(selected from Zhenguan politicians)
1. What is the main content of this article?
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Emperor Taizong had a fine horse that he loved very much. He was fed in the palace and died suddenly. When Emperor Taizong was angry and raised a horse, the palace officials would kill him.
4. Couplets.
The first part: the resourceful Kong Ming skillfully borrows arrows; the second part: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The third part: _
Reference answer 1. (Tang) Emperor Taizong died suddenly because he loved horses, and wanted to kill the horse-keeper. After being persuaded by the queen, he changed his mind.
2. Curve suggested that Qi Jinggong should not kill the horse keeper.
3. Emperor Taizong has a good horse/loves it/keeps it in the palace/suddenly dies of illness/Emperor Taizong angrily keeps a imperial secretary/kills it.
4. Slightly (to the right). Example: ① The skill is high and bold, Wukong bravely fights demons, ② Righteousness covers the sky, Guan Yu lets Cao go privately, ③ Sentimentality, Daiyu hurts flowers)
2. The first impression that Emperor Taizong Li Shimin left for most people was probably the humble coachable.
Admittedly, he is not humble. It just went in one ear and out the other, and after listening to the opinions of my liegeman, I still did what I originally wanted to do.
Get a good reputation, but also enjoy it. Ideal saint: The image of an enlightened and easily trained person is so certain that the general public always needs to look up to it.
So history, like real life, needs idols, especially emperors with idol temperament. Emperor Taizong seems to have been quite cooperative in this regard.
Encouraged by Emperor Taizong's exhortation, the monarchs and ministers in Zhenguan once really formed the atmosphere of speaking out and admonishing ministers. Pei Ju, Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, was able to boldly remonstrate and fight for it in the Sui Dynasty.
Sima Guang said: "Pei Ju was loyal to the Tang Dynasty because of the change of his nature;" If you hate it, your loyalty will become loyalty, and if you are willing to speak out, your loyalty will become loyalty. "Go your own way: coachable listens with an open mind and does what you want. According to the second volume of Zhenguan Dignitary, in the fourth year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong ordered the repair of Luoyang Gonggan Yangdian to prepare for the inauguration tour.
Zhang wrote a letter of protest. Although Emperor Taizong was very unhappy, he did not have an attack, but ordered "to stop all work immediately". He also took advantage of the topic and said, "It is better to admire a scholar than to be immune to it."
However, it is recorded in Zi Jian (Volume 193) that the following year, just after the renovation of Jiucheng Palace, Emperor Taizong once again proposed to rebuild Luoyang Palace. This time, Dai Zhou, Minister of Civil Affairs, stood up against Cobb, who is still open-minded. He not only praised Dai Zhou for "serving the country faithfully and knowing everything", but also promoted him to an official position.
However, after a while, Emperor Taizong could not help but order Dou Zhuo to repair Luoyang Palace. There are many scattered records in the history books about things like advice when most needed is least heeded, one step at a time and so on.
Emperor Taizong, who is "open-minded and teachable", is just a "moral illusion" of the "inner sage and outer king" concocted by Confucian scholars and Emperor Taizong himself. Ministers tried their best to suppress Tang Taizong's selfish desires and put him into the correct track of "being a saint inside and a king outside", so they frequently remonstrated.
Emperor Taizong, on the other hand, accepted almost every suggestion and gave little reward to those who made it, but there was little change in his actions: after giving it to members of parliament, he would still go hunting if he wanted to; Want to build a new house, or will you? But the coach's secret: formalism has shaped the image of a generation of sages. Looking back at the history of Zhenguan period, it is not difficult to find Li Shimin's strong performance traces.
The talented emperor was so concerned about his image in the history books that he deliberately revised his every move. More than once, he tried to create a glorious image of his simple life and cherishing the people's strength by talking with his officials.
During the twenty years of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong did accept too many admonitions, but acceptance is one thing and implementation is another, and most of them were not effectively implemented in the end. When he fully demonstrated his magnanimous demeanor in court, and when his tolerance for offending face was recorded by historians, he soon forgot the specific content of the advice.
