1, universal love
Complete and undifferentiated fraternity, contrary to Confucian kissing, extends the way of treating relatives to other strangers, such as the kindness of fathers and brothers, filial piety of children, respect for the elderly and love for friends, and youth.
2. Non-aggression
It is meaningless to oppose the war of aggression, the damage caused by the war to the defeated, and the loss of life and talents.
3. Shang Xian
Shang Xian, in fact, is to recommend talented people, regardless of their status.
4. Shang Tong
The same moral words, the same attitude of people, changed in an instant. Moreover, instead of directly denying morality, we should take words from the content itself and turn verbal criticism into a moral personal right.
5. Tianzhi
Mozi proposed to act according to the rules and operate according to the articles of association. Benevolence, the heart also, is the inner feeling; Righteousness and externality are external standards.
6, Ming ghost
Like atheists, they don't believe in witchcraft and fate, but believe that there will be a soul after death.
7, not life
It is natural to deny the existence of fate and think that the world is fair, that those who rely on strength can live, and that those who do not lose strength cannot live. There is no fate. An absolutely unchangeable fate, to arrange people's wealth, will and chances of life and death, everything is done by people themselves, which is bound to be reasonable.
8. Non-music
It is useless to get rid of the shackles of hierarchical rites and music and abolish the tedious and extravagant manufacture and performance of chimes. Ancient music is time-consuming and expensive, and it is not produced in China. The abolition of large-scale music conforms to the standards beneficial to civilians.
Step 8 save money
Think noble extravagance and waste, too much sex, lead to people stealing. According to observation, everything is in harmony with Yin and Yang, so as to persuade nobles and save money.
10, Festival burial
In rural areas, a lot of family wealth was wasted on funeral preparations, dinners and reburies in the Zhou Dynasty, which was a trivial matter for the nobles, but for the poor, it was bankrupt and unable to work. Abolishing the funeral customs left over from ancient times is in line with the standards that are beneficial to civilians.
Extended data:
Later thoughts:
After Mozi's death, Mohism split. Richemont, Deng Lingmo and Xiangfu Mo were active in the middle and late Warring States Period. In the view of nature, the relationship between matter, movement and time and space is explained materialistically, and Mozi's view of heaven and ghosts is abandoned.
Closely link materialist philosophy with science. In epistemology, Mozi carried forward the characteristics of attaching importance to practice, acknowledged the knowability of the material world, and overcame the mistakes of narrow empiricism.
In terms of political thought, he put forward the famous judgment of "righteousness and benefit", which highlighted interests and used it as the standard and basis for explaining various social problems and moral categories.
In the later period, Mohism made great contributions to logic theory, and formed the first relatively complete logic system in ancient China, which was mainly reflected in Xiaoqu.
In the later period, Mohism made a detailed study on concept, judgment and reasoning. Consciously realize that the spiritual life of working people also needs art.
Educational thoughts:
Mozi attached importance to the important role of environment and education in the formation of human nature. He put forward the famous "Susie Theory", which holds that human nature is like Susie, "It is pale when dyed in a pale place, and yellow when dyed in a yellow place".
Taking plain silk and dyed silk as metaphors, this paper vividly illustrates the importance of environment and education to the formation of human nature. Therefore, he emphasized that "dyeing should not be sloppy." Triggered by the social ideal of "loving each other and bringing out the best in each other", Mozi advocated "learning" as the training goal of education.
Through them, saint politics can be realized. A part-time scholar should have three requirements: knowledge and skills, thinking argumentation and high moral character. Among them, morality is particularly important. Only in this way can part-time scholars take it as their responsibility to promote world interests and eliminate world harm.
Regardless of each other, relatives and friends, rich and poor, everyone can achieve "hunger is food, cold is clothing, illness is support, and death is burial". In terms of educational content, Mozi advocated political and moral education and literature and history knowledge education.
Special attention is also paid to the education of scientific and technological knowledge and the education of cultivating thinking ability. The former includes production and military science and technology knowledge education and natural science knowledge education, aiming at training and forming logical thinking ability, being good at arguing with people and convincing people.
Realize one's political opinions. Compared with the "six arts" education advocated by Confucianism, this is an important creation of Mozi in educational content. In terms of educational principles and methods, Mozi does not agree with the Confucian method of "treating oneself", but advocates that "although you don't knock, there will be a sound"
We should actively preach. Nor is it satisfied with Confucius' method of "keeping words without deeds, believing in the ancient times", but emphasizes that "the goodness of the ancient times must be said, and the goodness of today must be done". Today's educational methods are different from those in ancient times, and we must give priority to creation.
He attaches importance to the role of practice in education, and thinks that "although a scholar is knowledgeable, his behavior is intrinsic". He also noticed that students' knowledge level should be considered in the teaching process, so as to be "deep, shallow, beneficial and respectful".
He is the first educator in the history of education in China who explicitly put forward the principle of acting according to one's ability. Mozi, different from Confucian educational thought, contains many reasonable contents and is a wonderful flower in the garden of ancient educational thought in China.
Baidu encyclopedia-Mohist thought