First stage

(A.D. 1235- A.D. 1239): During the Song Lizong period, the Southern Song Dynasty joined forces with Mongolia to attack the State of Jin, which destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty and brought endless humiliation to the Song Dynasty. By AD 1234, Jin Aizong was defeated by the Song and Meng Allied Forces in Cai Zhou, and the State of Jin was destroyed. History is always repeating itself. As early as the Northern Song Dynasty in Hui Zong, the Song Dynasty also joined hands with Xu Jin to destroy Liao. Soon, the capital was occupied by the majestic Xu Jin cavalry, and Emperor II was also captured. Later generations called it "the shame of Jingkang".

After Song and Mongolia joined forces to destroy the gold, the Song-Mongolian alliance broke down immediately and the Song-Mongolian war began. In 1235, more than 100 people gathered in Wokuotai, Dahan, Mongolia. Mongolia, Nuzhen, Xixia, Bohai and other 500,000 troops attacked the Song Dynasty in three ways, and finally began a 45-year war to destroy the Song Dynasty. Among them, Guo Chu is the third son of Wokuotai, the middle route army headed by the middle route army, and Feng Bing is an important military place leading directly to the Song Dynasty, which is Xiangyang, the important town of Xiangfan in Jinghu District.

In the first encounter, Song Jun was defeated. At that time, the general guarding Xiangyang was Zhao Fan, the comforter of Song Jinghu. At that time, under Zhao Fan's hand, there was a "broken enemy" composed of surrendered soldiers who originally belonged to Guo Xu. Zhao Fan has one shortcoming, that is, he drinks too much. Therefore, when the Mongols contacted "defeating the enemy" as an internal force, Zhao Fan was still dreaming of drinking. So the "broken enemy" rushed into the crowd, opened the city gate and brought the Mongolian army in. Zhao Fan had to flee Xiangyang alone, and Xiangyang fell.

The fall of Xiangyang was the first fall of Yue Fei after recovering the puppet regime, with serious consequences and huge losses. The direct loss comes from the loss of official and civilian materials in Xiangyang. Tens of thousands of people were plundered, and 300,000 stone grains and 24 warehouses of excellent weapons all fell into enemy hands. The failure of military strategy is even more catastrophic.

Xiangyang, with a superior geographical position, is the "west gate" of the Southern Song Dynasty and an important support point of the Southern Song Dynasty in the Jingxiang defense line. Xiangyang fell, Jiangling was in danger, Jiangling was in danger; The risk of the Yangtze River will not be a concern. The natural hazards of the Yangtze River are no longer natural hazards. After the city gate is opened, there will be a large area of land that can be safely defended, which directly threatens the capital Lin 'an. Therefore, less than a year after the fall of Xiangyang, all eight state armies on the southwest road of Matsui fell, and all seven state armies fell.

When the war situation in the Southern Song Dynasty was very critical, the two men reversed the situation. First, Guo Chu, commander of the Middle Route Army of the Mongolian Army; The other is Meng Gong, a famous star in the Southern Song Dynasty. /kloc-in the autumn of 236, the head coach of the Mongolian army was seriously ill and died suddenly; On the other hand, Meng Gong repelled the attack of Mongolian army in qi zhou and Jiangling successively. In this way, due to the changes in the situation on both sides, the Xiangyang battlefield at that time was in a stalemate.

stage Ⅱ

(1239-1257): In the first half of this period, that is, before A.D. 125 1 year, Song Jun was the main battlefield in Xiangyang, and Xiangyang was retaken twice in the form of attack. Here we would like to briefly introduce Meng Gong. Meng Gong (1 195— 1246), a native of Jiangzhou (now Xinjiang, Shaanxi), was an outstanding strategist and commander in chief in the Southern Song Dynasty. Xue's younger brother, a famous soldier in the Tang Dynasty, participated in the military struggle against gold with his father since childhood. In the Song-Mongolian War to Destroy Gold, the troops led by Meng Gong had the strongest fighting capacity in Song Jun. But this time, Meng Gong faced the Mongolian army who had fought side by side with him, so he naturally attached great importance to it.

In A.D. 1239, he was promoted to Jinghu appeasement system, and was responsible for the defense of Jinghu area to fight against the Mongolian army again. He won three out of three wars, defeated Fancheng and returned Li. Xiangyang. However, although Xiangyang was recovered, it was destroyed by the Mongolian army at that time, and Xiangyang city was in ruins, with a serious shortage of personnel and materials. At this time, Xiangyang City has become a city that is easy to attack and difficult to defend. After careful consideration, Meng Gong had to give up Xiangyang.

In the following years, Meng Gong served as the special envoy of Jinghu appeasement and Kuizhou Road, and was responsible for the comprehensive defense of Xiangyang, which enabled Song Jun to maintain certain advantages in this local battlefield. The events of this period.