For Emperor Taizong, it is important to accept the proposal, not the content. It is worth noting that for Confucian intellectuals, especially civil servants, it is only important to be influenced by them, not to implement the content that is easily influenced by them, because all they need is a "representative of ordinary destiny."
Therefore, in the political ideal of Confucianism, the whole meaning of Emperor Taizong is just a utopia of "inner saints and outer kings". As for the rule of Zhenguan, in addition to giving people enough "deification", there is only a perfect formalism.
3. Who knows; Can be tested, the translator of this classical Chinese, Tang Taizong, stayed in Zhenguan for three years. Tang Taizong said: "There are more articles than writing a letter. The walls of the house are always glued together, so diligent people want to do their best. Every time they think about politics, or sleep on the third night, they also hope that the public will be diligent and have a pair of arms. " Zhenguan (Li Shimin year number) is also three years. I always put my passbook on the wall and look at it every day when I go in and out. In this way, I worked diligently and tried my best to understand what the courtiers wanted to say.
I often think about politics and sometimes I don't rest until after midnight. I also hope that ministers will work tirelessly to repay my heart. "。
Emperor Taizong's explanation is acceptable, and the facts tell us. In the original text, I tried my best to seek treatment and led Wei Zhengren's bedroom to visit the gains and losses; I'm glad to know everything, Kingdom of Ghana. He sent messengers to point soldiers, and Feng Deyi played: "Although middle-aged people are not eighteen years old, their trunks are getting older." Follow it. Chueh-hui, Wei Zhi stubbornly believes that this is impossible and refuses to give an idea. As for counting to four. He was very angry and summoned him and said, "Those strong men are traitors and liars to avoid conscription, so what harm can they get?" But Qing is so stubborn! " Yes, he said, "not many men and women can get their way in defense." Your majesty takes its strength and defends it with Tao, which is invincible in the world. Why should we take more weaknesses to increase imaginary numbers? And every time your majesty says,' I rule the world with integrity, I hope my subjects will not be cheated.' It's only been a few days since I acceded to the throne, and countless people have broken their promises! "Yu Ze said in astonishment," What have I broken? "He said," When your Majesty first acceded to the throne, he wrote a letter saying,' Exempt me from official property.' Some departments think that the people in charge of the state department of the Qin government are not official things, and the collection is the same. Your majesty promoted the king of Qin as the son of heaven, which is a matter for the State Council, not an official matter! He also said:' Guanzhong is exempt from rent adjustment for two years, and it will be given another year in Guanzhong. Then there is a sentence:' people who have been convinced and lost, since the beginning of the year.' After the separation, Fangduo recovered. No wonder people are solid. Now that we have got something, we will be soldiers again. What do you mean, since the beginning of the year? Moreover, your majesty's rule of the world lies in keeping the slaughter, living a simple life, and being salty and appointed; As for soldiers, if they are suspected of cheating alone, they will rule. This is the so-called honesty! Shang Yue said, "I think you are stubborn, and I doubt that you are qualified for political affairs. Today, you discuss the general situation of the country and do your best. If you don't believe your husband's orders, * * * doesn't know what to do. How to rule the world? I'm too deep! ; I don't want to be a man, but I will get a gold medal.
(Zi Jian, Volume 1992)
Emperor Taizong tried his best to govern the country, and repeatedly let Wei Zhi enter the bedroom to ask about political gains and losses. Wei Zhi knew everything, and Emperor Taizong was willing to adopt it. When Taizong drafted the army, Feng Deyi said, "Middle-aged men who are under the age of 18 but are physically strong can also be recruited together." Emperor Taizong agreed. When the law came out, Wei Zhi insisted that he would not sign it, so he ran back and forth four times. Emperor Taizong was furious and called him into the palace, blaming him: "All the strong men in China lied about their age to avoid military service. What's the harm in recruiting them, but you are so stubborn! " Wei Zhi replied: "The army is commanded by morality, not by numbers. Your majesty recruits talents and talents, and moral orders are invincible in the world. Why recruit more young people to fill the vacancy? Besides, Your Majesty always said, "I govern the world with sincerity and trust so that people will not cheat." Now your majesty has been in office for a long time, but he has broken his word many times! "Taizong asked in amazement," how did I break my word? Wei Zhi replied: "as soon as your majesty ascended the throne, he wrote a letter saying:' all the property owed by the people to the government will be exempted.' The relevant departments believe that the property owed to Qin is not official property and is still being collected. Your majesty ascended the throne from the king of Qin. What are the properties of the state treasury that are not the property of the court? Your majesty also said:' rent adjustment in Guanzhong area is free for two years, and corvee in other areas is free for one year.' Soon there was another decree saying,' Those who pay taxes and serve corvees will start next year.' Wait until the tax refund is over, and then start collecting it, so that ordinary people can't take the blame. At present, we are collecting rents and recruiting soldiers. How can it be said that the year began? Moreover, it is these local officials who jointly govern the world with your majesty and entrust them to handle daily affairs; Soldiers are suspected of cheating when recruiting. Is this the way to govern the country with sincerity? Emperor Taizong said happily: "I thought you were stubborn before and thought you didn't understand government affairs. Now you are talking about state affairs, and you have hit the nail on the head;" How can the state govern when the decrees are false and the people are at a loss? My fault is deep! "So, instead of recruiting middle school boys, he gave Wei Zheng a gold medal.
The interpretation of Shangshu says: "He who can be complacent as a teacher is king, and he who is not himself dies." It is said that people who can be virtuous and healthy can rule the world, and those who think that others are not as good as themselves will surely perish; Yang Di was arrogant, didn't listen to advice, and finally died. Emperor Taizong realized that "people can be remonstrated instead of remonstrated", so the rule of Zhenguan was praised by later generations.
Emperor Taizong's employing people and coachable are both the causes and important manifestations of Zhenguan rule. They are people-oriented, open-minded and good at receiving guidance. Reuse talents and appoint people on their merits is the criterion; Impatience and selflessness, and the tolerance of doing things according to law; It constitutes the basic characteristics of Zhenguan rule and becomes the best example of feudal rule. Compared with the western countries at that time, the Tang Dynasty was at the forefront of the world in politics, economy and culture. Later feudal emperors, such as Ming Di in the Tang Dynasty, were open-minded and modest in coachable. It can be said that as an emperor, he is a good emperor who can use good people and listen to rumors. Today's managers also apply these two rules.
5. "Emperor Taizong" tells how the queen advised Emperor Taizong according to the content of the article. According to historical records, the eldest grandson loved reading since childhood, and even when dressing up, he could always talk with Emperor Taizong about the past and the present, which was of great benefit to her husband's state affairs and saved the court from unjust punishment.
The eldest grandson not only loves reading, but may even have a good chat with her husband, so once a beloved horse of Emperor Taizong suddenly died of illness and wanted to kill him. Instead of directly pleading for the imperial secretary, the eldest grandson told her husband a story they had read together: "In the past, Qi Jinggong wanted to kill people because the horse died, so Yan Zi asked to list the sins of the horse breeder." Let the monarch kill for the death of a horse. If the people know, they will certainly blame our monarch. This is your second crime. When the princes hear the news, they will despise our country. This is your third crime. "Hearing this, Qi Jinggong pardoned the horse breeder.
Your majesty saw it once when he was studying, didn't you forget? After listening to his wife's words, Emperor Taizong naturally understood, so later the other party said, "The queen can inspire and influence me in many things and is very good to me. Not only that, the eldest grandson often protected the heroes of the DPRK from punishment when Emperor Taizong was furious. Once when Emperor Taizong returned to the palace, he flew into a rage and said, "I will find a chance to kill this hillbilly in the future! When the eldest grandson asked who angered His Majesty, Emperor Taizong replied, "Wei Zhi often humiliated me in court. "
So the eldest grandson immediately stepped down, put on his royal clothes and stood in the yard to congratulate his husband. Emperor Taizong was surprised to ask his wife why. The eldest grandson replied with a smile: "I heard that if the monarch is enlightened, his subjects will be upright." Now Wei Zhi is upright and dares to speak, because he has enlightened majesty. How can I not congratulate him! " So Emperor Taizong turned anger into joy, and Wei Zhi, who is famous for admonishing ministers, survived.