1. Explanatory text
(1) Give examples (illustration method)
Give actual examples to illustrate things and make the things to be explained concrete. In order for readers to understand, this method of explanation is called the example method.
Benefits: Make the meaning of the article clearer, readers understand it better, and enhance persuasiveness.
(2) Quotation (citation method, citation of materials)
In order to make the content of the explanation more substantial and specific, you can quote some literature, poems, sayings, and famous quotes. Make the description more convincing. The scope of cited materials is very wide, including classic works, famous quotes, formulas and laws, allusions and legends, proverbs, poems, etc. Serve as the content or basis for explanation to explain and introduce things.
Benefits: image, typical, more convincing. Reflect the accuracy of expository language
(3) Make comparisons (comparative explanation method)
To explain some abstract things or things that are unfamiliar to people, you can use concrete or something that everyone has already Comparing familiar things with it allows readers to get a specific and vivid impression through comparison. The characteristics of things are often revealed in comparison.
Benefits: To illustrate some abstract or unfamiliar things, you can compare them with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a specific and distinct impression through comparison. The characteristics of things are often revealed in comparison.
(4) Column numbers (number explanation method)
In order to make the things to be explained concrete, the method of column data can also be used to facilitate readers' understanding. It should be noted that the figures quoted must be accurate. Inaccurate figures must not be used. Even estimated figures must have a reliable basis and strive to be approximate.
Benefits: Numbers are the most accurate, scientific and convincing basis for quantitatively explaining the characteristics or principles of things. (Or on the one hand, the explanation is more accurate, and on the other hand, the explanation is more convincing and convincing.)
(5) Classification (classification method)
To explain things The characteristics of things are often difficult to explain clearly from one aspect. Things can be divided into several categories based on the similarities and differences in attributes such as shape, nature, cause, function, etc., and then explained one by one according to the categories. This method of explanation is called classification.
Benefits: Make complex things clear
(6) Make analogies
Use the similarities between two different things to compare and highlight The method of explaining the characteristics and characteristics of things to enhance the image and vividness of explanation is called metaphor.
Benefits: Abstract things become concrete, vivid and vivid. (Or explain the characteristics of things in an accurate, concrete and easy-to-understand way.)
(7) Describe the description
In order to make the object being explained more vivid and concrete, you can describe it Copying, this method of explanation is called copying appearance.
Benefits: In order to make the object being explained more vivid and specific.
(8) Definition (definition method)
Using concise language to prescriptively explain the essential characteristics of a certain concept is called definition. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things and is a commonly used method in scientific and technological explanatory writing.
Benefits: It enables people to understand and understand abstract words more clearly when reading
(9) Interpretation
From one side, it explains the meaning of things This method of explaining a certain feature is called interpretation.
(10) Draw diagrams
In order to explain complex things clearly, diagrams can also be used to make up for the shortcomings of using words alone to explain some things more directly and more clearly. specific.
Benefits: Makes it clear at a glance.
(11) Making assumptions
Hypothesis explanation is a method of using assumed environment to presuppose the situation that will occur to explain things.
Narrative writing
Expressive techniques
To express one's ambitions, to express one's ambitions, to express one's ambitions, to describe scenes, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's feelings, to express one's ambitions, to express one's ambitions, to symbolize, to use allusions, to imagine, to associate, to express emotions. Contrast the scene, highlight the object, render virtual and real, combine side description, frontal description, direct lyricism, indirect lyricism
Structure: connecting the previous and the following, suspense, echo, foreshadowing, etc.
Rhetorical techniques: metaphor, repetition, parallelism, rhetorical questions, personification, exaggeration, etc.
Argumentative essay
Argumentative essay contains three elements: argument, argument, and demonstration.
When presenting and establishing arguments, attention should be paid to: ① Correctness. ②Darkness. ③Novelty.
Basic argumentation methods: including three major categories and five types: induction, illustration, deduction, analogy, and contrast.
The argumentation methods are as follows:
1. Demonstration with examples: Listing conclusive, sufficient, representative examples to prove the argument; (Function: Demonstrating the point of view concretely and forcefully, strengthening the The persuasiveness of the article)
2. Logical argumentation: use incisive insights from Marxist-Leninist classics, famous sayings of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign celebrities, and generally accepted theorems and formulas to prove arguments; (Function: to demonstrate forcefully
3. Comparative argument: compare the positive and negative arguments or arguments, and prove the argument in the comparison; (Function: highlight the argument, Impressive)
4. Metaphorical argument: Use familiar things as metaphors to prove the argument. (Function: vividly demonstrate the point of view, making the article easy to understand, easy to understand and accept) In addition, in the refutation, the refuting method of "using the spear of the son and attacking the shield of the son" and the "reductio ad absurdum" method are often used ". It is often used comprehensively in most argumentative papers.
5. Citation argument: Citation argument is more complicated, which is related to the specific citation materials. There are various situations such as quoting famous quotes, aphorisms, authoritative data, anecdotes of celebrities, jokes and anecdotes. Its function is to Specific analysis. For example, quoting celebrity quotes, aphorisms, and authoritative data can enhance the persuasiveness and authority of the argument; quoting celebrity anecdotes and anecdotes can enhance the interest of the argument and attract readers to read on.