Introduction to Lu Xun

Lu Xun (September 25, 1881-October 19, 1936), whose original name was Zhou Zhangshou and whose courtesy name was Hencai, was later renamed Zhou Shuren. At the age of thirty-eight, he began to use "Lu Xun" as his pen name. A native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang (original from Zhengyang County, Henan Province), he is a writer, thinker and revolutionary. Lu Xun's spirit is called the soul of the Chinese nation, and he is one of the founders of modern Chinese literature. His mother Lu Rui and his father Zhou Boyi. In this life, he wrote more than 100 novels, essays, and essays.

Lu Xun was born in a declining scholar-bureaucrat family. In 1898, he went to Nanjing to study. He first entered the Jiangnan Naval Academy, and the following year was admitted to the Mining and Railway School attached to the Jiangnan Naval Academy. During this period, he came into contact with the "science" and "democracy" of the Western bourgeoisie. In 1902, he went to Japan to study and entered Hongbun College in Tokyo. In 1904, he went to Sendai Medical College to study medicine, but two events that happened there had a great impact on him, so he gave up studying medicine.

Lu Xun's personal overview

"Lu Xun" is the pen name of "Zhou Shuren", but the original name of "Lu Xun" is not "Zhou Shuren", but "Zhou Zhangshou". "Zhou Shuren" is the former name or alias of "Lu Xun"; while "Zhou Zhangshou" is not the nickname of "Lu Xun", but a very solemn notation.

Works and introduction

When he went to Nanjing to study in 1898, he changed his name to Zhou Shuren. Lu Xun (Zhou Shuren) is the eldest brother, Zhou Zuoren is the second eldest brother, and Zhou Jianren is the third eldest brother (the younger brother in "The Kite"). "Lu Xun" was the pen name he started using when writing for "New Youth" in 1918, and has since become the most respected pen name in the world. Born into a run-down feudal family. In his youth, he was influenced by the theory of evolution, Nietzsche's philosophy of the Superman and Tolstoy's thought of philanthropy. In 1902, he went to Japan to study. He originally studied medicine at Sendai Medical College and later engaged in literary and artistic work, hoping to change the national spirit. From 1905 to 1907, he participated in the activities of the revolutionary party and published papers such as "On the Power of Moro Poetry" and "On Cultural Partiality". During this period, he returned to China and married his wife Zhu An at the order of his mother. In 1909, together with his brother Zhou Zuoren, he co-translated "Collection of Foreign Novels" to introduce foreign literature. He returned to China in the same year and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing.

After the Revolution of 1911, he served as a minister and minister of education in the Nanjing Provisional Government and the Beijing Government, and also taught at Peking University, Women's Normal University and other schools. In May 1918, he used the pen name "Lu Xun" for the first time to publish the first vernacular novel in the history of modern Chinese literature, "The Diary of a Madman", which laid the cornerstone of the New Literature Movement. Before and after the May 4th Movement, he participated in the work of "New Youth" magazine and became the main leader of the "May 4th" New Culture Movement.

Between 1918 and 1926, he successively wrote and published the novel collections "Scream", "Wandering", "New Stories", essay collections "Grave", "Hot Wind", "Huagai Collection", "Huagai" Collections and sequels", prose poetry collection "Wild Grass", prose collection "Morning Blossoms Plucked at Dusk" and other special collections have been included in various teaching materials. Among them, "The True Story of Ah Q" was published in December 1921.

In August 1926, he was wanted by the Beiyang government for supporting the Beijing student patriotic movement. He went south to serve as the director of the Chinese Department of Xiamen University. In January 1927, he went to Guangzhou, the then revolutionary center, and served as the academic director of Sun Yat-sen University. He arrived in Shanghai in October 1927 and began living with his student Xu Guangping. In 1929, his son Zhou Haiying was born. Since 1930, he has participated in the Chinese Freedom Movement Alliance, the Chinese Left-wing Writers Alliance and the Chinese Civil Rights Protection Alliance to resist the dictatorship and political persecution of the Kuomintang government. From 1927 to 1936, he created most of the works in the historical novel collection "New Stories" and a large number of essays, which were collected in "Jiji Ji", "Sanxian Ji", "Erxin Ji", "Nanqianbei Diao Ji" ", "Pseudo Free Letters", "Quan Feng Yue Tan", "Lace Literature", "Qie Jie Ting's Essays", "Qie Jie Ting's Essays, Part Two", "Qie Jie Ting's Essays, The Last Series", "Ji Wai Ji" and Special collections such as "Collections from Jiwai Ji".

