1, Fred Luthans?
Lucens is a professor in Nebraska, USA. 1973 published the article "Contingency management theory: the road out of the jungle".
1976 published Introduction to Management: Contingency Theory. This paper systematically introduces the contingency management theory, and puts forward the viewpoint that various management theories can be unified by contingency theory.
2、? Joan Woodward (1916-1971)?
In 1950s, Joan Woodward, a female management scientist, and her assistants conducted a wide-ranging survey of more than 65,438,000 companies in South Essex, England. On this basis, they published "Industrial Organization: Theory and Practice" in 65,438+0965, which proved that there is a direct correlation between the technical subsystem and the structural subsystem of enterprise organization.
3. Fred e. Federer?
Federer studied at the University of Chicago in his early years and received a doctorate. After graduation, he stayed at the University of Chicago as a teacher. 0. 195 1 moved to Illinois and became a professor of psychology and director of the group effectiveness laboratory of the University of Illinois. 1969, Fidler went to Washington University as a professor of psychology and management, and concurrently served as a professor at Amsterdam University in the Netherlands and Lux University in Belgium.
Federer is a famous psychologist and management scientist in contemporary America. He conducted a survey of 195 15 years from 19565438. He put forward the contingency model of effective leadership. He believes that any form of leadership may be effective, and the key is that leaders must adapt to the environmental situation.
Main works: Make the work suitable for managers (1965), leadership style and effective management.
Contingency theory school is a school that studies the relationship between organizations and subsystems, as well as the relationship between organizations and their environment, and determines the relationship types and structural types of various variables. The rise of school and the further development of American empiricism school in the late 1960s and early 1970s.