The eternal famous line in Wang Wei's poem "The Envoy to the Fortress" is "The solitary smoke is straight in the desert, and the sun is setting in the long river": In the vast and boundless desert, a tree pointing straight to the sky rises in the distance. Pillars of smoke; the thousands-mile Yellow River flows from west to east like a jade belt from the desert. A round red sun is hanging on the river on the horizon of the western sky.

The following are written by others for reference

Strong yet boundless, warm and sentimental - Appreciation of Wang Wei's "Shi to the Fortress".

Wang Wei

I want to ask about the side of the bicycle, but I belong to the country and live in Yan.

Zheng Peng left Hansai, returned to Yan and entered Hutian.

The desert is solitary and the smoke is straight, and the sun is setting over the long river.

Xiao Guan selects candidates for riding, and all of them are protected by Yan Ran.

[Annotation on poetry]

Envoy to the fortress: I was ordered to send an envoy to the frontier fortress.

Bicycle: describes a simple and easy ride.

Ask Bian: Condolences to Bian Shi.

vassal state: the abbreviation of vassal state in the Qin and Han Dynasty official names, and refers to the author himself in the poem. At that time, the author, as a supervisory censor, went to the fortress to comfort the victorious soldiers.

Juyan: The name of the city belongs to Zhangye County, Liangzhou, in the territory of Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region today. Refers to the annexed minority areas.

Zhengpeng: A self-metaphor for the fluffy grass that is blown away by the wind.

Changhe: refers to the Yellow River.

Xiaoguan: The name of the ancient pass is the main transportation thoroughfare from Guanzhong to the north of Saibei. In the southeast of Guyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.

Waiting Cavalry: Cavalry responsible for reconnaissance and communications.

Protector: The commander-in-chief of the frontier is leading his troops to occupy Yanran, guarding the northwest border of the motherland.

Yan Ran: Hangai Mountain in today’s Mongolian People’s Republic, here refers to the front line.

[About the author]

Wang Wei, courtesy name Mojie, was a poet and painter in the Tang Dynasty. In his later years, he had no intention of pursuing an official career and dedicated himself to worshiping Buddhism, so later generations called him the "Poetry Buddha". There are less than 400 of his poems in existence, among which his greatest achievements are in describing landscapes and pastoral areas and singing about secluded life. Most of Wang Wei's landscape and pastoral works, while depicting the natural beauty, reveal the leisurely and leisurely taste of leisure life. They are either quiet and tranquil, or the weather is desolate, or lonely and desolate. He also has works that reflect life in the military and frontier fortresses. , among which the beautiful lines describing scenes have been widely recited throughout the ages, such as the very representative "Shi Zhi Zhi Shang" is one of them. People often comment on the works of poet and painter Wang Wei by saying "there are paintings in poems and poems in paintings". These two famous quotes from Su Shi have indeed captured the artistic characteristics of Wang Wei, which is a hard-won statement.

[Background introduction]

In the twenty-fifth year of Kaiyuan (737), Cui Xiyi, the deputy ambassador of Hexi Jiedu, defeated Tubo. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered Wang Wei to go to the fortress as a supervisory censor to comfort him. Inspect the military situation. This actually pushed Wang Wei out of the court. This poem was written on the way to the border. "Envoy to the Fortress" depicts the strange and magnificent scenery outside the Great Wall, and expresses the poet's praise for the patriotic spirit of the border soldiers who are not afraid of hardships and sacrifice their lives for the country. The narrative of this poem is concise and concise, and the pictures are magnificent and magnificent.

[Hierarchical structure]

"Bicycles want to ask where to go." If a light bike goes there, where are they going? "The country has passed over Juyan", Juyan is located in the northwest of Zhangye County, Gansu Province, far away from the northwest frontier.

"Zheng Peng leaves Hansai, returning wild geese enter Hu Tian", the poet compares himself with "Peng" and "Wild Geese", saying that he came to "Hansai" like a fluffy grass blown away by the wind. , entering the "Hu Tian" like the "Guiyan" flying north. In ancient poems, flying puffs are often used to describe wanderers, but here they are used to describe a minister with a mission to the court, which is a metaphor for the poet's inner anger and depression. Echoes the "bicycle" in the first sentence. A journey of thousands of miles was conveyed in just ten words.

Then capture the typical scenery in the desert and describe it: "The solitary smoke is straight in the desert, and the sun sets over the long river."

The last two sentences are written about arriving at the frontier fortress: "When Xiao Guan is waiting to ride, he will protect Yan Ran." When they arrived at the border fortress, they did not meet the general. The scout told the envoy that the general was at the front line of Yanran.

The poet focused his writing on what he was best at - describing scenes. The author's mission happened to be in spring. On the way, he saw several lines of returning geese flying north. The poet created a metaphor based on the scene and used the returning geese to compare himself. He not only narrated the story but also described the scenery. It was two strokes in one stroke, which was appropriate and natural.

[Appreciation of Famous Sentences] "The solitary smoke is straight in the desert, and the sun is setting in the long river."

This passage describes the strange and magnificent scenery outside the frontier fortress seen after entering the frontier fortress. The picture is broad and the artistic conception is powerful. . The word "big" vividly depicts the desolation and vastness of the border desert. It is vast and there are no wonders and wonders. The thick smoke from the beacon tower is particularly eye-catching, so it is called solitary smoke. The following is "straight". The word "" shows the beauty of his strength and perseverance. There are no mountains or trees in the desert, and the Yellow River that runs through it has to be described as "long" to be accurate. In addition, the setting sun originally gives people a sad and desolate impression, but here the poet writes it as "round", giving people a sense of intimacy and warmth. The poet not only realistically wrote the scene of the desert, but also skillfully integrated his lonely mood into the vast natural environment. As Wang Guowei commented, this is a famous sentence of "eternal grandeur".