Lu Xun made great contributions to China's cultural undertakings throughout his life: he led and supported literary groups such as "Weiming Society" and "Chaohua Society"; he edited "National Newspaper Supplement" (Type B) and "Wangyuan" , "Yu Si", "Rush", "Grudge", "Translation" and other literary and art journals; enthusiastically care for and actively cultivate young authors; translate foreign progressive literary works and introduce famous domestic and foreign paintings and woodcuts; collect, research and organize a large number of Classical literature, he compiled "A Brief History of Chinese Novels" and "An Outline of the History of Chinese Literature", compiled "Collections of Ji Kang", and compiled "Miscellaneous Records of Old Books from Kuaiji County", "Ancient Novels", "Records of Legends of the Tang and Song Dynasties", "Novel Old News Notes" and so on.

In the early morning of October 19, 1936, Lu Xun died in Shanghai. Thousands of ordinary people came to see him off on their own initiative, and his coffin was covered with a flag with the words "National Soul" written on it (in Shen Junru's handwriting). Buried in Hongqiao Cemetery of All Nations. In 1956, Lu Xun's body was moved to Hongkou Park and Mao Zedong inscribed the rebuilt tomb of Lu Xun.

In 1938, "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" (twenty volumes) was published. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Lu Xun's works and translations have been compiled into "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" (1957 edition, ten volumes), "Collected Translations of Lu Xun" (ten volumes), "Lu Xun's Diary" (two volumes), "Collected Letters of Lu Xun" and reprinted various ancient books compiled by Lu Xun. In 1981, "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" (sixteen volumes) was published. In 2005, "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" (eighteen volumes) was published. Lu Xun museums and memorial halls have been established in Beijing, Shanghai, Shaoxing, Guangzhou, Xiamen and other places. Dozens of Lu Xun's novels, essays, poems, and essays have been selected into Chinese textbooks for middle and primary schools. The novels "Blessing", "The True Story of Ah Q", "Medicine", etc. have been adapted into movies. Lu Xun's works have been translated into more than 50 languages ??including English, Japanese, Russian, Spanish, French, German, and Arabic, and have a large number of readers around the world. Lu Xun once married Zhu An because of his mother's arrangement, but Zhu An was not good-looking, a victim of feudal society, and had very old ideas. There was a trend in Lu Xun's hometown of Shaoxing that looked down on divorced women. Lu Xun was kind-hearted and did not want Zhu An to fall into this kind of situation. At this point, he had no choice but to leave Zhu An on the pretext of going out to work, and later married Xu Guangping, and gave birth to Zhou Haiying in Shanghai in 1929. Zhu An never consummated the relationship with Lu Xun in his life and could not have children. After Lu Xun died, it was Zhu An who kept vigil for him; but after Zhu An died, no one kept vigil for her. Zhu An was always unfortunate throughout his life.

Family background

Date of birth: September 25, 1881 (the third day of the eighth lunar month)

Birthplace: Born in Dongchang, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province In Fangkou, Lu Xun's original name was Zhou Zhangshou, with the courtesy name Hencai; later he changed his name to Shuren. At the age of thirty-eight, he began to use Lu Xun as his pen name.

My grandfather Zhou Fuqing (1837-1904) was a scholar of the Hanlin Academy. He was once the governor of Jinyu County, Jiangxi Province, and was serving as Secretary of the Cabinet in Beijing at this time.

Father Zhou Boyi (1860-1896), a scholar, lived at home.

My mother, Lu Rui (1857-1943), was quite open-minded. She was born into an official family in Anqiaotou, a suburb of Shaoxing. She had never studied, but she was able to read through self-study.

Family:

In Shaoxing, the Zhou family is considered a prominent family. Not to mention being an official and doing business, the reproduction of the population alone is quite impressive, so by the time Lu Xun was born By that time, the Zhou family had already lived in three places, taking care of each other, and seemed to be a big family. Lu Xun's grandfather, Zhou Jiefu, was born in the Han Dynasty and served as the magistrate of a county in Jiangxi Province. Later, he went to Beijing to serve as secretary of the cabinet and became a standard Beijing official. The city of Shaoxing is not big, and a man like Zhou Jiefu, who is both an imperial scholar and a capital official, can naturally win the respect of ordinary citizens. The "Hanlin" horizontal plaque on the door of the Zhou family clearly declares the special status of the Zhou family. Lu Xun was really lucky. The starting point of his long life was located in such a place, which seemed to be quite far from paradise.