In the 11th year of Chunyou (125 1), Zengbo Li, who had just been appointed as Jinghu appeasement ambassador, thought that Ying (now Zhongxiang) and Xiang (Xiangfan) were very important, especially Xiangfan. After the completion of Yunzhou City, he asked the court for fifteen thousand reinforcements and money and food support to recover Xiangfan. The imperial court dispatched 8,000 people from other places to support him, and allocated100,000 yuan for military expenses. In April this year, Zengbo Li sent Gundam, deputy commander-in-chief of Jinghu Lake, and Wang Deng, general of the shogunate, to lead a 2 1000 Jinghu Army to attack the Mongolian army entrenched in Xiangfan. In the battle, the soldiers of the Southern Song Dynasty were brave and tenacious, and captured Xiangyang and Fancheng in one fell swoop. This battle was carved by Zengbo Li on the cliff at the east foot of Zhenwu Mountain in the southwest of Xiangyang Ancient City 1.5km. Carved on the cliff at the east foot of Zhenwu Mountain in the southwest of Xiangyang ancient city 1.5km.

The inscription consists of preface and text. 1 1 has 79 words, each word is about 25 cm square, and the regular script is vertical. The preface of the first seven acts is clear: "On April 20th, the 11th year of Song Chunyou, Zengbo Li was moved to Gundam at the order of the emperor, and the shogunate Wang Deng took back the two cities of Xiangfan. The last four lines of the text: "Zhuang Zide, there are north and south mountains. Tang Yigu, Ji Linggu. Potential yang, peeling off the government skin. Millennium, Pingwu country. "The general idea is: magnificent, fairy mountain with two ridges in the north and south! The ancient spirit has changed, and you are an obstacle. Providence restored Xiangfan. You are really a barrier to the Millennium of the Great Song Dynasty.

After recovering Xiangfan, Zengbo Li ordered the city to be built. Within two months, there were 10000 barracks in the city for garrison. After reinforcement, Xiangyang City is nine miles long and Fancheng is about four and a half miles long. The defense capability has been greatly enhanced.

In view of the situation that it is difficult to build a city and defend it, in the following spring (1252), Zengbo Li put forward six suggestions for managing Xiangfan, such as reclaiming farmland, appreciating farmland and transporting grain. Build castles, tax-free, and send more troops to help defend them. Wait a minute. The imperial court partially adopted his suggestion, allocated 654.38 million yuan to subsidize the construction of canals and weirs, and exempted taxes for three years. In the first half of the second year of Zhibaoyou (1254), when Zengbo Li was transferred to Kuizhou as the coordinator and Fu Xuan of Sichuan, 6,276 families of soldiers moved to Xiangfan and gradually recovered.

Of course, apart from the efforts of the Southern Song Dynasty itself, the civil strife in Mongolia was the reason why the Song Army was able to win a certain military victory during this period. 124 1 year, Wokuotai died of illness. In less than two years, his successor, Guifei, died of illness. The Mongolian empire was caught in the political struggle of Khan's position, and it was not until 125 1 that a new Khan Mengge was elected.

The third stage

(1257 turn 1267): During this decade, the Song Dynasty and the ancient capital of Mongolia fell into infighting. But from 1257 to 1259, there was still a fierce war. But the main battlefield is the fishing village in Sichuan, and the Xiangfan area is only a secondary battlefield. 1257, after basically eliminating the internal factors that threatened his power, Mongo decided to send troops to attack the Song Dynasty the following year, this time led by himself and Kublai Khan. The Mongolian army attacked the Song Dynasty, but it was still divided into three ways, but its strategic deployment was adjusted.

Meng Ge's main force stormed Sichuan; Kublai Khan's East Route Army avoided Xiangfan and went straight to Ezhou. The West Route Army of Mongolian Army implemented a circuitous strategy, bypassing Dali. So Xiangyang's defense has not been tested. But the battle of Xiangyang written by Jin Yong is based on this war. Especially in the battle, Mongolian Khan was killed by an arrow, and the Mongolian army retreated.

In fact, however, Meng Ge is dead, but not in Xiangyang, but in the fishing city of Sichuan. Mengge's accidental death led to the bankruptcy of the Mongolian army's plan to attack the Song Dynasty. And Kublai Khan was eager to go back and fight for Khan's position, which was also a hasty withdrawal.

After Kublai Khan returned to the grassland, he fought for several years, until 1264 Kublai Khan defeated Ali Bouguer, completely ending the civil strife that lasted for four years. At the same time, Kublai Khan began to change the previous practice of Mongolian Khan, no longer killing the cities occupied by the Southern Song Dynasty, but using various means to recruit and surrender the generals of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Here in the Southern Song Dynasty, it is another scene. Due to Jia Sidao's manipulation of power, he constantly cracked down on alien forces, resulting in a large number of capable generals being demoted, such as Gundam, who recovered Xiangyang for the third time, and Yu Jie, who runs a fishing city, who were either idle at home or depressed after being excluded. So the balance of the Song-Mongolian war began to tilt to the Mongolian side again.

The fourth stage

(1267 turn 1273): After Gundam regained Xiangyang in 125 1 year, the Southern Song Dynasty court began to pay attention to Xiangyang's strategy. Song Lizong has allocated a lot of manpower and material resources. After more than ten years of vigorous management, Xiangyang once again became an important town with high city, deep pool, deep soldiers and sufficient food, and became the gateway and shadow wall of the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River in Song Dynasty. In this decade, another military group began to become the main defense force of Xiangyang, which is Lv Wende Group.