[Writing Features]

The narrative of this poem is straightforward, the language is simple and plain, and the content is clear and easy to understand. The author was envoys to go on an expedition and shouldered the important task alone. He compared himself with the conquering geese and the returning geese, highlighting the season of spring. He embodies the sadness and desolation in the majestic colors. The wonders of the desert cannot be described as "solitary" or "round", and they are so powerful. It is vast, warm and sentimental, the scenery is spectacular, and the momentum is smooth. It is no wonder that Xiang Ling studied the poems in the 48th chapter of "A Dream of Red Mansions" and carefully studied its interest, thinking that there are no more sentimental and reasonable words such as "solitary" and "round". It can be seen that the work of dialogue and wording are accurate.

[Related Links] Selected Poems for Frontier War

1 Song from the Fortress by Wang Changling

The cicadas chirp in the empty mulberry forest, the August Xiaoguan Road.

It's cold when it comes out of the plug, and yellow reeds are everywhere.

We have always been guests in this quiet place, but they are all old and dusty.

Don’t imitate the knight-errants and praise Ziliu modestly.

2 Fisherman's Ao Fan Zhongyan

The scenery is different when autumn comes in the fortress, but the geese in Hengyang leave without paying attention. Sounds echoed from all sides. Thousands of miles away, long smoke falls

The city is closed.

A cup of wine can bring you thousands of miles away, but there is no way for Yan Ran to return home. Qiang Guan is covered with frost all over the ground. When a man is sleepless, the general's hair turns gray and his husband weeps.

3 Night tour in the palace? Remember the dream and send it to Master Bohun Lu You

At dawn, the snow is clear and the jigs are in chaos. Sleepwalking somewhere, somewhere unknown. The iron cavalry has no reputation and is like water. I want to go to Guanhe River, west of Yanmen, and on the edge of Qinghai.

Sleeping in the cold light, the sound leaks out and the moon tilts against the window paper. Since then, he has been granted the title of Marquis in Wanli. Who knows, although the temples are broken, the heart is not dead.

4 Seven Songs from the March of the Army (Part 5) Wang Changling

The desert is dusty and the sun is dim,

The red flag is half-rolled out of the camp gate.

The former army fought in Taohebei at night, and

reported that Tuyuhun was captured alive.

5 Yanmen Prefect Luggage Congratulations

Black clouds are pressing down on the city, threatening to destroy it, and the light of armor opens towards the golden scales of the sun.

The sound of the trumpet fills the autumn sky, and the night is purple when stuffed with swallow fat.

The half-rolled red flag is near the Yishui River, and the sound of heavy frost and cold drums cannot be heard.

Report your favor on the golden platform, and guide the jade dragon to die for you.

[Exercise Design]

1. What does "pengcao" generally represent in ancient poetry? What feelings does the word "pengcao" in the poem express?

Answer: .

2. The last couplet uses allusions to express the mood of yearning for success. Which two words is this allusion hidden in?

Answer: .

3. The two words "straight" and "round" in the neck couplet have always been praised by people. Let's talk about why these two words are used well.

Answer:

4. The neck couplet is a famous poem about scenery. Based on this poem, it describes the scenery Wang Wei saw and his mood at that time. (Within about 60 words)

Answer:

5. One of the inappropriate explanations for the words of this poem is

A. The first sentence explains the purpose of the trip, and the second sentence says that the subject country extends beyond Juyan (name of place), pointing out the vastness of the frontier and the distance of the road.

B． In the third and fourth sentences, write about the things in front of you, and compare yourself with "Peng" and "Goose". Judging from the characteristics of the scenery, the author came to the fortress in autumn.

C. The fifth and sixth sentences continue to write about the typical scenery the poet saw in the desert. "Changhe" refers to the Yellow River.

D. The last two sentences describe that the poet met Hou Qi (a scout) at Xiaoguan on the border, and learned that the Protector was leading troops on the front line of Yanran.

6. In the analysis of this poem, one of the inappropriate items is

A. "The expedition leaves the Han Dynasty, and the returning geese enter the Hutian". The two sentences are metaphors in the scene, saying that oneself is like a flying bush. Approaching "Hansai" and entering "Hu Tian" like "returning wild geese", this not only describes the scene, but also narrates the story. It is appropriate and natural in one word and two fingers, and reveals the poet's relaxed joy and eagerness to see the border soldiers.

B. The border desert is vast and boundless, so the word "big" in "desert" is used: the frontier is desolate, the scenery is monotonous, and the occasional puff of smoke is particularly eye-catching, so it is called "lone smoke".

C There are no mountains or trees to block the desert, and the winding Yellow River runs through it with no end in sight. The word "long" not only captures the characteristics of the scenery, but also accurately expresses the poet's feeling.

D. "Sunset" can easily give people a sentimental impression, but the word "round" is used here, but it gives people a kind and warm feeling, with a powerful artistic conception.

[Reference Answer]

1. "Puffy grass" flies with the wind, and is often used in ancient literature to describe wandering whereabouts. Wang Wei used the word "Zheng Peng" to describe himself, revealing his involuntary feeling. He was very worried and angry that he was excluded from the court.

2. Yan Ran

3. "Straight" and "round" accurately describe the scene of the desert and express the author's deep feelings.

The character "straight" reveals a tall and majestic character in the desolation and loneliness, while the character "yuan" displays softness and warmth in the vastness and majesty.

4. Briefly

5. B (not autumn, but spring. Because "Gui Hu Tian" reveals that geese fly from south to north, this

It is a characteristic of spring scenery. )

6. A (It is not relaxed and happy. Because fluffy grass is often used as a metaphor for wandering.

)