This gave Lu Xun a series of conditions that children from poor families could not enjoy. His family had 40 to 50 acres of paddy land, even if Zhou Jieshu did not remit a penny back from Beijing. His daily livelihood was always more than enough to keep poverty far away from him.

The Zhou family pays great attention to reading. Zhou Jieshui even had the ambition to let his children and grandchildren pass the Imperial Academy together and hang a plaque on the door that reads: "Grandfather, grandson, father, son, brother, uncle, nephew, Imperial Academy". The atmosphere of a scholarly family is naturally quite strong. Lu Xun There are two large book boxes at home, ranging from "Commentaries on the Thirteen Classics" and "Four Histories", to "The Complete Works of Wang Yangming" and Zhang Xuecheng's "General Meanings of Literature and History", from "Analysis of Ancient Chinese Prose" and "Collection of Tang Poems" to The Imperial Examination-specific "Jing Ce Tong Compilation" and even novels such as "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Feng Shen Bang" are crowded among them. Not only do I have books at home, many of my relatives and relatives also have rich collections of books. And not only those boring and serious books, but also many interesting books that children like very much, from the illustrated "Flower Mirror" to the "Dream of Red Mansions" describing boys and girls, there is almost everything.

Lu Xun’s famous sayings

1. Lu Xun’s old-style poems:

1. With cold eyebrows and cold eyes, he bows his head and is content to be a bully (Lu Xun·self-mockery)

2. I am sending my message to Xuanyuan with my blood. (Lu Xun's self-titled portrait)

3. My mind is vast and I hear thunder in the silent place. ·Untitled)

4. The fertile Central Plains are fertile with fertile grass, and the frozen earth blooms with spring flowers. (Lu Xun · Untitled)

5. I can bear to see my friends become new ghosts, and become angry. Poems about Dao Cong Mi (Lu Xun)

6. A ruthless man may not be a true hero, but how can he not be a husband if he pities his son? (Lu Xun) 7. The brothers are here after all the calamities, and they will disappear with a smile when they meet. Gratitude and grudges. (Lu Xun)

8. There is no pride like the old days. Flowers bloom and fall. (Lu Xun·Mourning Yang Quan)

2. Lu Xun’s famous sayings:

1. Time is like water in a sponge, as long as you squeeze it, there is always time.

2. If you only read books, it becomes a bookcase.

3. I am like a cow, eating grass and milking.

4. I hope all Chinese young people will get rid of the air conditioning and just move up, without listening to the words of those who give up on themselves.

5. In fact, there is no road on the ground. When there are more people walking, it becomes a road.

6. Wherever there is genius, I spend all the time others drink coffee on working.

7. Only the national soul is valuable, and only when it is carried forward can China truly progress.

8. Calm, courageous, discerning, and unselfish.

9. The more difficult it is, the harder it is to make reforms.

10. Our top priorities are: first, survival, food and clothing, and development. .

11. Only then can we dare to think, dare to speak, dare to act, and dare to take responsibility.

12. Those who were once generous must maintain the status quo. , those who have never been generous need to innovate, that's probably the case, probably!

13. Human beings will never be lonely, thinking that life is progressive and innate.

14. As long as it is like this, It’s the treasure...

15. Facts are ruthless things, they can shatter empty words into pieces.

16. Lies written in ink can never conceal the facts written in blood.

17. In fact, pioneers can easily become stumbling blocks.

18. If you are greedy for stability, you will not have freedom. To be free, you have to go through some dangers. There are only two ways.

19. If you have to take care of everything, then nothing can be done.

20. Time is life. Wasting other people's time for no reason is actually tantamount to seeking money and killing people.

21. It is very bad to do something without perseverance, no matter how big or small.

22. If the dead are not buried in the hearts of the living, they are really dead.

23. It can be intense quickly, peaceful quickly, or even decadent quickly.

24. It is always harder to transform yourself than to forbid others.

25. As long as you can cultivate a flower, you might as well become a rotten grass.

26. When I am silent, I feel full; when I speak, I feel empty.

27. The past life is dead. I rejoice greatly in this death, for by this I know that it once lived.

28. The life of death has decayed. I rejoice greatly in this decay, for by this I know that it is not empty.

29. But I am calm and happy. I will laugh and I will sing.

30. I love my weeds, but I hate the ground decorated with weeds.

31. When I become ashes, you will see my smile!

32. If you don’t break out in silence, you will perish in silence.

33. Doubt is not a shortcoming. Always doubting, but never making a conclusion, this is the shortcoming.