Lv Wende (? -1270) was born in Anfeng (now Shouxian South, Anhui Province) in the Southern Song Dynasty. Lv Wende first joined the army with Zhao Kui (the younger brother of Zhao Fan who lost Xiangyang in the Battle of Song and Meng). Although there is no biography of Lv Wende in the history books, it can be seen from other people's biographies that Lv Wende experienced almost the entire Song-Meng War. In the battle with the Mongolian army, Lv Wende traveled back and forth between Sichuan and Hubei. In decades of fighting, he not only accumulated experience, but also trained a group of family armed forces.

Of course, Lv Wende can become an important military group in Jinghu area for more than ten years. In addition to his military strength and achievements, his collusion with Jia Sidao also has important reasons. Lv Wende touted Jia Sidao above and attacked dissidents below.

Because of this, many generals surrendered to Kublai Khan in order to protect themselves. In particular, Meng Gong's favorite general Liu Zheng surrendered to Kublai Khan because he saw other generals killed. The navy division he led was more capable, so Mongolia finally got its dream navy division. Then, in order to show loyalty, Liu Zheng proposed to Kublai Khan the strategy of taking Xiangyang first and then attacking Lin 'an, which was adopted by Kublai Khan. Therefore, under the advice and planning of Liu Zheng, the general of the Song Dynasty, Mongolia focused on breaking through the defense line of the Song Dynasty and returning to Xiangfan between Shu and Huai.

In 1267, Lv Wende made a serious mistake, which made people laugh and cry. He actually allowed the Mongolian army to set up an external venue in Fancheng. So the Mongols quickly built a fortress and cut off the grain route in Xiangfan. When Lv Wende understood, he knew that he had made a mistake. He was angry and anxious, so he couldn't get sick.

In A.D. 1268, Kublai Khan sent Asu as the general and Liu Zheng as the vice-general, and led the Mongolian army and the Southern Song Navy to attack Xiangfan, and the final battle of Xiangfan began. After learning that Xiangfan was besieged, the Song Dynasty quickly ordered reinforcements from Sichuan and Huaibei.

At the same time, the deputy envoy of Jinghu appeasement system and Xiangyang Zhifulu also took the initiative to attack several times, trying to break the encirclement of the Mongolian army, but all failed. 1March, 269, Zhang Shijie was the capital of the Huaihe River, and the boatman arrived in Xiangfan first with "ma bu" or horse stance just look, and fought a big battle with the Mongols on the Han River southeast of Xiangyang. After fierce fighting, Zhang Shijie lost to Meng Jun and was forced to retreat. Xia Gui, the appeaser of Sichuan who arrived later, took advantage of the surging Hanshui River in spring to send food, clothes and other materials to Xiangyang City by warship.

In June of the same year, Tang Yongjian, commander-in-chief of Jing and Hubei, fought out Xiangyang City and was defeated, captured and surrendered. In July of the same year, Xia Gui led 50,000 troops and 3,000 warships to reinforce Xiangyang again. However, this time, it was violently blocked by the Mongolian army along the river, and the reinforcements failed. In February of the same year, Lv Wende died. Song Jun, the most famous military commander, lost the border crossing on the battlefield of Jinghu Lake for 40 years, which had a great negative impact on Xiangyang's defense.

Although Mongolia decided to seize Xiangfan at all costs, troops from all over the country kept marching towards Xiangfan. In just one year, the number of Mongolian troops besieged Xiangfan increased to 65,438+10,000. However, the combat effectiveness of the military group established by Lv Wende should not be underestimated. They have been operating in Xiangfan for more than ten years. Xiangfan has favorable terrain, surrounded by Hanshui River, and the dangerous city is solid. In particular, the sufficient garrison measures and abundant material reserves made the Mongolian army eager to try, but it could not take Xiangfan in a short time.

However, because the Yuan Army gained a firm foothold in Xiangfan, it adopted a long-term siege method and continuously narrowed the siege scope. In particular, the Yuan Army was defeated by Xiangyang Army, and Song Jun reinforcements ended in failure several times. This is the so-called later famous "besieging the city to fight for help" tactic. This tactic has been implemented for three years, and by 1273, Xiangyang City has already faced great difficulties. In particular, the Yuan army laid siege to Fancheng on a large scale. Xiangyang was helpless after the fall, and the city was already short of food and grass, and its morale was low. At this time, the Yuan Dynasty sent people to surrender, and Lu surrendered in February 1273, and the battle of Xiangfan officially ended.

The battle of Xiangfan was the key battle that decided the fate of the Southern Song Dynasty. The troops of the Lushi Military Group participated in the last battle of Xiangfan in the Southern Song Dynasty. Although it cannot be denied that they fought bloody battles, repeated command mistakes and corruption that destroyed the Great Wall in the Southern Song Dynasty eventually led to the failure of this key battle.

After the battle of Xiangfan, the Southern Song Dynasty quickly perished in a few years. By 1279, Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea with the last emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty on his back, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished.