline and military merit are necessary prerequisites to ensure the implementation of military orders on the battlefield. There is a saying in China's ancient book "Wei Shu": Ordinary people get carried away because of their great potential, and those who are not afraid when they touch a white blade, first, seek glory, second, be greedy for rewards, third, be afraid of punishment, and fourth, avoid disasters. Without these things, the holy king can't convince the minister, and the loving father can't help his son. If a wise master knows his feelings, he will be rewarded and punished, making him close, noble and humble, brave and timid, virtuous and foolish, hearing the sound of bells and drums, seeing flags, striving for the enemy's field, being tireless for a long time and dying untimely. The stakes are hanging in the air and I can't stop. This book clearly shows the role of military discipline and military achievements in the army. ? The greatest test of the courage of the soldiers in the front row is the period when they line up to shoot. Whether the soldier in the front row can survive in this period can only rely on God to issue good cards, whether he is defending or charging with a bayonet. In terms of military discipline, there are many typical examples of strict military discipline in China. Here is one of them, Qi Jiajun of the Ming Dynasty. During the Pingwa War in the southeast coast, Qi Jiguang wrote a new book on discipline and efficiency based on his experience in training and managing the army. The description of military discipline in the book is: "Whoever retreats from the enemy first will be beheaded." . If Commander A fails to retreat and is killed, Commander A will be generous and considerate, and the remaining soldiers will be beheaded. If you retreat for a long time, or retreat completely, behead its captain. If the captain does not retreat, the soldiers will retreat, and those who are killed in the team will be kind to their captain's home. Every soldier in our team has to pay two months' food and wages, which will be taken away by the dead captain's family and the captain will be beheaded. If all the captains retreat at the first whistle, the captain will be beheaded. The sentry will be killed if he doesn't leave, but the soldiers will abandon him. Their captain will be beheaded, and soldiers will be fined for work and food in February to show sympathy for the sentry's home. If the soldiers of a sentry and that sentry both retreat, they will be beheaded. If the sentry does not leave, the soldiers below the sentry head will retreat, all the sentry heads will be beheaded, and the work and food will be given to the sentry family. From the top to the top, to the general manager, generals and other officials, all sit together, one integrated mass. All the so-called workers are punished for eating food, and they are still bound by military law and will not die, but they are also punished for eating food, not just for eating food. "Under this strict system of sitting together, it really ensures the military discipline and the basic combat effectiveness of the army. In particular, the Yuanyang Array invented by Qi Jiguang relies on the cooperation of various arms and services in the class, and only by strict military discipline can it play a basic role. Otherwise, the retreat of one or two people will lead to the collapse of the whole team. ? Qi Jiguang's Yuanyang Array emphasizes the coordination of arms, especially the need for strict military discipline. Western armies also attach importance to military discipline, one of which is the invention of the gendarmerie system. Gendarmerie was born in France during the Hundred Years' War between Britain and France. At that time, due to the complex sources of troops participating in the war, the troops were difficult to manage and often violated military orders. In order to ensure the implementation of military orders and the order of the participating troops, two French marshals each appointed a captain, who led a team composed of a small number of cavalry to investigate and deal with soldiers and mercenaries who violated discipline. These two captains are also called "captains of marshals". Since then, the military police system has developed continuously, and spread throughout Europe with the Napoleonic Wars, and now it is widely used all over the world. ? South Korean military police on duty in Panmunjom. In modern wars, there are two typical cases of military discipline. One is * * * "Three Disciplines and Eight Notices", which embodies the fine tradition and code of conduct of the people of China and the essence and purpose of the people's army. The other was issued by Stalin at the most difficult moment of the Battle of Stalingrad in World War II. "Don't take a step back!" ! "command, this1order No.227 issued on July 28, 942, finally helped the Soviets through the most difficult time and won the turning point of World War II. In terms of military achievements, there are many typical examples in China in the past dynasties, but the most representative one is Qin's "military knighthood system" in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The core idea of Qin's rank system is that anyone who makes meritorious service by killing the enemy can get a title and reward. The title system of Qin State has 20 grades from low to high-from the first-class title of men to the twentieth-class title. How important is the military title system of Qin State to ordinary people? Simply explain-if a soldier seizes the heads of two enemies on the battlefield, the parents of the captive can immediately become free men, and if the wife is a slave, she can also become a civilian. The military title can be passed down and replaced by her father. It's really one person who gets the military merit, and the whole family benefits. In the west, this kind of representative is the rank system. The process of ranking formation is complicated, and interested friends can search for information in multiple ways for comparison. On the one hand, the role of rank is to define the rank of the army, and at the same time, to bring soldiers into the rank system of the army and define the promotion channels of military personnel at all levels. The salaries and benefits corresponding to ranks at all levels are also different. It is precisely because of the rank system that Napoleon's sentence "A soldier who doesn't want to be a marshal is not a good soldier" has become a famous saying that has been passed down to this day. The influence of the times, military discipline and military achievements are the same core of the formation of the combat effectiveness of soldiers in each era, and they are also two main points that can answer the above questions. However, due to the different objective conditions, different times also have different effects on soldiers. Ancient times: Due to the low level of productivity and science and technology, there was no upward channel for the flow of personnel in the whole society, and both the East and the West paid more attention to strict military discipline and a military service system with higher rewards. In ancient times, soldiers who rushed to the front of the battlefield faced more severe threats, and they would face direct attacks from cold weapons such as swords, bows and arrows. Soldiers in the rear are indeed safer if they are separated from the attack distance of long-range cold weapons such as bows and arrows or even longer-range crossbows or trebuchets. ? Ancient military operations relied more on strict military discipline and higher rewards. Modern times: At this time, because of the development of productivity and science and technology, the national and ethnic consciousness gradually awakened, and the soldiers' willingness to fight from the national and ethnic identity became stronger and stronger. In modern times, the soldiers who rushed to the forefront of the battlefield faced a greater threat than in ancient times. First, cold weapons are becoming more and more mature in this era. Second, due to the short shooting distance, the appearance of thermal weapon guns is more obvious. However, because of the appearance of hot weapon-gun, the attack area of the battlefield has expanded dozens of times, and the soldiers in the relative rear have begun to face direct threats. ? The Napoleonic War is a typical modern war. Soldiers from both sides will fight with rifles, charge with bayonets, artillery will attack the enemy array from a long distance, and cavalry will detour or attack the enemy artillery positions. World War I and World War II: During World War I and World War II, mankind has entered the industrial age, and the war has completely entered the era of hot weapons. During this period, the national and ethnic consciousness of the participating countries was further strengthened, and the soldiers' willingness to fight based on national and ethnic identity became stronger and firmer. For example, during World War I, the death rate of 6 million British men who went to war was 12.5%. At that time, the casualty rate of British nobles and aristocratic children who joined the army was as high as 45%. Most of these nobles served as officers, and for the sake of national responsibility and military honor, most of them charged ahead and retreated behind. On the other hand, the battlefield environment has also begun to change dramatically. An answer from Yin Jixian, a veteran of Zhihu Platform, is very suitable for the battlefield environment at this time. You ask: Almost all soldiers who rushed to the front line during the war will die. I don't know. Soldiers within 200 meters of the enemy on the battlefield are only threatened by guns and can climb, roll and avoid. It is dangerous to roll with small caliber guns in the range of 200 meters to 1000 meters from the enemy, and it is dangerous to roll with large and medium caliber guns in the range of 1000 meters to 10000 meters. 10000 was threatened by an airplane. It can be said that in wartime, no place is safe. China is going to war now, and you and your home are not safe. " On this basis, a little expansion, during World War I and World War II, the biggest threat of artillery within 200 meters is light and heavy machine guns, and the biggest threat from 200 meters to 1000 meters is mortars, infantry guns and tanks. 1000 m to 10000 m are mainly field guns, howitzers, cannons and rockets. ? The poster of the movie hacksaw ridge restored the battlefield situation of the charge campaign in the Pacific War. Modern War: Since modern times, human civilization has entered a period of high development, the national and ethnic consciousness has never been higher, and the military welfare pension system has been established and improved. On the other hand, the diversity of social development makes soldiers sincerely willing to participate in the war and make contributions, even more than before. At the same time, the development of military science and technology makes the battlefield environment more three-dimensional and global. The U.S. military began to practice non-contact operations and pursue zero casualties on the battlefield-emphasizing the indirect attack of high-tech long-range firepower on the enemy, killing the enemy's effective forces while leaving and avoiding direct close combat with the enemy. Under the guidance of the US military, the armies of mainstream countries around the world are working in this direction. ? The MQ-9 Reaper UAV launched Hellfire missiles. New weapons and services have also increased the threat to people on the ground throughout the region. Automatic Grenade launchers, rocket launchers, anti-tank missiles, individual air defense missiles, combat robots, etc. can all be used in close range. There are large-caliber howitzers, howitzers, long-range rockets, large and medium-sized unmanned aerial vehicles, and new types of bombs such as rocket extended-range bombs, bottom-row bombs, terminal-sensitive bombs and guided shells. There are tactical ballistic missiles, strategic ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, air-to-surface missiles, cluster bombs, guided bombs, fighter bombers, attack aircraft, bombers and so on. So today, soldiers who are at the forefront of the front line or stay behind are constantly threatened by the battlefield. What really motivates them to go forward is to have a strong country as the backing.